With the main pathological features of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis， renal fibrosis is a key pathological process causing chronic kidney disease to progress to end-stage disease. As a cellular autophagic process， mitochondrial autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial mass and functional stability. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be one of the key factors driving the progression of fibrosis. Phosphatase and tension protein homologue （PTEN） induce various signalling pathways such as putative kinase 1/parkin， Nip3-like protein X/Bcl-2 interacting protein 3， and FUN14 structural domain-containing protein 1 to activate mitochondrial autophagy to participate in the regulation of fibrogenic factors， amelioration of oxidative stress， and inhibition of inflammatory response and apoptosis， which in turn effectively slows down the progression of renal fibrosis. Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine monomers and compound preparations， including phenolics， terpenoids， ketones， and alkaloids， can regulate mitochondrial autophagy-related signalling pathways and achieve significant clinical efficacy in intervening in the progression of renal fibrosis for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. This paper summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy and the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in renal fibrosis to provide new ideas for the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating renal fibrosis.

With the main pathological features of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis， renal fibrosis is a key pathological process causing chronic kidney disease to progress to end-stage disease. As a cellular autophagic process， mitochondrial autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial mass and functional stability. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be one of the key factors driving the progression of fibrosis. Phosphatase and tension protein homologue （PTEN） induce various signalling pathways such as putative kinase 1/parkin， Nip3-like protein X/Bcl-2 interacting protein 3， and FUN14 structural domain-containing protein 1 to activate mitochondrial autophagy to participate in the regulation of fibrogenic factors， amelioration of oxidative stress， and inhibition of inflammatory response and apoptosis， which in turn effectively slows down the progression of renal fibrosis. Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine monomers and compound preparations， including phenolics， terpenoids， ketones， and alkaloids， can regulate mitochondrial autophagy-related signalling pathways and achieve significant clinical efficacy in intervening in the progression of renal fibrosis for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. This paper summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy and the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in renal fibrosis to provide new ideas for the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating renal fibrosis.

Objective:To explore the possible effects of Bushen Huoxue Formula (the kidney tonifying and blood activating prescription) on the proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis of nucleus pulposus cells by regulating the circ_0036763/miR-583 axis.Methods:Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of circ0036763 and miR-583 in normal and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) nucleus pulposus cells; IDD nucleus pulposus cells were divided into pcDNA group, pcDNA circ_0036763 group, pcDNA circ_0036763+ mimic NC group, and pcDNA circ_0036763+ miR-583 mimic group. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of circ_0036763 and miR-583 in nucleus pulposus cells in each group, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was used to detect cell proliferation (A value), and Western blot was used to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), collagen Ⅰ, and collagen Ⅱ proteins in nucleus pulposus cells, The dual luciferase assay reported experimental validation of the targeting relationship between circ_0036763 and miR-583. 27 mice were divided into sham surgery group, IDD group, and kidney tonifying and blood activating formula group. IDD models were established in all groups except for the sham surgery group. After successful modeling, the sham surgery group and IDD group were given physiological saline by gavage, while the kidney tonifying and blood activating formula group was given 1.5 g/ml of kidney tonifying and blood activating formula by gavage for 3 consecutive weeks. QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of circ0036763 and miR-583 in the nucleus pulposus cells of mice in each group, MTT was used to detect cell proliferation, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of PCNA, collagen Ⅰ, and collagen Ⅱ proteins.Results:The expression level of circ_0036763 in IDD nucleus pulposus cells decreased, while the expression level of miR-583 increased (all P<0.05); Overexpression of circ_0036763 can promote proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis of nucleus pulposus cells (all P<0.05); Circ_0036763 targets miR-583 and upregulates miR-583 reversible overexpression. Circ_0036763 enhances the proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis ability of IDD nucleus pulposus cells. Compared with the sham surgery group, the IDD group showed an increase in collagen Ⅰ protein expression and miR-583 expression levels (all P<0.05), while the cell A value, PCNA and collagen Ⅱ protein expression, and circ_0036763 expression levels decreased (all P<0.05); Compared with the IDD group, the Kidney Tonifying and Blood Activating Formula group showed a decrease in collagen Ⅰ protein expression and miR-583 expression levels (all P<0.05), while the cell A value, PCNA and collagen Ⅱ protein expression, and circ_0036763 expression levels increased (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The kidney tonifying and blood activating formula (Bushen Huoxue) may induce proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis of nucleus pulposus cells by regulating the circ_0036763/miR-583 axis.

