Objective To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of interleukin-27 (IL-27),adenosine de-aminase (ADA) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in tuberculous pleurisy (TBP).Methods The pleural effusion sam-ples in 315 cases visiting in this hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 were collected.Among them,165 cases diagnosed as TBP were included in the TBP group,and the other 150 samples were included in the control group (mainly malignant pleural effusion).The levels of IL-27,ADA and IFN-γ in pleural effusion were detec-ted.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn,and the sensitivity and specificity of each indicator alone and combined diagnosis were evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC).Results The levels of IL-27,ADA and IFN-γ in the TBP group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The AUC value of single indicator in diagnosing TBP all exceeded 0.85,in which AUC of ADA for diagnosing TBP was maximal (0.92),when its optimal cutoff value was 22.48 U/L,the sensitivity and specificity of diag-nosis were 80.61％ and 93.33％,respectively,when the combined diagnosis,the diagnostic efficiency of IL-27 and IFN-γ combination was optimal,the AUC value was 0.94,the sensitivity and specificity were 89.70％ and 93.33％ respectively.Conclusion The single indicator of IL-27,ADA and IFN-γ has the higher diagnostic ef-ficiency for TBP,but the combination diagnosis of IL-27 and IFN-γ has more advantages.

8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is a potent estrogen with high medicinal values. It also serves as an important precursor for many prenylated flavonoids. Microbial synthesis of 8-PN is mainly hindered by the low catalytic activity of prenyltransferases (PTS) and insufficient supply of precursors. In this work, a SfN8DT-1 from Sophora flavescens was used to improve the efficiency of (2S)-naringenin prenylation. The predicted structure of SfN8DT-1 showed that its main body is comprised of 9 α-helices and 8 loops, along with a long side chain formed by nearly 120 amino acids. SfN8DT-1 mutants with different side-chain truncated were tested in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A mutant expressing the truncated enzyme at K62 site, designated as SfND8T-1-t62, produced the highest 8-PN titer. Molecular docking of SfN8DT-1-t62 with (2S)-naringenin and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) showed that K185 was a potentially crucial residue. Alanine scanning within a range of 0.5 nm around these two substrates showed that the mutant K185A may decrease its affinity to substrates, which also indicated K185 was a potentially critical residue. Besides, the mutant K185W enhanced the affinity to ligands implied by the simulated saturation mutation, while the saturated mutation of K185 showed a great decrease in 8-PN production, indicating K185 is vital for the activity of SfN8DT-1. Subsequently, overexpressing the key genes of Mevalonate (MVA) pathway further improved the titer of 8-PN to 31.31 mg/L, which indicated that DMAPP supply is also a limiting factor for 8-PN synthesis. Finally, 44.92 mg/L of 8-PN was produced in a 5 L bioreactor after 120 h, which is the highest 8-PN titer reported to date.
Dimethylallyltranstransferase/metabolism* ; Flavonoids/metabolism* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Prenylation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism* ; Sophora/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the kinetic metrics of 68Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04 in pancreatic cancers and normal organs by using total-body PET dynamic imaging. Methods:From December 2020 to December 2021, 68Ga-FAPI-04 total-body PET/CT dynamic imaging were performed on 6 pancreatic cancer patients (3 males, 3 females, median age 55.5 years) in Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Images were respectively analyzed. Manual delineations of volume of interests (VOIs) on multiple normal organs and pathological lesions were performed and time-to-activity curves (TACs) were generated. A reversible two-tissue compartment model (2TCM) was fitted for each tissue TAC. Rate constants including K1, k2, k3 and k4, and the total volume of distribution ( Vt) were obtained and compared by tissue types. Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results:Kinetic metrics varied significantly among normal organs and pancreatic cancer lesions ( z values: 2.00-1 240.00, all P<0.05). The highest K1 among lesions was observed in primary tumor (0.30 min -1), which was observed in the spleen (1.42 min -1) among normal organs. The highest k2 among lesions was observed in peritoneal metastases (0.24 min -1), which was observed in the spleen (2.59 min -1) among normal organs. Primary tumor showed the highest k3 of 0.17 min -1 among lesions, and the pancreas had the highest k3 of 0.16 min -1 among normal organs. Primary tumor had the highest k4 of 0.03 min -1 among lesions, and the heart, lungs, parotid glands had high k4(0.06 min -1) among normal organs. Vt were higher in pathological lesions compared to normal organs, with the highest in primary tumor (13.78 ml/cm 3). There were correlations between Vt in lesions and SUV mean( rs=0.86, P<0.001) or SUV max ( rs=0.77, P<0.001). Conclusion:The rate constants including K1, k2, k3 and k4, and Vt of 68Ga-FAPI-04 vary among normal organs and lesions.

