Objective:To explore the cause and treatment of chylothorax after surgery for congenital heart disease(CHD) in newborns.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made to the clinical data of 49 newborns with chylothorax after surgery for CHD within the period from January 2009 to December 2019. These newborns were aged from from 1 day to 28 days with the weight from 2.0 kg to 4.1 kg. The complete transposition of great arteries was performed in 13 cases, coarctation of the aorta/ interruption of the aortic arch in 13 case, right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction/ Blalock-Taussing shunt in 9 cases, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in 8 cases, ventricular septal defect repair and atrial septal defect repair in 4 cases, ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in 1 case and persisten truncus arteriosus in 1 case. Chylothorax occurred in the right in 19 cases, left side in 20 cases, bilateral in 9 cases and the pericardium in 1 case. The diagnosis was made at the time from 1 day to 22 days after the surgery with an average of 8 days.Results:43 patients were cured(87.75%), 41 cases(83.67%) were cured with diet and support therapy, the course lasted from 4 days to 65 days with an average of 11 days; 1 cases, because of the poor effect of diet and support therapy, was given pleural injection of high-sugar combined with octreotide treatment; 1 case received thoracic duct ligation as the conservative therapy was ineffective; 6 cases of death due to heart failure/ severe pulmonary hypertension after operation, and parents gave up.Conclusion:Individualization conservative therapy is the first choice for chylothorax, while timely surgery can raise the survival rate and save the hospitalization time and the cost.

Objective:To investigate the changes of distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens in children with urinary tract infection in a single center in Beijing, and to provide references for the rational use of antibio-tics agent in clinical practice.Methods:The clinical data as well as urine culture and drug sensitivity results of children with urinary tract infection treated in the Department of Nephrology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2013 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the time of onset, the patients were divided into 2 groups, namely the 2013 to 2015 group and the 2016 to 2018 group.SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis of clinical data.Results:Among the 744 pathogenic bacteria isolated, the most common type was Gram-negative bacteria (59.4%, 442/744 strains), and the proportion of Escherichia coli ( E.coli) was the highest (39.4%, 293/744 strains). Gram-positive bacteria were the second most common (36.8%, 274/744 strains), among which, Enterococcus faecium (21.8%, 162/744 strains) accounted for the largest proportion (3.8%, 28/744 strains). Fungi were the least common type of pathogenic bacteria (3.8%, 28/744 strains). In Gram-negative bacteria, E.coli was highly resistant to Ampicillin (87.6%, 255/291 strains), but less resistant to Piperacillin/Tazobactam (12.7%, 37/291 strains). By comparing the overall distribution of Gram-positive, Gram-negative and common pathogenic bacteria in 2013 to 2015 and 2016 to 2018, the infection rate of Gram-negative bacteria (63.8%, 55.5%)was always higher than that of Gram-positive bacteria(33.1%, 40.2%), but the infection rate of Gram-positive bacteria has shown an upward trend in recent years, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.080, P<0.05). Conclusions:The main pathogenic bacteria of urinary tract infection in children are Gram-negative bacteria, and E.coli is the most common causative bacteria.However, the infection rate of Gram-positive bacteria has been increasing in recent years. E.coli is highly sensitive to Piperacillin and Tazobactam, which can be used as the adequate selection for treating urinary tract infection in children. E.coli is highly resistant to the first and the second-generation cephalosporin antibiotics, but sensitive to the third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics, such as Cefotetan.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 7 constituents in Wikstroemia indica,and to conduct principal component analysis and cluster analysis. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The determination was per-formed on Diamonsil Platisil ODS column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.15% triethylamine solution(pH adjusted to 6.0 with phosphoric acid,gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm,and col-umn temperature was 40 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted for the results of content determination by SPSS 22.0 statistical software. RESULTS:The linear ranges were 2.688-53.76μg/mL for nar-ingin(r=0.9998),5.052-101.00 μg/mL for myricetin(r=0.9999),2.052-41.04 μg/mL for arctiin(r=0.9999),2.108-42.16 μg/mL(r=0.9999),5.112-102.20 μg/mL(r=0.9999),0.820-16.42 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.070-41.40 μg/mL(r=0.9999),respec-tively. The limits of quantitation were no higher than 1.0720 μg/mL,the limits of detection were no higher than 0.3318 μg/mL. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0%. The recoveries were 97.8%-102.5%(RSD=1.8%, n=6),97.2%-102.0%(RSD=2.0%,n=6),95.2%-100.1%(RSD=1.7%,n=6),95.2%-99.3%(RSD=1.6%,n=6), 97.0%-100.8%(RSD=1.3%,n=6),95.5%-98.6%(RSD=1.1%,n=6),95.0%-99.3%(RSD=1.8%,n=6),respectively. Three main components were belong to the samples of 10 batches of medicinal materials. The samples of medicinal materials from 10 pro-ducing area could be divided into 2 categories. The quality of W. indica from Qingyuan Guangdong and Guiyang Guizhou were bet-ter than others. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and reproducible,and it can be used for simultaneous de-termination of 7 constituents in medicinal material. The quality of W. indica from different regions are quite different.

