Objective:To study the effects of chronic fluoride exposure on spatial learning and memory and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in hippocampus of second offspring (F2 generation) rats.Methods:Sixteen clean-grade healthy SD pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups according to their body mass [(200 ± 50) g] using a random number table method: the control group [0 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF)], and the low, medium, and high fluoride groups (60, 120, 240 mg/L NaF), with four rats in each group. Fluoride exposure was carried out from the 0th day of pregnancy to the 21st day of birth (PND21) of first offspring (F1 generation) rats through free drinking water. The F1 generation rats continued to be exposed to fluoride at the same dose and method as the female rats in the same group until the 90th day of birth (PND90). Six rats (male to female ratio 2∶1) were selected from each group and housed together. Female F1 were continuously exposed with the same method until PND21 of the F2 generation rats. Eight F2 generation rats (4 males and 4 females, with a male to female ratio of 1∶1 in the same litter) were randomly selected from each group and exposed to NaF with corresponding concentrations from PND22 to PND90. Before the execution of F2 generation rats, Morris water maze experiment was used to examine spatial learning and memory ability. After execution, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in the hippocampus, respectively.Results:Compared with the control group days 2 - 4 [(46.72 ± 4.24), (24.87 ± 3.15), (14.10 ± 2.52) s], the escape latency of F2 generation rats was prolonged in the medium and high fluoride groups on the second day [(53.96 ± 3.45), (54.48 ± 6.20) s] and on the fourth day [(19.47 ± 2.51), (25.02 ± 3.86) s], and in the low, medium and high fluoride groups on the third day [(32.37 ± 4.56), (37.32 ± 4.65), (41.79 ± 7.08) s, P < 0.05]. Compared with the control group, the first arrival time of F2 generation rats in the high fluoride group was prolonged, while the number of crossing platforms in both the medium and high fluoride groups decreased ( P < 0.05). Except for mTOR mRNA in the low fluoride group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR in the hippocampus of rats in all other exposure groups were lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that NaF concentration was positively correlated with the escape latency and the first arrival time of F2 generation rats on days 1 - 4 ( r = 0.44, 0.57, 0.79, 0.80, 0.58, P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with the mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR in the hippocampus of F2 generation rats, as well as the number of crossing platforms ( r = - 0.71, - 0.67, - 0.73, - 0.61, - 0.58, - 0.71, - 0.82, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Chronic fluoride exposure can lead to spatial learning and memory impairment in F2 generation rats, and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the hippocampus.

Objective:To explore the current situation of turnover intention of male nurses in Shanghai and its influencing factors.Methods:From March 2017 and August 2017, this study selected 349 male nurses at all levels of hospitals in Shanghai by snowball sampling to carry out questionnaire survey through internet questionnaire distribution platform. The questionnaire consisted of the General Demographic Characteristics, Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) , Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) and the Organization Commitment Scale.Results:Among 349 male nurses in Shanghai, the score of turnover intention was (15.43±3.48) , 274 of them were with a high level of turnover intention accounting for 78.49%. There were statistical differences in the scores of turnover intention among male nurses with different positional titles and night shifts ( P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the important influencing factors of turnover intention of male nurses included the emotional burnout, emotional commitment, ideal commitment and economic commitment, in which the emotional burnout was the strongest predictor and the emotional commitment was the strongest protective factor. Conclusions:The turnover intention of male nurses is in the high level. The important influencing factors of turnover intention of male nurses include the job burnout and organizational commitment except for positional titles and night shifts. Nursing managers should pay attention to the cultivation of emotions for hospital and profession among male nurses so as to reduce male nurses' turnover intention and stabilize the male nursing team.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of clinical pathology, diagnosis, and prognosis of primary renal lymphoma (PRL).Methods: The clinical features, pathological features, immune phenotypes, treatment, and prognosis of 22 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The PRL patients' ages ranged from 2 to 72 years (mean, 54.3 years), of which 13 patients were older than 50 years (59.1%). All of the 22 patients were diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), including 20 cases of B-cell lymphoma and 2 cases of T-cell lymphoma. Seven patients were still alive and survived for 6-50 months, but the other 15 were dead and survived for only 5-35 months. Conclusion: PRL is uncommon. Clinical manifestations and imaging performance specificity are not obvious. and easily misdiagnosed. Histopathology is still the golden standard for the final diagnosis of this entity. The kidney is most easily involved followed by the bladder. B-cell NHL is the common subtype, and the most common type is the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Up to now,no standard regime could be performed for PRL patients. At present, comprehensive therapy, including surgery and chemotherapy, is recommended. For patients with locally advanced or highly aggressive status, therapeutic effect with chemotherapy alone is usually satisfied.

Background:The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is increasing recently. However,the pathogenesis has not been fully clarified. Aims:To investigate the expressions and significance of interleukin-22( IL-22),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)in peripheral blood of patients with IBD. Methods:A total of 80 patients with IBD admitted from May 2011 to Nov. 2014 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were enrolled,in which 43 cases were Crohn’s disease(CD),37 cases were ulcerative colitis(UC). Forty healthy subjects were served as normal controls. Peripheral levels of IL-22,MMP-9 and MIF were detected by ELISA. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze IL-22,MMP-9 and MIF in active CD and UC and ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these markers for screening of active CD and UC. Results:Compared with normal control group,peripheral levels of IL-22,MMP-9 and MIF increased significantly in CD and UC groups(P <0. 05),while no significant difference was found between CD and UC groups(P > 0. 05). Peripheral levels of IL-22, MMP-9 and MIF in active CD and UC were significantly higher than those in remission stage(P < 0. 05). For screening of active IBD,the area under ROC curve(AUC)of combined detection of IL-22 and MMP-9(0. 853 for CD,0. 867 for UC) was superior to that of IL-22,MMP-9 or MIF only(0. 747,0. 770 and 0. 699 for CD,0. 774,0. 815 and 0. 761 for UC). Conclusions:Peripheral levels of IL-22,MMP-9 and MIF increase markedly in IBD patients,which are correlated closely with the activity of IBD. Combined detection of IL-22 and MMP-9 might greatly increase the accuracy for screening of active IBD.