Cognitive disorders refer to diseases that affect an individual's thinking, memory, learning, and understanding abilities. Common cognitive disorders include Alzheimer's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. The pathogenesis of these diseases may involve neuroplasticity (especially synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitters changes, and neurotrophic factor levels), neuroinflammation, cerebral hemodynamics, and brain electrical rhythms; however, treatments have not yet made significant breakthroughs. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (LITUS) is an emerging non-invasive therapeutic approach that improves cognitive function by stimulating specific brain regions with low-intensity ultrasound waves, thereby regulating neuronal activity. While LITUS has shown promising efficacy in treating cognitive disorders, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This paper focuses on the relation of LITUS with synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release, neurotrophic factor regulation, neuroinflammatory response, cerebral hemodynamic regulation, and cerebral electrical rhythm regulation, aiming to provide new ideas for treatment of cognitive disorders.

tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs that are involved in the occurrence and progression of diverse diseases. However, their exact presence and function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Here, differentially expressed tsRNAs in HCC were profiled. A novel tsRNA, tRNA^Gln-TTG derived 5'-tiRNA-Gln, is significantly downregulated, and its expression level is correlated with progression in patients. In HCC cells, 5'-tiRNA-Gln overexpression impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo, while 5'-tiRNA-Gln knockdown yielded opposite results. 5'-tiRNA-Gln exerted its function by binding eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I (EIF4A1), which unwinds complex RNA secondary structures during translation initiation, causing the partial inhibition of translation. The suppressed downregulated proteins include ARAF, MEK1/2 and STAT3, causing the impaired signaling pathway related to HCC progression. Furthermore, based on the construction of a mutant 5'-tiRNA-Gln, the sequence of forming intramolecular G-quadruplex structure is crucial for 5'-tiRNA-Gln to strongly bind EIF4A1 and repress translation. Clinically, 5'-tiRNA-Gln expression level is negatively correlated with ARAF, MEK1/2, and STAT3 in HCC tissues. Collectively, these findings reveal that 5'-tiRJNA-Gln interacts with EIF4A1 to reduce related mRNA binding through the intramolecular G-quadruplex structure, and this process partially inhibits translation and HCC progression.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology* ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology* ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4A/genetics* ; Cell Line ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism* ; RNA ; Cell Proliferation

Objective:To investigate the effect of multiple medications on the risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)in the elderly.Methods:Clinical data of 85 inpatients in the Department of Geriatrics, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University undergone HMBT from August 2017 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the HMBT results, they were divided into a SIBO(+ )group and a SIBO(-)group.Polypharmacy was defined as ≥ 5 types of medications.We analyzed the difference in the rate of polypharmacy between the two groups.Results:A total of 85 hospitalized elderly patients were included in the study.Of these patients, 38(44.71%)tested positive for SIBO.Polypharmacy occurred in 41 patients(48.24%). There were significant differences in types of drugs and polypharmacy between the SIBO(+ )group and the SIBO(-)group( t=3.01 and χ2=14.33, P<0.05 for both). Moreover, polypharmacy was a risk factor for SIBO( P=0.017, OR=10.85, 95% CI: 1.52-77.29). Among 14 commonly used drugs, gastrointestinal motility drugs were closely related to SIBO.There was a positive correlation between polypharmacy and the change in hydrogen levels at 90 min( P=0.040, r=0.22, 95% CI: 0.01-0.42). Conclusions:Polypharmacy is correlated with SIBO in the elderly, is a risk factor for SIBO and is helpful in clinical practice to assess the risk of SIBO and decide further examinations, contributing to early diagnosis and early treatment.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes between open reduction and fixation with cannulated screws via the modified Burks-Schaffer approach versus arthroscopic EndoButton plating for avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament(PCL).Methods From February 2013 to August 2017,41 patients with acute displaced avulsion fracture of the tibial PCL attachment were treated operatively at Department of Trauma Surgery,The Affiliated Hospital to Qingdao University.They were 24 men and 17 women,aged from 18 to 65 years (average,39 years).The lefi knee was injured in 22cases and the right knee in 19.They were divided into 2 groups according to their different fixation methods.The open reduction and fixation group (23 cases) received open reduction and fixation with cannulated screws via the modified Burks-Schaffer approach while the arthroscopic group (18 cases) arthroscopic Endobutton plating.The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time,bleeding,objective knee scores and knee range of motion (ROM) after operation.Results All the 41 patients were followed up from 23 to 40months (average,27.2 months).Their follow-up revealed no incision infection,malunion,nonunion or loosening of the implants.Their knee X-ray films at the final follow-ups showed bony union of all the avulsion fractures.There were significant differences between the open reduction and fixation group and the arthroscopic group in operation time (52.6±7.3 min versus 86.8±9.2 min) and bleeding (63.9±12.7 mL versus 19.7 ± 10.2 mL) (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the objective knee scores or knee ROM between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Both open reduction and cannulated screw fixation via the modified Burks-Schaffer approach and arthroscopic EndoButton plating can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes in the treatment of avulsion fracture of the tibial PCL attachment.Although the 2 methods make no significant differences in stability of the knee joint or in clinical scores,the latter leads to less bleeding and the former shorter operation time.

Objective To investigate the value of early trophic feeding on maintenance of the integrity of intestinal mucosa barrier in severe traumatic patients.Methods The seriously traumatic patients were eligible for enrollment to this study from January 1st,2014 to March 31st,2015 in the intensive care unit of Xiangcheng People's Hospital.All patients were randomly divided into early enteral nutrition (EEN)group and the control group.Within 12 to 24 hours after ICU admission,all patients were fed on enteral nutrition.In the EEN group,the nutrient was reached to 25％ of target nutrient amount [104.6 kJ/ (kg · d)],and in the control group,the nutrition was reached to 60％ of the target nutrient amount.Comparisons of feeding intolerance,incidence of newly developed lung infection,the total length of hospital stay,ICU medical costs,and the markers of mucosa barrier function including lactulose/mannitol ratios (L/M),serum lactic acid level,and diamine oxidase (the first day,the third day and the seventh day) between two groups were carried out.Results Of them,56 patients were treated with early enteral nutrition.Early enteral feeding intolerance and ICU associated infection complications were significantly lower in EEN group than those in control group (P =0.012,P =0.046).There were no significant differences in ICU associated infection complications,the length of ICU stay,the length of hospital stay,ICU medical costs,L/M ratios,D-lactic acid level and diamine oxidase concentration between the two groups (P=0.135,P=0.126,P =0.223,P =0.235).Conclusions Under the seriously traumatic stress,the significantly increased intestinal mucosal permeability will be occurred early.In patients with early trophic feeding,the intestinal mucous membrane barrier function can be improved,thus decreasing ICU associated infection complications and incidence of feeding intolerance.