OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside （TWM） on renal injury in diabetic nephropathy （DN） rats through tumor protein p53/microRNA-214 （miR-214）/UNC-51-like kinase 1 （ULK1） axis. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （n＝6） and modeling group （n＝28）； the modeling group was fed with high fat and high glucose plus intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish DN model. The modeled rats were randomly divided into model group， valsartan group [8.33 mg/（kg·d）] and TWM group[6.25 mg/（kg·d）]， with 8 rats in each group. Rats in each group were gavaged with the corresponding medication or normal saline， once a day， for 6 consecutive weeks. After the last medication， liver and renal function indexes [24 h urinary total protein （24 h-UTP）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum creatinine （SCr）， albumin （ALB）， alanine transaminase （ALT）]， blood lipid indexes （triglycerides， total cholesterol） and blood glucose index （fasting blood glucose） in urine/blood sample of rats were detected in each group. Renal pathologic change was observed， protein and mRNA expressions of p53， ULK1， Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， and expression of miR-214 in renal tissue were also determined. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， the renal tubular epithelium of rats in the model group showed obvious edema， cell swelling， accompanied by lymphocyte infiltration； the levels of 24h-UTP， BUN， SCr， ALT and glycolipid indexes， the expressions of p53 protein and mRNA， as well as the expression of miR-214 in rats in the model group and administration groups were significantly increased or up-regulated， while ALB level， LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ， the expressions of LC3 mRNA， the expressions of ULK1， Beclin-1 protein and mRNA were significantly decreased or down-regulated （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the histopathological damage of the kidney in rats was improved in administration groups； the levels of 24 h-UTP， BUN， SCr， ALT and glycolipid indexes， the expressions of p53 protein and mRNA， as well as the expression of miR-214 were all significantly decreased or down-regulated， while ALB level， LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ， the expressions of LC3 mRNA， the expressions of ULK1 and Beclin-1 protein and mRNA were significantly increased or up-regulated （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS TG can alleviate renal damage in DN rats， and improve their liver and renal function， as well as glucose and lipid levels. These effects may be related to the regulation of the p53/miR-214/ULK1 axis and the restoration of cellular autophagy.

ObjectiveTo establish a qualitative and quantitative analysis method for chemical constituents in Liu Junzitang（LJZT）， and to clarify its material basis. MethodThe chemical constituents in LJZT were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）， and the resulting compounds were identified by using databases， such as MassBank， PubChem， ChemSpider， Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analytical Platform（TCMSP）， and by combining with relevant literature. UPLC was used to establish a quantitative method for analysis of 9 compounds in LJZT， including liquiritin， hesperidin， lobetyolin， liquiritigenin， glycyrrhizic acid， nobiletin， tangeretin， atractylenolide Ⅱ and Ⅰ. ResultBy combining the relevant literature， database and MS information， a total of 79 compounds were identified from LJZT， including 31 flavonoids， 15 terpenoids， 14 nitrogen-containing compounds， 6 phenylpropanoids， 6 organic acids and 7 other compounds. The established quantitative analytical method for the nine representative components showed good linearity within their respective linear ranges， and the precision， stability， reproducibility and recovery were in accordance with the requirements. The quantitative results showed that the contents of liquiritin， hesperidin， lobetyolin， liquiritigenin， glycyrrhizic acid， nobiletin， tangeretin， atractylenolide Ⅱ and Ⅰ in LJZT were 0.376 5， 2.602 1， 0.082 6， 0.128 1， 1.778 6， 0.015 7， 0.006 7， 0.030 4， 0.003 2 mg·g^-1， respectively. ConclusionThe established method can quickly， sensitively and accurately analyze the chemical constituents in LJZT， clarify that the material basis of LJZT is mainly flavonoids， terpenoids and nitrogen-containing compounds， and simultaneously determine the contents of the 9 components， which can lay a foundation for the research on quality control， mechanism and clinical application of LJZT.

