Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is a common multifactorial disease among the elderly, which may lead to irreversible vision loss; however, the pathogenesis of ARMD is still unclear. Metabolomics is a relatively new “omics” technique that can provide qualitative and quantitative information about low molecular weight metabolites that make up biological systems, thereby revealing the physiological or pathological state of cell or tissue samples at specific time points. In recent years, increasing evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction plays an important role in the development and progression of ARMD. Metabolic pathway dysregulation involves lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism, which may play important roles in the occurrence and development of ARMD. The retina is one of the most metabolically active tissues in the human body, so using metabolomics techniques to measure molecular changes in ARMD will further enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis. This will provide important insights for the prevention and treatment of ARMD, This article reviews the application of metabolomics in ARMD.

In order to provide basic information for the utilization and development of famous classical formulas containing Bletillae Rhizoma， this article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， harvesting and processing of Bletillae Rhizoma by reviewing the ancient materia medica， prescription books， medical books and modern literature. The research results showed that Baiji（白及） was the main name， some scholars took Baiji（白芨） as its main name， and there were many other names such as Baiji（白给）， Baigen（白根）， Baiji（白苙）. The mainstream source of Bletillae Rhizoma was the tubers of Bletilla striata， and drying， large， white， solid， root-free and skin removed completely were the good quality standards. With the promotion of wild to cultivated medicinal materials， there were certain differences between their traits， and the quality evaluation indexes should be adjusted accordingly. The origin of records in the past dynasties was widely distributed， with Guizhou and Sichuan having high production and good quality in modern times. The harvesting period is mostly in spring and autumn， and harvested in autumn was better. The processing and processing technology is relatively simple， and it was used fresh or powdered in past dynasties， while it is mainly sliced for raw use in modern times. Based on the results， it is suggested that the tubers of Bletilla striata of Orchidaceae should be used in the famous classical formulas， and it should be uniformly written as Baiji（白及）. And if the original formula indicates the requirement of processing， it should be operated according to the requirement， if the requirement of processing is not indicated， it can be used in raw form as medicine.

