BACKGROUND:There is still no consensus on the optimal internal fixation for the treatment of Pauwels Ⅲ femoral neck fracture,and most of the related finite element analyses have been performed using a single simplified loading condition,and the biomechanical properties of commonly used internal fixation devices need to be further investigated. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of Pauwels Ⅲ femoral neck fractures treated with cannulated compression screw,dynamic hip screw,and femoral neck system by finite element method under different loading conditions of single-leg standing loads and sideways fall loads. METHODS:The DICOM data of healthy adult femur were obtained by CT scanning,imported into Mimics 15.0 software to obtain the rough model of bone tissue.The data exported from Mimics were optimized by Geomagics software,and then three internal fixation models were built and assembled with the femur model according to the parameters of the clinical application of the cannulated compression screw,dynamic hip screw,and femoral neck system by using Pro/E software.Finally,the three internal fixation models were imported into Ansys software for loading and calculation to analyze the stress distribution and displacement of the femur and the internal fixation under different working conditions of single-leg standing loads and sideways fall loads,as well as the stress characteristics of the calcar femorale and Ward's triangle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Under the single-leg standing load and the sideways fall load,the proximal femoral stress of the three internal fixation models was mainly distributed above the fracture end of the femoral neck.The peak stress of the proximal femoral end,fracture end,Ward triangle,and calcar femorale of the three internal fixation models were the smallest in the femoral neck system model and the largest in the cannulated compression screw model.(2)Under the single-leg standing load and the sideways fall load,the peak displacement of the proximal femur of the three internal fixation models was all located at the top of the femoral head,and the peak displacement was the smallest in the femoral neck system model and the largest in the cannulated compression screw model.(3)The peak displacement of the three internal fixation models was all located at the top of the internal fixation device under the single-leg standing and sideways fall loading conditions,and the peak displacement values were the smallest in the femoral neck system internal fixation model and the largest in the cannulated compression screw internal fixation model.(4)The internal fixation stress of the three internal fixation models was mainly distributed in the area near the fracture end of the internal fixation device under the single-leg standing and sideways fall loads,and the peak value of internal fixation stress was the smallest in the femoral neck system model and the largest in the cannulated compression screw model.(5)These results suggest that the mechanical stability of the femoral neck system is the best,but there may be a risk of stress shielding of the fracture end and calcar femorale.The stress of the internal fixation device of the femoral neck system is more dispersed,and the risk of internal fixation break is lower.

Objective:To assess and compare the performance of limiting-antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA) and pooling PCR in the surveillance for recent infection rates of HIV-1 in men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:Blood samples were collected from MSM selected through snowball sampling method in sentinel surveillance in 13 prefectures of Yunnan province from 2016 to 2017. The samples were tested for HIV-1 antibody. The confirmed positive samples were tested by LAg-Avidity EIA. The negative samples were tested by pooling PCR. The recent infection rates of HIV-1 were estimated by the algorithm based on LAg-Avidity EIA and pooling PCR respectively. The two results were compared.Results:During 2016-2017, a total of 5 363 blood samples were collected from MSM, in which 407 samples were HIV-1 positive (including 177 positive tested previously) and 4 956 samples were HIV-1 negative. A total of 211 samples(91.7%) were tested by LAg-Avidity EIA, 69 were confirmed to be recent infections. A total of 4 469 samples were tested by pooling PCR, 8 were confirmed to be acute infections. The recent infection rates of HIV-1 from 2016 to 2017 estimated by LAg-Avidity EIA were 3.36% and 4.84%, and the recent infection rates estimated by pooling PCR were 3.27% and 3.02% respectively. The differences in recent infection rates of HIV-1 estimated by the two algorithms were not significant.Conclusions:The recent infection rates of HIV-1 estimated by LAg-Avidity EIA and pooling PCR in sentinel surveillance in MSM in Yunnan had good consistency from 2016 to 2017. Using the two methods might have a better stability in continuous surveillance for recent infection rates of HIV-1.