Objective To investigate the promoting effect of individualized intervention on social function rehabilitation in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Total of 200 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in a tertiary psychiatrichospital were selected as the research object and were randomly assigned to the study group ( n=100) and the control group ( n=100) . Patients in control group were treated with routine treatment and nursing, whilepatients in study group were given individualized intervention combined with routine treatment and nursing. Brief psychiatric rating scale ( BPRS) was used to assess the severity of the psychotic symptoms.Insight and treatment attitude questionnaire ( ITAQ) was used to assess the treatment compliance of patients. Activity of daily living scale (ADL) and personal and social performance scale(PSP) were used to assess their social function. Then, we compared the results of two groups that before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in BPRS, ITAQ and ADL scores between two groups ( P>0.05) . The PSP scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05) . After the intervention, the ITAQ and PSP scores of two groups were significantly higher than those before the intervention, and the BPRS and ADL scores were significantly lower than those before the intervention ( P<0.05) . After the intervention, there was no significant difference in BPRS and ITAQ scores between two groups ( P>0. 05) . The ADL scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the PSP scores were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions Personalized intervention enhances the patient′s self-care ability, daily activities ability and social competence, and promotes the recovery of social function.

Aim To explore the protective effects of LPPC ( procyanidins extracted from the litchi pericarp) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in septic rats and its mech-anisms. Methods The rats were randomly divided in-to 5 groups, and were given orally the drug for two weeks continuously. The control group ( control) and sepsis model group ( LPS ) were given distilled water once a day. LPPC low, medium and high dose groups were given LPPC 50 , 100 , 200 mg · kg-1 · d-1 re-spectively which were prepared freshly every day. After the treatment, sepsis animal models were established. Except for the control group, other groups were injec-ted LPS (lipopolysacchride, 10mg·kg-1) intraperito-neally to induce acute sepsis model. 4hrs later, rat se-rum was collected, isoenzyme ( CK-MB ) , lactate de-hydrogenase ( LDH ) and activity of aspertate amin-otransferase ( AST/GOT) were detected. Then rat car-diac tissue was obtained and cardiac tissue malondial-dehyde ( MDA ) , total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC ) and reduced glutathione ( GSH ) content were deter-mined. TUNEL staining was performed to analyze the apoptosis of myocardial cells. Cleaved caspase-3 and TNF alpha protein expressions were analyzed by West-ern blot. Results Compared with the control group ( control) , serum of sepsis model group rats CK-MB, LDH, AST/GOT and cardiac tissue MDA content were significantly increased (P<0. 01). At the same time, the activity of cardiac tissue T-AOC and GSH de-creased obviously ( P<0. 01 ) . The apoptotic myocar-dial cells increased significantly ( P<0. 01 ) , and the expression level of cleaved caspase-3 and TNF alpha decreased obviously ( P <0. 01 ) . LPPC pretreatment significantly decreased the serum CK-MB, LDH, AST/GOT and tissue MDA content, increased tissue T AOC and GSH activity, attenuated apoptosis of rat myocardi-al cells significantly, and decreased expression level of cleaved caspase-3 and TNF alpha. Conclusion LPPC pretreatment can significantly attenuate rat myocardial cell apoptosis induced by sepsis, and the underlying mechanisms may be related to its anti-oxidative effects.

Aim To study the mechanisms of the pro-tective effect of procyanidin B2 ( PCB2 ) on the myocar-dial cell apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) . Methods Using the primary culture rat myo-cardial cells, myocardial cell injury model was induced by LPS. PCB2 low, medium and high dose groups, were cultured with 6. 25 , 12. 5 , 25. 0 μmol · L-1 PCB2 respectively in DMEM medium for 24 h continu-ously. Myocardial cell survival rate was determined by MTT colorimetric method. Cardiacmyocyte NOX activi-ty was determined by lucigen chemiluminescence meth-od . Western blot analysis was used to detect myocardi-al NADPH oxidase p47phox expression. TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis and flow cytometry was used to determine the content of myocardial cells ROS. Results Compared with control group, the cell dam-age induced by LPS group myocardial cell survival rate significantly decreased ( P <0. 01 ) , and myocardial cell NOX activity, p47phox expression, apoptotic cell number and ROS content were significantly increased (P<0. 01). PCB2 low, medium and high dose groups cell survival rates were significantly elevated, myocar-dial cell NOX activity and p47phox expression, apoptotic cell number and the ROS content decreased significant-ly in a dose-dependent manner ( P <0. 01 ) . Conclu-sion PCB2 protects myocardial cell apoptosis induced by LPS via inhibiting the expression of NADPH oxidase activation, p47phox expression and reactive oxygen spe-cies generation.