Microalgae is an easy-to-obtain natural biological material with many varieties and abundant natural reserves. Microalgae are rich in natural fluorescein, which can be used as a contrast agent for fluorescence imaging and photoacoustic imaging for medical imaging. With its active surface, microalgae can effectively adsorb functional molecules, metal elements, etc., and have good application prospects in the field of drug delivery. Microalgae can generate oxygen through photosynthesis to increase local oxygen concentration, reverse local hypoxia to enhance the efficacy of hypoxic tumors and promote wound healing. In addition, microalgae have good biocompatibility, and different administration methods have no obvious toxicity. This paper reviews the research progress on the biomedical application of microalgae in bioimaging, drug delivery, hypoxic tumor treatment, wound healing.
Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Microalgae ; Oxygen ; Wound Healing

Objective:To determine the role of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial stem cells (AEC Ⅱ) in radiation-induced pulmonary injury and investigate the potential mechanism by observing the dynamic changes in the expression levels of anti-prosurfactant protein C (proSP-C) proSP-C (AEC Ⅱ biomarker), homeobox only protein X (HOPX, type I alveolar epithelial cell biomarker) or vimentin (a mesenchymal marker) and transforming growth factor β 1(TGF-β 1), a profibrotic cytokine. Methods:Eight-week old C57BL/6j female mice were exposed to X-ray thoracic irradiation. Mouse lungs were collected at 8 different time points of 24 h, 1 week, 1 to 6 months after irradiation. The histopathological changes of the lungs at different time points were observed with H& E staining to determine the time of formation of pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, the co-expression of proSP-C with HOPX or vimentin in AEC Ⅱ was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining to track AEC Ⅱ phenotypes at different injury phases following thoracic irradiation. The expression levels of those proteins and TGF-β 1 were quantitatively detected by Western blot. Results:After thoracic exposure to a single dose of 20 Gy X-ray for 3 months, the fibrotic lesions in the lungs could be noted. The co-expression of proSP-C with vimentin or HOPX could be observed in AEC Ⅱ. Western blot demonstrated that the expression levels of TGF-β 1 and those proteins were also changed along with the lung injury. Conclusion:AEC Ⅱ can be differentiated into mesenchymal-like cells after X-ray irradiation due to the up-regulated expression of TGF-β 1, which is a potential cause of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To compare the clinical results of laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (LSPDP) and open spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (OSPDP).Methods From Jan 2014 to Aug 2017,the clinical results of 30 patients undergoing LSPDP were compared with those of 20 OSPDP patients.The postoperative pancreatic fistula rate was the main observation index.Results There was significant difference in operation time [(140.33 ±55.93) min vs.(182.71 ±43.51)min],blood loss [(175.61 ± 180.78) ml vs.(253.51 ± 176.06) ml],postoperative hospital stay [(6.16 ± 7.22) d vs.(8.85 ± 9.36) d],postoperative exhaust [(2.17 ± 1.43) d vs.(3.10 ± 1.89) d],and postoperative feeding time [(2.26 ± 1.78)d vs.(3.42 ±2.01)d] between LSPDP and OSPDP.LSPDP group was better than OSPDP group (all P ＜ 0.05).The rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula (66.7％ vs.70.0％) and overall complications (80％ vs.90.0％) were not statistically different between the two groups.Pancreatic leakage occurred in 20 cases,lung infection in 1 case,peritoneal infection in 1 case and chylous leakage in one case in LSPDP group,while pancreatic leakage in 14 cases,lung infection in 2 cases,and peritoneal infection in 2 cases in OSPDP group,all were cured by conservative therapy.Conclusions LSPDP is a safe,effective,less traumatic and more economic surgical approach for benign cystic tumors located at the body or tail of the pancreas.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy(Lap-RAMPS) for left-sided pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods: Clinical data of total 12 patients underwent Lap-RAMPS for left-sided pancreatic adenocarcinoma at Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital from March 2016 to August 2017 were reviewed retrospectively.There were 7 male patients and 5 female patients, with median age of 60.5 years old(47-68 years old). Abdominal enhanced CT, pancreatic MRI, PET-CT were performed on all patients to evaluate the lesion and exclude metastasis.Follow-up were done with out-patient clinic or telephone consultancy until October 2017. Results: All patients underwent pure Lap-RAMPS.The medium operative time was 250 minutes(180-445 minutes), and the blood loss was 150 ml(50-500 ml). The medium first flatus time and diet resumption time were 3.0 days(1-5 days) and 3.5 days(1-7 days) respectively.The medium postoperative hospital stay was 9 days(4-18 days). Morbidity occurred in 8 patients with gastric empty delay(n=1), bleeding(n=1), fluid collection(n=3). There was no mortality.The medium overall number of retrived lymph nodes was 15.6 and the positive rate was 41.7%. The R0 rate was 100%.The medium follow-up was 10 months.One patient was diagnosed as liver metastasis after 8 months and accepted chemotherapy.One patient died after 14 months for tumor recurrence and metastasis.Others survived without tumor recurrence or metasitasis. Conclusion Lap-RAMPS is safe and feasible with accepted oncological outcomes for selected left side pancreatic adenocarcinoma under skilled hands.