Objective:To understand the characteristics of HIV-1 genotypes and drug resistance among men who have sex with men in Kunming in 2018.Methods:A total of 193 plasma samples were collected from the newly reported HIV-1 infected MSM in Kunming from January to December 2018. Viral RNA was extracted, and the gag, pol, env gene segments were amplified by nested PCR. HIV-1 genotypes and drug resistance were also analyzed. Subsequently, the evolutionary characteristics of CRF55_01B and CRF68_01B among MSM in Kunming were analyzed by Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Results:Multiple HIV-1 genotypes were identified among these 193 samples, including CRF07_BC (39.4%, 76/193), CRF01_AE (34.2%, 66/193), unique recombinant forms (URFs) (20.2%, 39/193), CRF08_BC (3.1%, 6/193), CRF55_01B (1.6%, 3/193), subtype B (1.0%, 2/193) and CRF68_01B (0.5%, 1/193). Results from the Bayesian evolutionary analysis showed that CRF55_01B started to spread locally after being imported from other provinces, while CRF68_01B was likely to have been brought in from the eastern provinces of China. Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistant strains was 2.6%(5/190) before antiviral treatment, with mutation rates resistant to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors being the highest (2.1%, 4/190) among MSM in Kunming, 2018.Conclusion:The diversity of HIV-1 was increasing among MSM in Kunming. Although the resistance rate on pretreatment drug was relatively low, the emergence of multiple resistant strains to first-line antiviral drugs posed a challenge to antiretroviral therapy, in Kunming.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of leflunomide combined with prednisone in the induction therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis (LN).Methods A prospective,multicenter,randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in patients with biopsy-proved proliferative lupus nephritis recruited from 15 renal centers from 2013 to 2015.Patients were randomized to two groups.Oral leflunomide or intravenous cyclophosphamide was given to patients in each group.Both groups received a tapering course of oral prednisone therapy.All patients were followed up for 24 weeks.The blood biochemistry,urine index,clinical curative effect and adverse reaction were recorded and analyzed statistically.Results A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this clinical trial,including 48 patients in leflunomide group and 52 patients in cyclophosphamide group.After 24 weeks,the overall response rate was 79％ (95％ CI 67％-90％) in the leflunomide group and 69％ (95％ CI 56％-82％) in the cyclophosphamide group.23％ (95％CI 11％-35％) of patients in leflunomide group showed complete remission compared with 27％ (95％CI 24％-30％) in cyclophosphamide group (P=0.35).The levels of 24-hr urine protein excretion,SLEDAI and anti-dsDNA antibody titers were decreased in patients treated with leflunomide group after 24-weeks treatment.And the levels of serum albumin and complement 3 after treatment were significantly higher compared with these before treatment.There was also no significant difference in changes of 24-hr urine protein excretion,SLEDAI score,anti-dsDNA antibody titers,serum albumin and complement C3 levels after treatment between two groups.Incidence of adverse events did not differ between the leflunomide and cyclophosphamide group.Conclusions Leflunomide combined with prednisone showed same efficacy compared with cyclophosphamide as induction therapy for lupus nephritis.Leflunomide might be an useful medicine in the induction therapy of lupus nephritis.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) assisted by the self-made extramedullary osteotomy template on distal femur alignment.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 40 patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid undergoing primary TKA from September 2015 to March 2016.All patients were divided into two groups,extramedullary group and intramedullary group.Extramedullary group had 20 patients (4 males and 16 females) aged 65.1±6.9 years (range 51-75).Intramedullary group had 20 patients (3 males and 17 females) aged 65.7±7.9 years (range 48-75).The blood loss volume,drainage in operation,postoperative range of motion (ROM) at 1 week and 2 weeks,deviation between the ideal value and preoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle,coronal and sagittal angle of the femoral prosthesis were compared within the two groups.Results The age,gender,body mass index,deviation between the ideal value and preoperative HKA angle,Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scoring system,ROM of knee were not significantly different between the two groups.The operation time was 97.4± 14.0 min in extramedullary group and 111.7±9.9 min in intramedullary group (P ＜ 0.05).The blood loss was 71.8± 14.0 ml in extramedullary group and 111.7± 10.0 ml in intramedullary group (P ＜ 0.05),while the drainage volume was 167.0±74.5 ml in extramedullary group and 243.2±91.6 ml in intramedullary group (P＜ 0.05).The postoperative mean deviation of the HKA angle in extramedullary group (2.37°±0.73°) was smaller than that in intramedullary group (3.26°±1.42°).Furthermore,the coronal alignment of the femoral prosthesis in extramedullary group (89.70°±1.91°) was larger than that in intramedullary group (87.69°±2.39°).The sagittal alignment of the femoral prosthesis in extramedullary group (90.03°±2.62°) was also significantly larger than that in intramedullary group (88.07°±2.43°,P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative ROM of knee at 1 and 2 week in the extramedullary group were 101.75°±7.48° and 114.00°±7.88° respectively,while those in the intramedullary group were 101.25°±8.41° and 114.25°±8.78°.There was no statistically different between the two groups.There was no intraoperative and postoperative early complications reported in the two groups.Conclusion Although the primary TKA assisted by the selfmade extramedullary osteotomy template on distal femur alignment can shorten operation time,decrease the blood loss and increase the accuracy of coronal and sagittal alignment,the HSS score and ROM of knee are similar as intramedullary method.