Objective To observe the effect of a new cell delivery tool(MSC exo)on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer by transferring targeted genes.Methods Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM)and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis(NTA)were used to identify human mesenchymal stem cell exosomes(MSC-exo)and transport miR-450a-5p into CFPAC-1,to explore the effect of miR-450a-5p targeting BZW2 on inhibiting the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells.Results The expression of miR-450a-5p was low in pancreatic cancer tissue(P<0.05),and the expression of CD63 and TSG101 of MSC-exo-miR-450a-5p in CFPAC-1 cells was higher than that of MSC-exo by Western blot(P<0.05).CCK-8 and EdU results showed that MSC-exo-miR-450a-5p significantly inhibited the proliferation of CFPAC-1 cells(P<0.05).Cell scratch and Transwell experiments showed that MSC-exo-miR-450a-5p can inhibit the migration and invasion of CFPAC-1 cells(P<0.05).Through dual luciferase assay,it was confirmed that miR-450a-5p targets BZW2,and RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed a negative correlation(P<0.05)between miR-450a-5p and BZW2 expression.Overexpression of BZW2,CCK-8,EdU,cell scratch,and Transwell experiments confirmed that pc-BZW2 reversed the anti-cancer function of MSC-exo-miR-450a-5p on CFPAC-1.Western blot detected PCNA,Ki-67,MMP2,MMP9,and the results were consistent with the above experiments(P<0.05).Conclusion hMSC exo is a new delivery system,targeting BZW2 to transport miR-450a-5p to inhibit the biological malignancy of pancreatic cancer cells,which provides an important clue for the research of targeted treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Compared with the global average, the incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in China is higher, particularly in the southern regions where the mortality rate has remained persistently high. Nimotuzumab, a targeted therapy that acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor, has prompted continuous progress in NPC treatment. The combination of nimotuzumab with traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy can enhance treatment efficacy, reduce adverse reactions, and improve patients’ quality of life. This article summarizes current research findings from this perspective to provide diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NPC treatment.

Objective:To investigate the effect of galectin-3 (gal-3) on microglia polarization after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods:C57BL/6 male adult mice were used to induce SAH or sham operation models. Gal-3 siRNA or negative control siRNA was injected into the lateral ventricle 48 h before the model was induced. After 24 h of model preparation, the SAH score, neurological function score, brain water content, and Evans blue exudate were measured. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of M1 phenotypic markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], CD11b, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and M2 phenotype markers (CD206, YM1/2, arginase-1 [Arg1]).Results:After using Gal-3 siRNA to inhibit Gal-3, the neurological function score significantly increased, while the SAH score, brain water content, and Evans blue exudate significantly decreased ( P<0.001). Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of M1 phenotypic markers (iNOS, CD11b and TNF-α) in microglia were significantly decreased after Gal-3 inhibition, while the expressions of M2 phenotypic markers (CD206, YM1/2 and Arg1) were significantly increased ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Inhibition of Gal-3 expression can alleviate the early brain injury after SAH, and its mechanism may be associated with regulating the polarization of microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype.

Objective:To conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) worldwide from 2012 to 2022 and to investigate the current research status and hotspots in this field.Methods:The Web of Science Core Collection was used as the data source. According to the set retrieval strategy, the CiteSpace bibliometric tools were used to analyze the published literature and explore the research hotspots and cutting-edge directions.Results:A total of 4 937 articles were included, and the number of publications increased year by year from 2012 to 2022. The United States is a leading country in this field, Harvard University is a leading institution in this field, and Rinkel Gabriel JE is the researcher with the most published articles in this field. The analysis of the keywords provided by the author showed that delayed cerebral ischemia, vasospasm, risk, intracranial aneurysms, endovascular treatment, risk factors, embolization, complications, Pipeline embolization device, coil embolization, hemodynamics, and wall shear stress were the main hotspots and cutting-edge directions of aSAH research.Conclusion:The results of bibliometric analysis help to grasp the current research status of aSAH and determine new directions for future research.

Objective To analyze the changes of coagulation indexes in patients of non-valvular atrial fibrillation with different ABO blood types before and after treatment with the new oral anticoag-ulant dabigatran etexilate.Methods A total of 100 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation were selected as research subjects,and they were divided into type O group(n=50)and non-type 0 group(n=50)according to blood types,and dabigatran etexilate capsules were given to both groups.The coagulation function indexes of the two groups after 3 months were compared.Results Before treatment,there were significant differences in Von Willebrand factor(vWF)and protein C activities between two groups(P＜0.05).After treatment,the activities of vWF and protein C showed signifi-cant differences between two groups(P＜0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant differ-ence in activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)between the two groups(P＞0.05),but there was a significant difference in APTT between the two groups after treatment(P＜0.05).There were no significant between-group differences in plasma prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),in-ternational normalized ratio(INR)and coagulation factor Ⅷ before and after treatment(P＞0.05).There were significant differences in all coagulation related indexes between the two groups after treat-ment compared with treatment before(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with type O blood are more likely to alert to occurrence of bleeding events when treated with dabigatran etexilate,and can be pre-dicted by APTT and protein C activity to some extent.