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasible of adjacent organ resection during laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD),and summary the surgical strategies.Methods Clinical data of 15 adjacent organ resections combined with LPD from March 2013 to September 2017 were reviewed.There were 10 male and 5 female patients aging from 20 to 86 years,and the body mass index ranged from 19.6 to 34.5 kg/m2.Two patients had previous abdominal surgical history.Two patients underwent preoperative chemotherapy.Results The resected adjacent organs included liver (n =4),stomach (n =3),colon(n =6),right kidney with embolectomy and vasoplastic of inferior vena cava (n =1),and spleen artery aneurysms(n =1).The operative time ranged from 280 to 450 minutes,and the blood loss ranged from 100 to 450 ml.The total complication rate was 5/15 and no one died in 90 days after surgery.The postoperative hospital stay ranged from 10 to 42 days with medium 18 days.The pathology included adenocarcinoma of stomach and duodenum (n =1),gastric cancer invading pancreas or duodenum (n=2),ampullary adenocarcinoma with left hepatolithiasis(n=1),ampullary adenocarcinoma with a benign lesion in left liver (n =1),ampullary adenocarcinoma with single liver metastasis (n =1),ampullary adenocarcinoma(n =1),pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with splenic artery aneurysms (n=1),pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm with colon cancer (n =1),distal common bile duct adenocarcinoma involving righ hepatic duct (n =1),pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm invading inferior vena cava and right renal vein(n=1),duodenal adnocarcinoma(n =1),duodenal ewing's sarcoma(n =1),duodenal intesititialoma (n =2).The follow-up was from 3 to 40 months with the medium survival of 17.5 months.Conclusions The oncological outcomes of PD combined with adjacent organ resection is acceptable.Surgical treatment for those patients with periampullary neoplasma and adjacent organ lesions should be aggressive.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasible of adjacent organ resection during laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD),and summary the surgical strategies.Methods Clinical data of 15 adjacent organ resections combined with LPD from March 2013 to September 2017 were reviewed.There were 10 male and 5 female patients aging from 20 to 86 years,and the body mass index ranged from 19.6 to 34.5 kg/m2.Two patients had previous abdominal surgical history.Two patients underwent preoperative chemotherapy.Results The resected adjacent organs included liver (n =4),stomach (n =3),colon(n =6),right kidney with embolectomy and vasoplastic of inferior vena cava (n =1),and spleen artery aneurysms(n =1).The operative time ranged from 280 to 450 minutes,and the blood loss ranged from 100 to 450 ml.The total complication rate was 5/15 and no one died in 90 days after surgery.The postoperative hospital stay ranged from 10 to 42 days with medium 18 days.The pathology included adenocarcinoma of stomach and duodenum (n =1),gastric cancer invading pancreas or duodenum (n=2),ampullary adenocarcinoma with left hepatolithiasis(n=1),ampullary adenocarcinoma with a benign lesion in left liver (n =1),ampullary adenocarcinoma with single liver metastasis (n =1),ampullary adenocarcinoma(n =1),pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with splenic artery aneurysms (n=1),pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm with colon cancer (n =1),distal common bile duct adenocarcinoma involving righ hepatic duct (n =1),pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm invading inferior vena cava and right renal vein(n=1),duodenal adnocarcinoma(n =1),duodenal ewing's sarcoma(n =1),duodenal intesititialoma (n =2).The follow-up was from 3 to 40 months with the medium survival of 17.5 months.Conclusions The oncological outcomes of PD combined with adjacent organ resection is acceptable.Surgical treatment for those patients with periampullary neoplasma and adjacent organ lesions should be aggressive.

Objective To explore the risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus and its influence on pregnancy outcome,and to provide guidance for early intervention of gestational diabetes to improve pregnancy outcome in clinic.Methods Totally 159 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 as observation group were collected,and at the same time,634 healthy pregnancy women as control group were collected.The risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus were analyzed by the Logistic regression analysis and comparison of pregnancy outcome between two groups was conducted.Results The patients in the observation group with age ≥ 35 years,overweight or obesity before pregnancy,adverse pregnancy history,family history of diabetes,hypertension and vaginal candida and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 35 years,overweight or obesity before pregnancy,adverse pregnancy history,family history of diabetes,and positive TPOAb were the independent risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus,OR was 2.441,2.889,1.486,4.879,and 1.323,respectively;the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of premature rupture of membrane,pregnancy hypertensive disorder,premature birth,polyhydramnios,uterine-incision and postpartum hemorrhage in observation group were higher than those in control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of giant baby,fetal distress and mild neonatal asphyxia were higher than those in control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).No statistical significance in fetal growth restriction,neonatal malformations between two groups was found (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Age ≥35 years,overweight or obesity before pregnancy,adverse pregnancy history,family history of diabetes,and thyroid dysfunction were the independent risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus,and it has serious effect on pregnancy outcome,so that it should take measures to prevent the independent risk factors.