BACKGROUND: It remains poorly understood whether anterior column quadrilateral wing plate exists to solve intraoperative multiple plastic and quadrilateral in vivo shift for treating acetabular anterior column and acetabular quadrilateral body fractures.OBJECTIVE: To figure out the promising application on measurement of anatomical character parameters when designing acetabular anterior column and acetabular quadrilateral body using Mimics software. METHODS: 60 pelvic CT scan data were collected and three-dimensionally reconstructed by Mimics software. The following anatomical character parameters were measured, including the angle between plane of arcuate line of true pelvis and plane of quadrilateral surface, the four boundary lines of quadrilateral body, and the thickness of substance of bone in quadrilateral region. The projection curve on quadrilateral surface of acetabular margin and dangerous zone for screw placement were both drew. Above all, the study attempted to find out the proper safe entry point of quadrilateral screw and to measure their leaning inside angles.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The angle between plane of arcuate line of true pelvis and plane of quadrilateral surface was not significantly different between males and females. (2) The minimum thickness of quadrilateral body in males was larger than that in females. (3) The maximum leaning angle flapper plate screw P1 and P2 for quadrilateral body was significantly smaller in males than in females, but that of screw P3 was not significantly different between males and females. (4) The application of Mimics software made it easier, more intuitive and more practical for the design or development of new plate for acetabular anterior column and acetabular quadrilateral body. The common points and difference between acetabular anterior column and acetabular quadrilateral body could be specifically described by the new anatomical character parameters, which are defined by bone surface features of pelvis.

Background and purpose:As a member of the catenin family, Delta-catenin protein could promote proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, but the accurate mechanism of Delta-catenin promoting cell proliferation is not clear. In the present study, we illustrated that Delta-catenin’s effect on cell apoptosis and their relationship with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the possible mechanism was also explored for Delta-catenin promoting invasion and proliferation of tumor cells. Methods:The alterations of p38 and c-jun N-terminal rinasel JNK protein activity were detected in SPC and SK lung cancer cell lines with Delta-catenin overexpression or not, by Western blot method. At the same time, the apoptotic number of tumor cells was also examined by FCM method. Furthermore, the number of invasive tumor cells was examined by Matrigel invasive experiment. Results:Compared with untreated group and empty vector group, the activity of p38 protein was unchanged in lung cancer cell lines with Delta-catenin overexpressed (P>0.05), but the activity of JNK protein was decreased signiifcantly (P<0.05),meanwhile, apoptotic proportion of tumor cells were also reduced (P<0.05), and invasive ability of tumor cells was enhanced signiifcantly (P<0.05). Conclusion:Delta-catenin probably decreases apoptosis number of lung cancer cells via inhibiting the activity of JNK pathway, and then promotes invasive ability of tumor cells.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate a survey about acceptance of central slaughtering of live poultry in residents of Guangzhou.

METHODSWe conducted a telephone survey by sampling residents with fixed-line telephone and with normal hearing, whose age is more than 15 years, by Mitofsky-Waksberg two-stage method during Jan 6(th) to 8(th), 2014. 358 residents finished the telephone questionnaire by 12 320 health hot line. We investigated the acceptance rate of city-wide central slaughtering permanently. We compared the difference between the respondents and the 2010 Guangzhou census data by Cohen's effect sizes (w) and weighted by population age and sex. We used χ(2) test to compare the acceptance rate of central slaughtering in residents with different characteristic. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to analyze the factors.

