BACKGROUND:Material biomechanics is the investigation of the mechanical microenvironment of biomaterials through a material science approach,which belongs to the frontier discipline of sustainable development. OBJECTIVE:To explore the current research hotspots and development trends of material biomechanics and provide theoretical references for subsequent research. METHODS:Based on CiteSpace bibliometric software,we generated keyword co-occurrence and clustering,emergent word detection,and other knowledge maps based on 3 182 material biomechanics literature in the Web of Science core database during 2012-2022 for visualization analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of research articles on the biomechanics of materials has been increasing in the last decade,and the United States,China,and Germany are the top three countries in terms of the number of articles published,and the research is mainly concentrated on major universities and research institutions,with significant aggregation.Material biomechanics research mainly involves the disciplines of material science,biomedical engineering,and kinesiology.Finite element analysis,material properties,mechanical performance of biomaterials,and molecular biomechanics are the focus of scholars'attention and research.At present,the research in the field of material biomechanics focuses on the use of finite element analysis to calculate the mechanical response of different biomedical materials under different conditions of loading and mechanical properties for the prevention of sports diseases,surgical planning,and postoperative rehabilitation.The application of inorganic materials and the mode of transport of molecular signals may be the prospect of future research.

Objective Magnetic resonance simulator(MR Sim)is a novel type of simulation equipment utilized in radiotherapy.Acceptance testing is an essential quality assurance procedure prior to the clinical use of the MR Sim.The report provides the detailed procedures and result analysis of acceptance testing for an MR Sim.Methods The acceptance testing scheme was developed following the recently published AAPM TG284 report and the NCC/T-RT 002-2023 guidelines.Quality control equipments such as ACR(American College of Radiology)large phantom and geometric distortion measurement phantom were used for evaluating various aspects of the MR Sim,including the effectiveness of shielding,the functionality of imaging system,the image quality,the performance of radio frequency coils,the geometric accuracy of large field imaging,the precision of external laser markings,the couch movement accuracy,and the image transmission accuracy.Results The shielding effectiveness at a frequency of 150 MHz exhibited an average value of 105 dB.All of 8 image quality indices,namely geometric accuracy,slice position accuracy,slice thickness accuracy,image uniformity,artifact ratio,signal-to-noise ratio,high-contrast spatial resolution,and low-contrast resolution,fell within recommended tolerances.The maximum geometric distortion observed across a 25 cm field of view was less than 2 mm.The errors in external laser markings and couch movement accuracy were both less than 1 mm.The couch levelness was less than 1°.Both radio frequency coils and image transmission passed the required tests.Conclusion MR Sim is high-precision and complex.To ensure its precise application in radiotherapy,the acceptance testing for an MR Sim should be meticulously designed and executed following the established guidelines and accounting for its unique performance characteristics.

Objective:To summarize the surgery effect of tongue volume reduction for macroglossia patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS).Methods:The clinical data of children diagnosed as BWS based on clinic symptoms and gene tests, who received operation in Department of Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University from July 2012 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients underwent dorsal tongue bell-shaped resection and ventral V-shaped resection. By pulling tongue tip, the tongue body was cut and dissected along the marking line followed by suturing the muscle layer of the central part of the tongue tissue. Intermittent mattress suture of the dorsal and ventral mucous wounds of the tongue. After operation, all patients kept the trachea intubation and were transferred to PICU for further treatment and received early nasal feeding. The short-term postoperative complications, and long-term follow-up of the tongue body shape and clinical symptoms were recorded.The clinical effect was evaluated by onesurgeon and the parents.The effect was graded into four levels: dissatisifaction, average, satisifaction and great satisifaction.Results:A total of 61 children were included in this study, including 30 males and 31 females, with an average age of 8.5 months. The length of the tongue exposed outside at the resting state was 1.34-2.62 cm, with a median of 1.87 cm. Symmetric hypertrophy was found in 52 cases (85.2%), lateral hypertrophy in 9 cases (14.8%). There were 3 cases with respiratory obstruction (4.9%), 35 cases with salivation (57.4%), 4 cases suffering difficulty of feeding and dysphagia (6.6%). All children underwent the operation successfully, and the average operation time was 35.8 min. Among the short-term complications, there were 3 ventral wounds dehiscence, none of which needed sutured again. By prolonging nasal feeding time, the wounds were all healed in the secondary stage. Respiratory obstruction occurred in 1 patient after operation, and the symptoms were relieved after tongue retraction. The mean follow-up time was 3.3 years (2 months to 7 years), and 1 patient was inadequately corrected and good condition was got after second aryoperation. The remaining children obtained satisfactory resting tongue position and appearance, and the postoperative clinical symptoms were improved. In the long-term follow-up, the comprehensive evaluation results of the resting tongue position and clinical symptoms of the children by surgeon and parents were satisfied in 10 cases (16.4%), very satisfied in 50 cases (82.0%), and average in 1 case (insufficient correction after the first operation).Conclusions:Central resection and volume reduction of tongue body is a simple, effective and safe surgical technique in children with giant tongue diagnosed as BWS.