Objective To explore the content and psychometric properties of sarcopenia measurements for older adults. Methods Using the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF)linking and coding rules,a content analysis were conducted on the seven types of measurement tools for geriatric sarcopenia,including Strength,Assistance with walking,Rising from a chair,Climbing stairs,and Falls(SARC-F);Ishii Test;Mini Sar-copenia Risk Assessment-7(MSRA-7);6-minute walk test(6MWT);Barthel Index(BI);Short Physical Perfor-mance Battery(SPPB);and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHODAS 2.0),and psychometric property was explored. Results The seven measurement tools can be categorized into body functions and structures,activities and participation,and comprehensive categories.ICF coding for SARC-F involved muscle power functions(b730),walking(d450),changing basic body position(d410),etc.Ishii Test involved muscle power functions(b730)and weight maintenance functions(b530).MSRA-7 involved walking(d450),involuntary movement reaction functions(b755),muscle endurance functions(b740),etc.ICF coding for 6MWT involved walking(d450).SPPB involved changing basic body position(d410),control voluntary movement functions(b760),and walking(d450).BI in-volved eating(d550),drinking(d560),washing oneself(d510),caring for body parts(d520),etc.WHODAS 2.0 involved attention functions(b140),acquiring skills(d155),communication-receiving-verbal messages(d310),community life(d910),etc.SARC-F was low to medium in sensitivity,and medium to excellent in specificity.Ishii Test was medium to good in sensitivity,average to good in specificity,and good in diagnostic performance.MSRA-7 was medium to good in sensitivity,average in specificity,and average to medium in diagnostic perfor-mance,while MSRA-5 was average to good in sensitivity,average in specificity,and medium in diagnostic per-formance.6MWT was average to medium in sensitivity,and average in specificity.SPPB was average in sensitiv-ity,average to medium in specificity,and average to excellent in diagnostic performance.BI was good in reliabili-ty,and WHODAS 2.0 was excellent in reliability. Conclusion The measurement tools for sarcopenia can be categorized into body functions and structures,activities and participation,and comprehensive assessment tools combining the above.The psychometric properties of the sev-en measurement tools are low to excellent in sensitivity and average to excellent in specificity.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on intestinal flora and serum inflammatory factors in rabbit model with rheumatoid arthritis(RA);To explore the mechanism of its therapeutic effect on RA.Methods RA model rabbits were established by ovalbumin induction combined with Freund's complete adjuvant,and the rabbits after successful modeling were randomly divided into model group,probiotic group and electroacupuncture group,with 6 rabbits in each group.Another 6 rabbits were set as the normal group.The electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at the bilateral"Zusanli"and"Dubi"for 30 minutes,the probiotic group was given probiotic capsules solution(14.5 mg/kg)by gavage,once a day,for two consecutive weeks.The knee joint circumference and pain threshold of rabbits were measured,histopathological morphological changes of colonic tissue and synovial tissue ws observed by HE staining,16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze structural changes of intestinal flora,the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with the normal group,the circumference of knee joint of rabbits in the model group increased significantly,the pain threshold was significantly decreased(P<0.01);the colonic mucosal damage was serious,the goblet cells were missing,a large number of inflammatory cells were infiltrate;the joint capsule synovial surface was rough,the synovial cell layer was hyperplasia and thickening,the synovial tissue inflammatory cell infiltration was obvious;the number and evenness of gut microbiota species decreased,while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the relative abundance of Desulfobacteria increased(P<0.01),while the relative abundance of Campylobacter,Lawsonella,and Pseudomonas increased(P<0.01),while the relative abundance of Heshanomonas and Herbaspirillum decreased(P<0.01);the contents of serum TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the knee joint circumference of the probiotic group and the electroacupuncture group decreased,the pain threshold increased(P<0.01,P<0.05);the degree of intestinal mucosal damage was reduced,the goblet cells were basically arranged neatly,the inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced;synovial cells proliferation and thickening decreased,with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration;the number and evenness of gut microbiota species increased,while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the relative abundance of Desulfobacteria decreased(P<0.01),while the relative abundance of Campylobacter,Lawsonella and Pseudomonas decreased(P<0.01),the relative abundance of Heshanomonas and Herbaspirillum increased(P<0.05,P<0.01);the contents of serum TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can significantly improve the symptoms of RA rabbits and reduce the inflammatory reaction in synovial tissue of joint,and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of intestinal flora structure.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of static progressive stretch (SPS) with different parameters in the treatment of stiff knee in rats.Methods:Fifty-six male 8-week SD rats were randomly divided into an operation group ( n=48) and a blank group ( n=8, normal feeding rats without any treatment). The knee joints of the rats in the operation group were fixed with Kirschner wire for 4 weeks to create models of right knee flexion stiffness. The 42 rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n=7): the model group was executed and sampled after successful modeling, the spontaneous recovery group was not given any treatment after successful modeling, group T1 was given SPS treatment for 20 min once per day, group T2 was given SPS treatment for 30 min once per day, group T3 was given SPS treatment for 20 min once every 2 days, and group T4 was given SPS treatment for 30 min once every 2 days. After 16 days, the range of knee motion, number of myofibroblasts, and positive proportion of transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF- β1) in the joint capsule were detected and compared between groups. Results:The ranges of knee motion in the spontaneous recovery group and the 4 SPS treatment groups were significantly greater than those before treatment ( P<0.05), and the improvements in the range of knee motion in the 4 SPS treatment groups were significantly greater than that in the spontaneous recovery group ( P<0.05). The range of knee motion in group T2 (112.29°±1.89°) was improved the most significantly. The number of myofibroblasts was (23.72±10.75)/HP, which was significantly smaller than that in T3 group [(55.72±33.56)/HP] or in T4 group [(50.72±33.34)/HP] ( P<0.05). The positive proportions of TGF- β1 in the joint capsule in the 4 SPS treatment groups were significantly lower than that in the model group, and the positive proportion of TGF- β1 in the joint capsule in group T2 (0.51%±0.38%) was significantly lower than those in group T3 and T4 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:As SPS treatment can reduce the expression of TGF- β1 in the joint and inhibit the excessive proliferation of myofibroblasts to alleviate the pathological changes in a stiff knee, it has a significant effect on the stiff knee in rats. The SPS treatment for 30 minutes and once per day may lead to the best efficacy.

In many neurodegenerative diseases,eye movement is disrupted,which is a common and early characteris-tic of neurodegenerative diseases.Characterizing eye movement is important for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disea-ses,helping to track disease progression and response to treatment.In recent years,eye tracking technology has been ap-plied to the assessment of cognitive function in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.Compared to traditional cognitive assessment methods,the technology has higher temporal and spatial resolution for sensitive quantification.Eye tracking da-ta confirms that executive dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,while attention deficit is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.Research using eye tracking to evaluate the cogni-tive function of epilepsy patients is still in its early stages,but this method has shown advantages.In this article,the appli-cation of eye tracking technology in neurodegenerative diseases is reviewed.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of the modified central short incision minimally invasive double eyelid surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent the modified procedure at Chengdu Badachu Medical Aesthetic Hospital from September 2018 to January 2023. The modification involved extending the traditional central short incision to retain the outer fascial membrane of the orbicularis oculi muscle through shallow layer dissection. At five marked points, the skin and muscle layers of both the upper and lower eyelids were fixed to the pre-tarsal fascia. The upper eyelid orbital septum was also repositioned, postoperative evaluations were performed by doctors, scoring the upper eyelid (0-8 points, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction) and the incision was intermittently sutured. Patient satisfaction was investigated 3 months after surgery by outpatient questionnaires or telephone follow-up.Results:Ninety-four patients (147 eyelids, including 31 with ptosis) were included. There were 28 males (49 eyelids) and 66 females (98 eyelids), aged 20-41 years, with an average age of 29.7 years. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months, averaging 14 months. All incisions healed without infection, scar hyperplasia, or corneal injuries. Two cases required revision surgery for shallow folds. The remaining patients had smooth, full eyelid folds with hidden, flat incisions. Doctors evaluated the postoperative effect: 141 cases were satisfied, 4 cases were general and 2 cases were dissatisfied. Patient satisfaction: 142 cases were satisfied and above, 3 cases were generally satisfied and 2 cases were dissatisfied.Conclusion:The modified central short incision minimally invasive double eyelid surgery fully exposes the surgical field, corrects ptosis, expands indications and is simple, minimally traumatic, quick to recover from, with minimal scarring and natural result.It is an optimal method for minimally invasive double eyelid surgery.