The aim of this paper is to explore the prevention of rabbit postoperative abdominal cavity adhesion with poly (lactic-co-glycotic acid) (PLGA) membrane and the mechanism of this prevention function. Sixty-six Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group and PLGA membrane group. The rabbits were treated with multifactor methods to establish the postoperative abdominal cavity adhesion models except for those in the normal control group. PLGA membrane was used to cover the wounds of rabbits in the PLGA membrane group and nothing covered the wounds of rabbits in the model control group. The hematologic parameters, liver and kidney functions and fibrinogen contents were detected at different time. The rabbit were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 weeks after the operations, respectively. The adhesions were graded blindly, and Masson staining and immunohistochemistry methods were used to observe the proliferation of collagen fiber and the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on the cecal tissues, respectively. The grade of abdominal cavity adhesion showed that the PLGA membrane-treated group was significant lower than that in the model control group, and it has no influence on liver and kidney function and hematologic parameters. But the fibrinogen content and the number of white blood cell in the PLGA membrane group were significant lower than those of model control group 1 week and 2 weeks after operation, respectively. The density of collagen fiber and optical density of TGF-β1 in the PLGA membrane group were significant lower than those of model control group. The results demonstrated that PLGA membrane could be effective in preventing the abdominal adhesions in rabbits, and it was mostly involved in the reducing of fibrinogen exudation, and inhibited the proliferation of collagen fiber and over-expression of TGF-β1.
Abdominal Cavity ; surgery ; Animals ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Lactic Acid ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Rabbits ; Tissue Adhesions ; prevention & control ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective:To study the preparation of total leaves saponins of panax notoginseng liposomal gels and evaluate the quali-ty. Methods:The total leaves saponins of panax notoginseng liposomes were prepared by the film-dispersion method, and the formula was optimized by the orthogonal experimental design. A high-speed centrifugation method was applied to determine the encapsulation efficiency used as the evaluation index for the optimization of the preparation process. Then the gels were prepared and an HPLC meth-od was used to determine the content of ginsenoside Rb3 . The stability was preliminarily studied as well. Results:The preparation was semi-solid, and viscous gels with low skin irritation and good stability. The quality was accordance with the relevant provisions in Chi-nese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Conclusion: The gels are with the properties of simple preparation process, reliable detection methods and stable and controllable quality.

A method of simultaneous determination of the eleven phenol and aniline dyes in oxidative hair dyes by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The orthogonal and single-factor experiments were designed to and optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions, and the samples were extracted using 10 mL of 5% methanol under the conditions of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant for 10 min. The gradient elution program and the electrospray ionization mode change were together used for the optimization of the measurements, and the determinations were completed by using the multi-reaction monitoring scan. The detection limits were 1. 15-9. 43 μg/g, the recoveries of spiked samples were 88. 0%-118. 1%. The method can be used to determine trace prohibited and restricted dyes in hair dyes.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of PLGA absorbable membrane in prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesion in rabbits.

METHODS66 Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: the normal control group n = 6, model control group n = 30 and PLGA group n = 30. Rabbits were received multifactor methods to establish postoperative abdominal adhesion models except for normal control group. The cecum wound was covered PLGA membrane in the PLGA group. At postoperative 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks, the abdominal cavities were reopened and the adhesive severity was graded blindly, and the hydroxyproline level in cecum tissue was measured and the cecum histopathology was observed.

RESULTS(1) the degree of adhesion and hydroxyproline level in model control group were significantly higher than those of normal control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the degree of adhesion and hydroxyproline level in PLGA group were significantly lower than those of model control group (P < 0.05). (2) HE staining showed that cecum serosa had obviously inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation, while PLGA could inhibit fibroblast proliferation and reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen.

CONCLUSIONPLGA absorbable membrane can inhibit fibroblast proliferation and collagen to prevent the experimental postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

Abdominal Cavity ; pathology ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen ; analysis ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Membranes, Artificial ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Rabbits ; Tissue Adhesions ; prevention & control