Objective:To summarize the surgery effect of tongue volume reduction for macroglossia patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS).Methods:The clinical data of children diagnosed as BWS based on clinic symptoms and gene tests, who received operation in Department of Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University from July 2012 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients underwent dorsal tongue bell-shaped resection and ventral V-shaped resection. By pulling tongue tip, the tongue body was cut and dissected along the marking line followed by suturing the muscle layer of the central part of the tongue tissue. Intermittent mattress suture of the dorsal and ventral mucous wounds of the tongue. After operation, all patients kept the trachea intubation and were transferred to PICU for further treatment and received early nasal feeding. The short-term postoperative complications, and long-term follow-up of the tongue body shape and clinical symptoms were recorded.The clinical effect was evaluated by onesurgeon and the parents.The effect was graded into four levels: dissatisifaction, average, satisifaction and great satisifaction.Results:A total of 61 children were included in this study, including 30 males and 31 females, with an average age of 8.5 months. The length of the tongue exposed outside at the resting state was 1.34-2.62 cm, with a median of 1.87 cm. Symmetric hypertrophy was found in 52 cases (85.2%), lateral hypertrophy in 9 cases (14.8%). There were 3 cases with respiratory obstruction (4.9%), 35 cases with salivation (57.4%), 4 cases suffering difficulty of feeding and dysphagia (6.6%). All children underwent the operation successfully, and the average operation time was 35.8 min. Among the short-term complications, there were 3 ventral wounds dehiscence, none of which needed sutured again. By prolonging nasal feeding time, the wounds were all healed in the secondary stage. Respiratory obstruction occurred in 1 patient after operation, and the symptoms were relieved after tongue retraction. The mean follow-up time was 3.3 years (2 months to 7 years), and 1 patient was inadequately corrected and good condition was got after second aryoperation. The remaining children obtained satisfactory resting tongue position and appearance, and the postoperative clinical symptoms were improved. In the long-term follow-up, the comprehensive evaluation results of the resting tongue position and clinical symptoms of the children by surgeon and parents were satisfied in 10 cases (16.4%), very satisfied in 50 cases (82.0%), and average in 1 case (insufficient correction after the first operation).Conclusions:Central resection and volume reduction of tongue body is a simple, effective and safe surgical technique in children with giant tongue diagnosed as BWS.