Objective To analyze the changes of coagulation indexes in patients of non-valvular atrial fibrillation with different ABO blood types before and after treatment with the new oral anticoag-ulant dabigatran etexilate.Methods A total of 100 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation were selected as research subjects,and they were divided into type O group(n=50)and non-type 0 group(n=50)according to blood types,and dabigatran etexilate capsules were given to both groups.The coagulation function indexes of the two groups after 3 months were compared.Results Before treatment,there were significant differences in Von Willebrand factor(vWF)and protein C activities between two groups(P＜0.05).After treatment,the activities of vWF and protein C showed signifi-cant differences between two groups(P＜0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant differ-ence in activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)between the two groups(P＞0.05),but there was a significant difference in APTT between the two groups after treatment(P＜0.05).There were no significant between-group differences in plasma prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),in-ternational normalized ratio(INR)and coagulation factor Ⅷ before and after treatment(P＞0.05).There were significant differences in all coagulation related indexes between the two groups after treat-ment compared with treatment before(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with type O blood are more likely to alert to occurrence of bleeding events when treated with dabigatran etexilate,and can be pre-dicted by APTT and protein C activity to some extent.

Objective:To investigate the effects of naringin on early brain injury in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage and its possible mechanism of action.Methods:Rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, the model group, and the naringin group. Each group had 8 rats. The SAH model was established by intravascular perforation, and then rats in the model group and the naringin group were administered 0.9% NaCl or naringin 40 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection after 0.5 h. SAH score, neurological function score, cerebral edema, and blood-brain barrier permeability were detected. The level of NAD + and nflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. The expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and protease-activated receptor (PAR) proteins was detected by Western Blot. The expression of PARP-1 mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR). Neuronal apoptosis was detected by an immunofluorescence assay. Results:Compared with the model group, naringin treatment improved neurological function ( P<0.01), reduced cerebral edema and Evans blue exudation (all P<0.01), increased the content of NAD + ( P<0.001), reduced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels (all P<0.001), and reduced the expression of PARP-1/AIF pathway-related proteins in vivo (all P<0.001). In addition, naringin could inhibit neuronal apoptosis in early brain injury after SAH. Conclusions:Naringin can improve the early brain injury after SAH, which may be achieved by inhibiting the PARP-1/AIF pathway.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in occult peritoneal metastasis (OPM) of gastric cancer.Methods:A total of 93 patients with gastric cancer admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2018 to October 2021 were retrospectively collected. None of the patients had typical peritoneal metastasis on CT. Patients were divided into OPM group (31 cases) and non-OPM group (62 cases) according to laparoscopic exploration. The clinical, pathological and CT features were recorded. The parameters related to adipose tissue (VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue) within the range of 15 mm and 25 mm below the largest layer of gastric cancer lesions in preoperative CT images were measured, including the volume, average CT attenuation and standard deviation. The independent-sample t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, χ 2 test or Fisher′s exact probability were used to compare the clinical, pathological and CT imaging parameters between OPM and non-OPM groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent risk factors for OPM of gastric cancer and establish a combined model. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of each indicator and the combined model in predicting OPM of gastric cancer. Results:There were statistically significant differences in age, pathological type, CA125, ascites, cT stage, the thickest diameter of lesion, average CT attenuation of 15 mm VAT and 25 mm VAT between the OPM group and the non-OPM group ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that ascites, cT stage and average CT attenuation of 25 mm VAT were independent risk factors for OPM of gastric cancer, with the OR (95%CI) of 4.940 (1.287-18.967), 4.284 (1.270-14.455), and 1.149 (1.013-1.303), respectively. A combined model was established. The area under the curve (AUC) of ascites, cT stage, average CT attenuation of 25 mm VAT, average CT attenuation of 15 mm VAT and combined model were 0.685, 0.718, 0.703, 0.674 and 0.813, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in AUC between the combined model and each four single indicators above ( Z=2.98, 2.63, 2.09, 2.54, P=0.003, 0.009, 0.037, 0.011). Conclusions:The ascites, cT stage and average CT attenuation of 25 mm VAT are independent risk factors for OPM in gastric cancer. The combined model based on the above three indicators has the best performance in predicting OPM in gastric cancer.