Objective:To evaluate the self-assessed and proxy-assessed quality of life among disabled elderly individuals aged 60 and above in Chengdu,analyze the factors influencing these assessments,and assess the consistency between these two types of outcomes and the feasibility of proxy assessments.Methods:The quality of life for disabled elderly individuals is measured using the EQ-5D-5L for both self-assessments and proxy assessments.Consistency testing is conducted using weighted Kappa and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient(ICC).Univariate and differential analyses are performed with the Mann-Whitney/Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests,respectively.The analysis of influencing factors employs generalized linear model regression.Results:The results of proxy assessments are slightly higher than those of self-assessments.The consistency between self-assessed and proxy-assessed health utility values and EQ-VAS scores is good(with ICC values exceeding 0.7),while the consistency across various dimensions is fair to moderate(with weighted Kappa values approximately between 0.4 and 0.5).The degree of disability,economic status,outdoor activities and sleep,the relationship between caregivers and the elderly,and whether caregivers possess relevant caregiving knowledge,all have a statistically significant impact on the quality of life of disabled elderly individuals and the differences between self-assessed and proxy-assessed outcomes(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The quality of life of disabled elderly individuals is significantly lower than that of the general population.It is essential to consider various related factors to enhance the quality of life for these individuals.The EQ-5D-5L proxy assessment results from their primary caregivers can serve as a supplement to the self-assessment results of disabled elderly individuals.However,individual dimensions should be applied with caution,taking into account the characteristics and individual differences of the evaluated population,types of proxies,and measurement tools used.

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD),as a major causative agent of end-stage renal disease(ESRD),has a complex pathogenesis in which mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid metabolism disorders play key roles.Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation,and creates lipotoxicity,which is the key to podocyte damage in DKD.Meanwhile,lipid metabolism disorder exacerbates ectopic accumulation of fat,activates inflammation and oxidative stress,and affects insulin signalling,which further inhibits mitochondrial function and drives DKD progression.Therefore,an in-depth understanding of the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and podocyte lipid metabolism in DKD is important for DKD treatment.This review discusses the basic profiles of DKD,mitochondrial dysfunction,and podocyte lipid metabolism,and their interactions,as well as discussing the current status of the DKD treatment,with a view to providing references for the research and treatment of DKD.

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)among close contacts of positive etiology pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)patients,provide basis for formula-ting intervention measures for LTBI.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select close contacts of positive etiology PTB patients from 39 districts and counties in Chongqing City as the study objects.Demographic information was collected by questionnaire survey and the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by interferon gamma release assay(IGRA).The influencing factors of LTBI were analyzed by x2 test and binary logistic regression model.Results A total of 2 591 close contacts were included,the male to female ratio was 0.69∶1,with the mean age of(35.72±16.64)years.1 058 cases of LTBI were detected,Myco-bacterium tuberculosis latent infection rate was 40.83％.Univariate analysis showed that the infection rate was dif-ferent among peoples of different age,body mass index(BMI),occupation,education level,marital status,wheth-er they had chronic disease or major surgery history,whether they lived together with the indicator case,and whether the cumulative contact time with the indicator case ≥250 hours,difference were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05);infection rate presented increased trend with the increase of age and BMI(both P＜0.001),and decreased trend with the increase of education(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age 45-54 years old(OR=1.951,95％CI:1.031-3.693),age 55-64 years old(OR=2.473,95％CI:1.279-4.781),other occupations(OR=0.530,95％CI:0.292-0.964),teachers(OR=0.439,95％CI:0.242-0.794),students(OR=0.445,95％CI:0.233-0.851),junior high school education or below(OR=1.412,95％CI:1.025-1.944),BMI＜18.5 kg/m2(OR=0.762,95％CI:0.586-0.991),co-living with indicator cases(OR=1.621,95％CI1.316-1.997)and cumu-lative contact time with indicator cases ≥250 hours(OR=1.292,95％CI:1.083-1.540)were the influential fac-tors for LTBI(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The close contacts with positive etiology PTB have a high latent infection rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and it is necessary to pay attention to close contacts of high age,farmers,and frequent contact with patients,and take timely targeted interventions to reduce the risk of occurrence of disease.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous closure of foramen ovale guided by transthoracic echocardio-graphy with simply delivery sheath.Methods The clinical data of patients with patent foramen ovale underwent interventional closure and percutaneous closure guided by transthoracic echocardiography with simply delivery sheath in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively,the patients were divided into interventional closure group(40 cases)and simply delivery sheath group(39 cases).The operation time,incidence of surgical complications,and surgical success rates of patients in the two groups were compared.The closure effect were evaluated by ultrasound immediately after surgery.All the patients were followed up for 6 months after surgery to evaluate remission of the symptoms.Results The surgical success rate of simply delivery sheath group(100%)was higher than that of interventional closure group(90.0%),with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The operation time of simply delivery sheath group was longer than that of interventional closure group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).One patient in the interventional closure group had small amount of pericardial effusion during the operation.Two patients had decreased blood pressure and slowed heart rate in simply delivery sheath group,and symptoms disappeared after treatment.There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).After 6-month follow-up,all occluders were in good position and no residual leakage was found.The symptoms of headache or dizziness disappeared in 28 patients in interventional closure group,significantly relieved in 8 patients;the symptoms of headache or dizziness disappeared in 30 patients in simply delivery sheath group,and significantly relieved in 9 patients.Conclusion Percutaneous closure for patent foramen ovale under the guidence of transthoracic echocardiography with simply delivery sheath is safe and feasible with satisfactory efficacy and higher successful rate without radiation hazard.It is worthy of clinical promotion.