Objective:The purpose of current study was to evaluate the interplay effects in intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for lung cancer and compare the results of different Iso-energy layer repainting techniques in the mitigation of interplay effects.Methods:Eight patients with lung cancer who underwent 4DCT were retrospectively selected. A robust CTV-based IMPT plan was generated for each based on commercial TPS, considering patient setup errors ±5 mm, range uncertainties ±3.5%, and CTV time structure motion in 4DCT image. Monte Carlo dose engines were used for all IMPT plans in the final dose calculation. The 4D static dose (4DSD) and 4D dynamic dose (4DDD) were calculated using a hybrid deformable algorithm and simulated proton delivery system for interplay effects. An index[ΔI(ROI, DVH)] was developed to quantitatively evaluate the interplay effects. We applied Iso-energy layer repainting techniques with different numbers of repainting (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) to the robust IMPT plans and evaluated the difference in the mitigation of interplay effects based on the ΔI(ROI, DVH) index.Results:Due to interplay effects, the mean values of target coverage, conformity and homogeneity index reduced by 13.7%, 12.7% and 24.6%, respectively. The mean values of lung V 5Gy and V 20Gy improved by 0.8%, 3.4% and 2.6%. Compared to the IMPT plans without layer repainting, Multiple iso-energy layers repainting techniques improved the mean values of CTV coverage by 4.5%, 3.8%, 3.8%, 3.6% and 5.7%, respectively. The average values of lung V 20Gy reduced by 1.5%, 1.8%, 1.7%, 1.6% and 1.9%, respectively. Conclusions:In the robust CTV-based IMPT plans, the interplay effects degraded the target dose distribution but were mitigated using iso-energy layer repainting techniques. We recommended to use the layer repainting technique according to the characteristics of the patient.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and imaging findings of chest computed tomography (CT) of patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to provide imaging guidance for early diagnosis and clinical treatment.Methods:A total of 74 patients diagnosed with positive nucleic acid test of nasopharyngeal swab were retrospectively collected from January 23 to February 22, 2020 in the inpatient department of Rui′an People′s Hospital. Their clinical features were analyzed in combination with CT image characteristics.Results:Of the 74 patients, 62 (83.8%) had fever, 59 had abnormalities in CT examinations and 15 patients had no imaging abnormalities. The average interval from onset to CT examination was 4.6 days. Among 59 patients, 58 cases (98.3%) were mainly peripherally distributed, 53 cases (91.4%) had multiple lesions and five cases (8.6%) had single nodules. The main manifestation was ground glass opacities (45 cases, 76.3%). The lesions were mainly distributed in the middle and lower lobe of the lungs, accounting for 76.3% (45 cases). Air bronchogram was shown in 21 cases (35.6%), and reversed halo sign was shown in 10 cases (16.9%). Other rare abnormalities were small cavities in three cases (5.1%), tree-in-bud pattern in one case (1.7%). Intrathoracic lymph node enlargement was found in two cases (3.4%) by re-examination.Conclusion:The CT examination characteristics of COVID-19 patients could play an important role for early diagnosis and follow-up.

Objective: In clinical, cephalic index is the most common method to evaluate scaphocephaly. However, cephalic index alone is not sufficient to describe the nuances of skull shape. The authors hypothesize that the location of euryon could be a valuable and practical index as the supplement of cephalic index to better describe the skull. Methods: This is a retrospective study. CT scans of 17 scaphocephaly patients and 17 normal controls were included. Eight of 17 scaphocephaly patients have 6 months postoperative CT scan. The preoperative location of euryon of scaphocephaly patients was compared to that of the controls and postoperative. The horizontal location of euryon was defined as the ratio of the distance, from the most prominent point of forehead to euryon, to anteroposterior cranial length. The vertical location of euryon was defined as the ratio of the vertical distance, from the nasion to euryon, to cranial height. Results: Both the horizontal and vertical locations of euryon of preoperative scaphocephaly patients were significantly decreased compared to normals (46.50%±4.02% vs. 50.39%±2.21%, t=3.49, P=0.0014; 35.78%±8.62% vs. 52.6%±8.08%, t=5.86, P<0.001). Both the postoperative horizontal vertical locations of euryon were significantly increased, when compared to preoperative (47.25%±4.23% vs. 44.02%±3.72%, t=2.42, P=0.045; 42.39%±9.06% vs. 35.18%±5.36%, t=2.554, P=0.0379). Conclusions The location of euryon could be a practical and valuable index to describe the nuances of skull shape.