Objective:To establish an in vivo infection model of West Nile virus (WNV) pseudovirus and evaluate the neutralizing activity of antibody WNV-XH1.Methods:A stable cell line that can package the WNV pseudovirus was established in the early stage to prepare the pseudovirus supernatant. The supernatant was concentrated and infected BHK21 cells to detect the titer of the pseudovirus. After intraperitoneal injection of the pseudovirus into C57BL/J mice, bioluminescence imaging was performed to observe the infection status of the pseudovirus in the mice. After simultaneous infection, blood was collected and ELISA was used to detect NS1 levels in mouse serum. The in vivo functional activity of antibody WNV-XH1 was evaluated using the established mouse infection model.Results:Fluorescence was detected in C57BL/J mice infected with WNV pseudovirus, and the NS1 levels in the peripheral blood serum of mice infected with pseudovirus were significantly higher than those of non infected mice (1.453±0.09vs0.305±0.018). After intravenous administration of WNV-XH1 antibody before the attack, the fluorescence signal in the mice decreased and the serum NS1 level decreased (0.384±0.015).Conclusions:A successful in vivo infection model of WNV pseudovirus was established, and it was confirmed that the antibody WNV-XH1 had a protective effect against WNV pseudovirus infection in vivo.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and relevant factors of eating out-of-home among middle school students in Wuhan, and to analyze its association with overweight/obesity, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention of overweight/obesity among middle school students. Methods: From March to April 2023, 1 654 middle school students in Wuhan were selected by convenient sampling method for a questionnaire survey. The multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relevant factors of eating out-of-home and to explore its relationship with overweight/obesity among middle school students. Results: On weekdays, 57.19% of the middle school students ate out-of-home at least once a week. On weekends, 81.38% of the participants ate out-of-home at least once a week. The multivariate analysis showed non -resident students were more likely to eat out-of-home on weekdays (OR=4.32, 95%CI =2.10-8.90, P <0.05). Middle school students whose fathers with educational backgrounds of high school, technical secondary school or college above, and families with per capita monthly income levels of 2 000-5 000 and >5 000 yuan, and average monthly food expenses of 500-<1 000 and 1 000-<1 500 yuan were more likely to eat out-of-home on weekends ( OR= 2.12 , 2.77; 2.58, 3.32; 1.70, 1.98, P <0.05). Middle school students with qualified nutrition and health knowledge scores were more likely to eat out-of-home on weekends than those with excellent nutrition and health knowledge scores ( OR=1.51, 95%CI = 1.12 -2.06, P <0.05). Students who ate out-of-home once or twice per week on weekends had 1.50 times higher risk of overweight/obesity than those who ate out-of-home none per week on weekends (adjusted OR =1.50, 95% CI =1.05-2.15, P <0.05). Conclusion Eating out-of-home is common among middle school students in Wuhan. Middle school students should actively cultivate awareness of healthy eating, and decrease the frequency of eating out-of-home to reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity .

Objective To explore the formation process of vacuum pressure differential of micro power negative pressure technology to facilitate its clinical application.MethodsThe formation of negative pressure differential and changes of negative pressure values in enclosure space were studied which was formed by liquid aspiration after the compressive polyvinyl alcohol foam material was enclosed.Micro power negative pressure technology was applied to the treatment of the right ear necrosis patient after focal cleaning,and the efficacy was observed.Results Medical adhesive film was raised gradually during the expansion of polyvinyl alcohol foam due to liquid aspiration,and then the enclosure space extended increasingly to form local vacuum negative pressure.The range of maximal negative pressure was between-110 and-200 Pa,and the mean maximal negative pressure value was-132.7 Pa.Micro power negative pressure technology behaved well in healing the wound.Conclusion Micro power negative pressure technology gains advantages in reliability and easy operation over other technologies and products,and may be a new choice for healing of refractory wounds.