Background::A phase II trial on recombinant human tenecteplase tissue-type plasminogen activator (rhTNK-tPA) has previously shown its preliminary efficacy in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. This study was designed as a pivotal postmarketing trial to compare its efficacy and safety with rrecombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator alteplase (rt-PA) in Chinese patients with STEMI.Methods::In this multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial, patients with acute STEMI were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive an intravenous bolus of 16 mg rhTNK-tPA or an intravenous bolus of 8 mg rt-PA followed by an infusion of 42 mg in 90 min. The primary endpoint was recanalization defined by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade 2 or 3. The secondary endpoint was clinically justified recanalization. Other endpoints included 30-day major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and safety endpoints.Results::From July 2016 to September 2019, 767 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive rhTNK-tPA ( n = 384) or rt-PA ( n = 383). Among them, 369 patients had coronary angiography data on TIMI flow, and 711 patients had data on clinically justified recanalization. Both used a –15% difference as the non-inferiority efficacy margin. In comparison to rt-PA, both the proportion of patients with TIMI grade 2 or 3 flow (78.3% [148/189] vs. 81.7% [147/180]; differences: –3.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –11.5%, 4.8%) and clinically justified recanalization (85.4% [305/357] vs. 85.9% [304/354]; difference: –0.5%; 95% CI: –5.6%, 4.7%) in the rhTNK-tPA group were non-inferior. The occurrence of 30-day MACCEs (10.2% [39/384] vs. 11.0% [42/383]; hazard ratio: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.50) did not differ significantly between groups. No safety outcomes significantly differed between groups. Conclusion::rhTNK-tPA was non-inferior to rt-PA in the effect of improving recanalization of the infarct-related artery, a validated surrogate of clinical outcomes, among Chinese patients with acute STEMI.Trial registration::www.ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT02835534).

Pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a discipline that adopts pharmacokinetic research methods and techniques under the guidance of TCM theories to elucidate the dynamic changes in the absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion of active ingredients,active sites,single-flavour Chinese medicinal and compounded formulas of TCM in vivo.However,the sources and components of TCM are complex,and the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanisms of action of the majority of TCM are not yet clear,so the pharmacokinetic study of TCM is later than that of chemical medicines,and is far more complex than that of chemical medicines,and its development also confronts with challenges.The pharmacokinetic study of TCM originated in the 1950s and has experienced more than 70 years of development from the initial in vivo study of a single active ingredient,to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of active ingredients,to the pharmacokinetic study of compound and multi-component of Chinese medicine.In recent years,with the help of advanced extraction,separation and analysis technologies,gene-editing animals and cell models,multi-omics technologies,protein purification and structure analysis technologies,and artificial intelligence,etc.,the pharmacokinetics of TCM has been substantially applied in revealing and elucidating the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanisms of action of Chinese medicines,research and development of new drugs of TCM,scientific and technological upgrading of large varieties of Chinese patent medicines,as well as guiding the rational use of medicines in clinics.Pharmacokinetic studies of TCM have made remarkable breakthroughs and significant development in theory,methodology,technology and application.In this paper,the history of the development of pharmacokinetics of TCM and the progress of cutting-edge research was reviewed,with the aim of providing ideas and references for the pharmacokinetics of TCM and related research.