The new-generation non-invasive prenatal screening technology (NIPT2.0) is a new method successfully realized in recent years based on high-throughput sequencing to synchronously and accurately detect fetal chromosomal aneuploidies, microdeletion/microduplication syndromes and dominantly inherited monogenic disorders. NIPT2.0 can circumvent the shortcomings of previous non-invasive prenatal screening techniques (NIPT and NIPT Plus) including incapability to detect fetal monogenic disorders, insufficient accuracy of detection and low positive predictive values for certain chromosomal abnormalities (in particular trisomy 13, sex chromosomal abnormalities, and small-segment microdeletions and microduplication syndromes). How to apply NIPT2.0 reasonably and normatively to maximize its clinical value has become an issue which requires clarification. The Reproductive Health Branch of the Chinese Maternal and Child Health Care Association has organized experts to fully discuss and jointly drafted this consensus, which has put forwards suggestions over the clinical application strategy for NIPT2.0, including the scope of application, target disease, pre-test consultation, clinical application pathway, post-test genetic counseling and intervention, quality control and limitations, for the reference by peers, with a view to standardize its application and provide better clinical service.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of the modified central short incision minimally invasive double eyelid surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent the modified procedure at Chengdu Badachu Medical Aesthetic Hospital from September 2018 to January 2023. The modification involved extending the traditional central short incision to retain the outer fascial membrane of the orbicularis oculi muscle through shallow layer dissection. At five marked points, the skin and muscle layers of both the upper and lower eyelids were fixed to the pre-tarsal fascia. The upper eyelid orbital septum was also repositioned, postoperative evaluations were performed by doctors, scoring the upper eyelid (0-8 points, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction) and the incision was intermittently sutured. Patient satisfaction was investigated 3 months after surgery by outpatient questionnaires or telephone follow-up.Results:Ninety-four patients (147 eyelids, including 31 with ptosis) were included. There were 28 males (49 eyelids) and 66 females (98 eyelids), aged 20-41 years, with an average age of 29.7 years. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months, averaging 14 months. All incisions healed without infection, scar hyperplasia, or corneal injuries. Two cases required revision surgery for shallow folds. The remaining patients had smooth, full eyelid folds with hidden, flat incisions. Doctors evaluated the postoperative effect: 141 cases were satisfied, 4 cases were general and 2 cases were dissatisfied. Patient satisfaction: 142 cases were satisfied and above, 3 cases were generally satisfied and 2 cases were dissatisfied.Conclusion:The modified central short incision minimally invasive double eyelid surgery fully exposes the surgical field, corrects ptosis, expands indications and is simple, minimally traumatic, quick to recover from, with minimal scarring and natural result.It is an optimal method for minimally invasive double eyelid surgery.

Objective:To investigate the changes of biventricular myocardial strain in amateur marathon runners using the cardiac MR feature tracking (CMR-FT) technique.Methods:Forty-one amateur marathon runners (marathon exercise group) and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited according to the inclusion criteria. After the kinematic parameters were obtained, all subjects underwent a CMR cine sequence imaging. The CMR images were post-processed using CVI42 software. The biventricular function parameters including end-diastole/end-systolic volume (EDV/ESV), end-diastole/end-systolic volume index (EDVI/ESVI), end-diastole/end-systolic myocardial mass (MMD/MMS), end-diastole/end-systolic myocardial mass index (MMDI/MMSI), stroke volume and index (SV/SVI), cardiac index (CI) and ejection fraction (EF), as well as the biventricular myocardial strain parameters including global radial/circumferential/longitudinal strain (GRS/GCS/GLS), global radial/circumferential/longitudinal diastolic strain rate (GRSDr/GCSDr/GLSDr) were measured and calculated. Demographic data, kinematic index, cardiac function and myocardial strain parameters were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with the control group, the exercise group showed significant decrease heart rates ( P<0.001). It was found that the left ventricular function parameters (ESVI, MMD, MMDI, MMS, MMSI) and the right ventricular function parameters (EDVI, ESVI) of the exercise group were significantly higher than those of control group (all P<0.05); while the left ventricular strain parameters (GCS, GRSDr, GCSDr, GLSDr) and the right ventricular strain parameters (GRSDr, GLSDr) were of the exercise group were significantly lower than those of control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Amateur marathon runners have lower myocardial strain capacity and higher left ventricular myocardial mass. The ventricular diastolic strain rate may sensitively reflect the compensatory changes of ventricular function with the normal ejection fraction.