RESULTSThe difference in gender and age was small between respondents and the 2010 Guangzhou census data (w value was 0.13, 0.28, respectively), but that in education and marital status was large (w value was 0.52, 0.31, respectively). 49.0% (95% CI: 43.7%-54.3%) accept city-wide central slaughtering permanently. The acceptance rate of city-wide central slaughtering permanently in those who bought fresh, chilled and frozen poultry in their family in previous year was 54.3% (133/245), 60.0% (57/95) and 59.8% (49/82), respectively. It was more than those who didn't buy fresh, chilled and frozen poultry (38.1% (43/113), 44.9% (118/263) and 45.7% (126/276); χ(2) values were 8.15, 6.40 and 5.03; P values were 0.004, 0.011 and 0.025, respectively). The acceptance rate of city-wide central slaughtering permanently in those who deem fresh poultry taste better than live poultry was 64.9% (24/38). It more than those who deem not (47.0%, 151/320) (χ(2) = 4.22, 6.02, P = 0.040, 0.014, respectively). The acceptance rate of city-wide central slaughtering permanently in the male (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.64-4.37) and those who deem getting sick due to buying live birds from LPM (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.05-2.82), who can accept only fresh poultry carcass supply (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.33-4.30), Who bought live poultry in their family in previous year (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.74), who will decrease the consumption after ban on live poultry sale (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30-0.83) was 58.6% (109/186), 59.0% (92/156), 60.7% (139/230), 44.9% (132/295), 36.6% (68/186), respectively.

CONCLUSIONIn the early stage of avian influenza A(H7N9) epidemic in Guangzhou, the rate of acceptance of central slaughtering permanently in residents was not so high. Who deem getting sick due to buying live birds from LPM, who could accept only fresh poultry carcass supply and the male more accept city-wide central slaughtering permanently.

Animals ; Attitude to Health ; Birds ; Epidemics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; Influenza in Birds ; Influenza, Human ; Male ; Meat-Packing Industry ; Poultry ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To verify the association between common breast cancer susceptibility loci which have been confirmed in European and Asian populations and breast cancer susceptibility in sporadic breast cancer among the Han nationality in Henan province , and to analyze their genotypes in the internal type of breast cancer . Methods In 253 breast cancer patients ( the case group ) and 343 patients who had benign breast lesions ( the control group), rs2046210(6q25.1), rs2981582(EGFR2), rs889312(MAP3K1), and rs3803662(TOX3/TNRC9)were genotyped by SNP im-LDR technique.According to estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)and Ki67, breast cancer are divided into 5 types:Lu-minal A, Luminal B, HER2-enrich, Luminal HER2, and triple negative breast cancer ( TNBC).Results rs2046210(6q25.1), rs2981582(EGFR2), rs889312(MAP3K1)had no statistical differences between the case group and the control group(P=0.421, 0.459, and 0.468), but the genotype of rs3803662(TOX3/TNRC9)in the case group and the control group had statistical difference (P=0.037).The allelic frequencies of rs3803662 between the case group and control group were different in codominant inheritance ( OR=2.19, 95%CI:1.19-4.02)and recessive genetic models (OR =2.06,95% CI:1.15 -3.70).Compared with AA and GA, GG in-creased the risk of breast cancer ( P =0.012, 0.015 ).The genotypes of rs2046210 ( 6q25.1 ), rs2981582 (EGFR2), rs889312(MAP3K1), and rs3803662(TOX3/TNRC9)had no difference in different types of breast cancer.Conclusions Four common breast cancer susceptibility loci from GWAS are not entirely associated with breast cancer risk among the Han nationality in Henan province .Only rs3803662(TOX3/TNRC9)is confirmed to increase the risk of breast cancer .Different genotypes of 4 loci distribute equally in different types of breast cancer .

Background and purpose: As a member of Catenin family, little is known about expressive signiifcance and mechanism of Delta-catenin in numerous tumors. In present study, we investigated the expression of Delta-catenin in breast cancer tissues and its correlation with the prognosis of patients. Methods:We examined the expression of Delta-catenin and its correlation with clinicopathological factors of patients by immunohistochemistry in 92 cases of breast cancer tissues with tissue micro-array. The mRNA and protein expression of Delta-catenin were also detected in another 32 cases of frozen paired breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues. Results:Compared with normal breast tissues, the mRNA and protein expression of Delta-catenin were increased in breast cancer tissues, and expression of Delta-catenin was closely associated with histological grade and lymph node metastasis (P=0.016 and 0.022, respectively). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with high Delta-catenin expression had shorter survival than patients with low expression (P=0.015), and multivariate Cox analysis revealed that high Delta-catenin expression was also an independent prognostic factor (P=0.017). Conclusion:Our results suggest that Delta-catenin acts as an oncoprotein when overexpressed in breast cancer, and its expression is associated with poor prognosis of patients.