Objective To explore the proliferative changes and clinical significance of osteoclasts (OC) in various stages of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Twenty healthy adult male SD rats were made the model by modified Hulht procedure,the left knee served as the control group and the right knee as the OA model group. The total knee joint (n=5) was collected at postoperative 1, 2,4,8 weeks, fixed at 4 ℃ 4% poly formaldehyde (PFA) liquid, embedded by paraffin for conducting sections, and stained by TRAP,toluidine blue(TB) and safranine O (Saf O)fast staining. Then the cartilage morphology change was observed and OC positive cells number with TRAP staining were semi-quantitatively detected,the OA cartilage destruction progression was evaluated by Mankin's method and SPSS17.0 statistics software was used to conduct statistical analysis. Results OC in the two groups showed the transient change of rapidly increasing and then decreasing. The OC number at 1 week in the control group (left knee) was (65.20±4.12) cells/mm2 ,and was gradually reduced at 2,4 weeks,which were (47.20±4.31) cells/mm and (26.20±3. 87) cells/mm2 ,which at 8 weeks was almost invisible, the number of cells was (7.00 ± 2.28) cells/mm2 ;the OC number at 1 week in the OA model group (right knee) was (70.40 ± 5.46) cells/mm2 ,increased to (86.20± 5.42)cells /mm2 at 2 weeks, reduced to (38. 0 ± 3.16) cells/mm2 at 4 weeks , was almost invisible at 8 weeks, the number of cells was (6.21 ± 2.93 ) cells/mm2 . The OC number at 2,4 weeks in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Large numbers of osteoclasts are proliferated in the early and middle stages of rat knee osteoarthritis, which indicating that OC might be involved in the formation of osteoarthritis.

Objective To understand the pathogen spectrum and epidemic status of major human parasites in Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,so as to provide the evidence for parasitic diseases control. Methods The survey sites were selected by the stratified cluster sampling method. The intestinal helminthic eggs were detected by Kato?Katz technique. The trophozoites or cysts of intestinal protozoa were detected by saline smear and iodine staining methods. The eggs of Enterubius vermicularis of chil?dren from 3 to 6 years old were detected by the cellophane anal swab method. The species of hookworm were identified by the fil?ter paper strip culture method. Results A total of 7 031 people were detected with the intestinal helminthic infective rate of 1.83%(129 cases). The major parasite was hookworm and there was a statistically significant difference of the infection rates among various parasites(c2=107.77,P<0.01). All the hookworm larvae were Necator americanus. No intestinal protozoon was detected. There were statistically significant differences of the infection rates among the counties(c2=25.77,P<0.01). The age of the patients was mainly focused on 30 and above years old and the infection rate was increased with the growth of age(c2=26.21,P<0.01). Farmers were the main population of the patients and there was a statistically significant difference of the in?fection rates between farmer and others(c2=29.67,P<0.01). Conclusions The infection rates of parasites are low and hook?worm is the main parasite in the pathogen spectrum in Chenzhou City. However,the infection factors still exist,therefore,effec?tive and scientific measures should be taken to consolidate the achievement.

Objective To study the iodine nutritional status among the key population in Chenzhou City of Hunan Province,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).Methods According to the "Hunan Iodized Salt Monitoring Pilot Scheme",total of 11 counties (cities,districts) were selected in Chenzhou City in 2015.One township was selected by east,west,south,north and center in each county (city,district).Four villages were drawn from each township,and 15 households were selected from each village to collect salt samples.Forty children aged 8 to 10 years old (half male half female) were selected from each primary school in each township.Urine samples were taken and the goiter was examined.Totally 20 pregnant women were selected from each township and urine samples were collected.The content of iodine in salt samples and urine samples were detected by the method of direct titration and As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry,respectively.The status of goiter was detected using palpation.Results Totally 3 300 salt samples were detected in 2015,the median of salt iodine content was 25.2 mg/kg.The coverage and qualified iodized salt consumption rates were 99.61％ (3 287/3 300) and 95.30％ (3 145/3 300),respectively,which achieved the standard for the elimination of IDD.Totally 2 200 urine samples of children aged 8 to 10 years old were tested,the median of urinary iodine was 238.98 μg/L.There was variations of urinary iodine in children aged 8 to 10 years old in each county (H =32.25,P ＜ 0.01).Totally 2 200 children aged 8 to 10 years old were checked,and no goiter was found.Totally 1 100 urine samples of pregnant women were detected,the median of urinary iodine was 204.25 μg/L.There was variations of urinary iodine in pregnant women in each county (H =117.47,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Totally,the iodine nutritional status among the key population is appropriate in Chenzhou City.However,surveillance and health education should be continuously strengthened in the future.

Objective To evaluate surgical treatment for different types of tumor of the suprarenal infrahepatic segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC).Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 8cases of IVC leiomyosarcoma at the suprarenal infrahepatic IVC segment.According to the extent of tumor invasion and collateral circulations,operations included tumor resection plus inferior vena cava reconstruction or tumor resection plus right nephrectomy.Results Tumors were completly resected in all patients.Renal function recovered after operation.During a follow up of 24 mons,7 cases had no recurrence.One case with recurrence after 12 months underwent successful resection and is doing well after a follow-up of 12 months.Conclusion CT and inferior vena cavography can determine the extent of tumor invasion and collateral circulations helping select appropriate surgical aproach before the operation resulting in less renal injury.