Objective: To assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLCO1B3 gene with prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy of TA regimen (taxane and antharcycline drugs). Methods: 439 female BC patients were recruited and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy of TA regimen. A blood sample (2 ml) of peripheral blood was collected from each patient before chemotherapy. Tagging SNPs (tag-SNPs) were selected. We investigated the association of tag-SNPs with prognosis, by Sequenom Mass ARRAY system platform, characterizing tag-SNPs. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for progression or death were calculated by multivariable-adjusted Cox regression model. Results: Seven tag-SNPs (rs11045689, rs200104106, rs3764006, rs3834935, rs4149117, rs7305323 and rs73241801) were selected for study. Compared with individuals carrying the rs11045689 GG genotype, individuals carrying rs11045689 AA genotype performed worse PFS and OS, with the HR (95% CI) for progression being 1.39 (1.11~1.75) and the HR (95% CI) for death being 1.38 (1.04~1.83). Compared with individuals carrying the rs73241801 CC genotype, individuals carrying rs73241801 TT genotype performed better OS (P=0.041), with the HR (95% CI) for death being 0.65 (0.44~0.94). The number of risk allele was significantly associated with PFS (P=0.012) and OS (P=0.017) of BC patients by accumulation analysis. Compared with individuals carrying one or less than one risk allele, individuals carrying four risk alleles performed worse PFS and OS, with the HR (95% CI) for progression being 1.37 (1.09~1.72) and the HR (95% CI) for death being 1.36 (1.02~1.81). Conclusion The variations of rs11045689 and rs73241801 in SLCO1B3 gene were significantly associated with prognosis of BC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy of TA regimen, which might serve as biomarkers for predicting prognosis of BC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective: This study is to investigate the effectiveness of philtrum repairment for-microform cleft lip, using muscle tension line group reconstruction. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 19 consecutively primary microform cleft lip repairment patients, from January 2015 to December 2017. All the patients were provided muscle tension line reconstruction (group 1) or traditional muscle repairment by horizontal mattress sutures (group 2). The philtral ridge and dimple were evaluated by scores. The statistical analyses were performed using unpaired t-test by Prism 6.0 software. Results: The philtral ridge score was higher in group 1 than group 2 (4.15±0.56 vs. 2.73±0.32, P<0.01). The philtral dimple score of group 1 increased either, when compared with group 2 (2.36±0.50 vs.1.45±0.28, P=0.0004). Conclusions Functional reconstruction of philtrum, using muscle tension line group repair, has satisfactory results in philtral ridge and philtral dimple.

Objective To assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) in SLCO1B3 gene with prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy of TA regimen (taxane and antharcycline drugs). Methods 439 female BC patients were recruited and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy of TA regimen.A blood sample (2 ml) of peripheral blood was collected from each patient before chemotherapy. Tagging SNPs (tag?SNPs) were selected. We investigated the association of tag?SNPs with prognosis, by Sequenom Mass ARRAY system platform, characterizing tag?SNPs. The hazard ratio ( HR ) and 95% confidence interval ( CI ) for progression or death were calculated by multivariable?adjusted Cox regression model. Results Seven tag?SNPs ( rs11045689, rs200104106, rs3764006, rs3834935, rs4149117, rs7305323 and rs73241801) were selected for study. Compared with individuals carrying the rs11045689 GG genotype, individuals carrying rs11045689 AA genotype performed worse PFS and OS, with the HR (95% CI) for progression being 1.39 (1.11～1.75) and the HR (95% CI) for death being 1.38 ( 1.04～1.83). Compared with individuals carrying the rs73241801 CC genotype, individuals carrying rs73241801 TT genotype performed better OS (P＝0.041), with the HR (95% CI) for death being 0.65 (0.44～0.94). The number of risk allele was significantly associated with PFS (P＝0.012) and OS (P＝0.017) of BC patients by accumulation analysis. Compared with individuals carrying one or less than one risk allele, individuals carrying four risk alleles performed worse PFS and OS, with the HR (95%CI) for progression being 1.37 (1.09～1.72) and the HR ( 95% CI) for death being 1.36 (1.02～1.81). Conclusion The variations of rs11045689 and rs73241801 in SLCO1B3 gene were significantly associated with prognosis of BC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy of TA regimen, which might serve as biomarkers for predicting prognosis of BC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.