Objective Explore a non-contact physiological and psychological detection model based on facial video in simulations of weightlessness effects,research new methods for non-contact heart rate and negative mood state detection in long-term simulations of weightlessness effect analysis.Methods Construct a non-contact physiological and psychological data collection system for fusion analysis of visible light and thermal infrared videos.Collect physiological and psychological data of volunteers in the"Earth Star-Ⅱ"90-day head-down bed rest experiment.A non-contact heart rate detection model based on GCN facial multi-region feature fusion and a non-contact negative mood state detection model considering data reliability were constructed,and the effectiveness of the models were validated with finger clip heart rate and POMS-SF scale as labels.Results The experimental results show that the average difference in the Bland-Altman plot of the non-contact heart rate detection model is-1.26 bpm,and 96.3%of value error detection data falls within the 95%confidence interval,indicating a high consistency between the model detected heart rate and the finger clip heart rate.The non-contact negative mood state detection model achieves an accuracy of>0.85 for detecting tension,depression,anger,and fatigue.Features such as heart rate,AU06,eye gaze,and head pose were observed to be important to mood state detection.Conclusion Non-contact physiological and psychological detection methods not only can be utilized for long-term physiological analysis in simulations of weightlessness effects,but also provide a novel technical approach for on-orbit astronauts health assurance during long-term space flight in the future.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and adverse prognosis associated with initial non-invasive ventilation(NIV)failure in very low birth weight infants(VLBWI)with gestational age<32 weeks.Methods A retrospective collection of clinical data from preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)in 28 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province from January 2019 to December 2021 was conducted.Based on the outcomes of initial NIV,the infants were divided into a successful group and a failure group to analyze the risk factors for NIV failure and adverse prognosis.Results A total of 817 infants were included,with 453 males(55.4%)and 139 failures(17.0%).The failure group had lower gestational age,birth weight,and 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores compared to the successful group(P<0.05).The failure group also had a higher proportion of respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)diagnosed upon NICU admission,higher maximum positive end-expiratory pressure during NIV,and higher percentages of reaching the required maximum fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO2)≥30%,≥35%,and≥40%throughout the initial NIV process compared to the successful group(P<0.05).Gestational age(OR=0.671,95%CI:0.581-0.772),RDS(OR=1.955,95%CI:1.181-3.366),and FiO2≥30%(OR=2.053,95%CI:1.106-4.044)were identified as risk factors for initial NIV failure in these infants with gestational age<32 weeks(P<0.05).The failure group had higher incidences of complications such as pulmonary infections,pneumothorax,retinopathy of prematurity,moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia,and severe intraventricular hemorrhage during hospitalization,as well as longer hospital stays and higher total costs compared to the successful group(P<0.05).Conclusions Smaller gestational age,a diagnosis of RDS in the NICU,and achieving a maximum FiO2≥30%during the initial NIV process are risk factors for initial NIV failure in infants with gestational age<32 weeks.Initial NIV failure significantly increases the risk of adverse outcomes in this population.

Objective:To evaluate the self-assessed and proxy-assessed quality of life among disabled elderly individuals aged 60 and above in Chengdu,analyze the factors influencing these assessments,and assess the consistency between these two types of outcomes and the feasibility of proxy assessments.Methods:The quality of life for disabled elderly individuals is measured using the EQ-5D-5L for both self-assessments and proxy assessments.Consistency testing is conducted using weighted Kappa and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient(ICC).Univariate and differential analyses are performed with the Mann-Whitney/Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests,respectively.The analysis of influencing factors employs generalized linear model regression.Results:The results of proxy assessments are slightly higher than those of self-assessments.The consistency between self-assessed and proxy-assessed health utility values and EQ-VAS scores is good(with ICC values exceeding 0.7),while the consistency across various dimensions is fair to moderate(with weighted Kappa values approximately between 0.4 and 0.5).The degree of disability,economic status,outdoor activities and sleep,the relationship between caregivers and the elderly,and whether caregivers possess relevant caregiving knowledge,all have a statistically significant impact on the quality of life of disabled elderly individuals and the differences between self-assessed and proxy-assessed outcomes(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The quality of life of disabled elderly individuals is significantly lower than that of the general population.It is essential to consider various related factors to enhance the quality of life for these individuals.The EQ-5D-5L proxy assessment results from their primary caregivers can serve as a supplement to the self-assessment results of disabled elderly individuals.However,individual dimensions should be applied with caution,taking into account the characteristics and individual differences of the evaluated population,types of proxies,and measurement tools used.

Objective:To evaluate the self-assessed and proxy-assessed quality of life among disabled elderly individuals aged 60 and above in Chengdu,analyze the factors influencing these assessments,and assess the consistency between these two types of outcomes and the feasibility of proxy assessments.Methods:The quality of life for disabled elderly individuals is measured using the EQ-5D-5L for both self-assessments and proxy assessments.Consistency testing is conducted using weighted Kappa and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient(ICC).Univariate and differential analyses are performed with the Mann-Whitney/Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests,respectively.The analysis of influencing factors employs generalized linear model regression.Results:The results of proxy assessments are slightly higher than those of self-assessments.The consistency between self-assessed and proxy-assessed health utility values and EQ-VAS scores is good(with ICC values exceeding 0.7),while the consistency across various dimensions is fair to moderate(with weighted Kappa values approximately between 0.4 and 0.5).The degree of disability,economic status,outdoor activities and sleep,the relationship between caregivers and the elderly,and whether caregivers possess relevant caregiving knowledge,all have a statistically significant impact on the quality of life of disabled elderly individuals and the differences between self-assessed and proxy-assessed outcomes(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The quality of life of disabled elderly individuals is significantly lower than that of the general population.It is essential to consider various related factors to enhance the quality of life for these individuals.The EQ-5D-5L proxy assessment results from their primary caregivers can serve as a supplement to the self-assessment results of disabled elderly individuals.However,individual dimensions should be applied with caution,taking into account the characteristics and individual differences of the evaluated population,types of proxies,and measurement tools used.