Objective To investigate the prevalence of perimenopausal syndrome and relative risk factors in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in Chongqing city .Methods Totally 1 680 questionnaires from women with perimenopausal syndrome , all the objects were patients who visited gynecology clinic from January 2013 to June 2014 in Chongqing .Results The average men‐arche age was (14 .71 ± 1 .95) years old ;average menopause age was (47 .22 ± 3 .13) years old in 1 680 perimenopausal women . 93 .51% (1 571/1 680) objects were diagnosed perimenopausal syndrome ,mainly presented to be forgetfulness ,sleep disorder ,irrita‐bility ,palpitation ,headache ,hot flashes ,sweating ,loss of libido ,orgasmic dysfunction ,dyspareunia ,colpoxerosis ,bone ,joint and muscle pain ,paraesthesia of skin ,depression .The risk factors were analyzed ,forgetfulness(P < 0 .01) ,sleep disorder(P < 0 .01) , menopause(P< 0 .01) ,normal sex or not(P< 0 .05) ,the attitude of sex(P< 0 .05) ,and the attitude of menopause(P< 0 .05) .Con‐clusion Most women in the period of perimenopausal have the problem with perimenopausal syndrome .The special service should be provided to perimenopausal women ,such as knowledge about perimenopausal and rational hormone replacement therapy .

OBJECTIVETo know the effect of different selection techniques on chromosome abnormality rate and the percentage of spermatozoa with relatively intact head ultrastructure in human sperm.

METHODSThe selection techniques of swim-up, Percoll density gradient centrifugation and doule-flection tube were used to observe sperm chromosome abnormality rate, sex chromosomal ratio and the percentage of spermatozoa with relatively intact head ultrastructure.

RESULTSThe sperm chromosome abnormality rate, sex chromosomal ratio and the percentage of spermatozoa with relatively intact head ultrastructure remained unchanged after the application of the three selection techniques(P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe three selection techniques used in this study neither increase the damage to sperm ultrastructure nor exert effects on human chromosome.

Objective To explore the significance of the changes of vaginal lactobacilli in normal pregnant women and those with bacterial vaginosis(BV). Methods A total of 309 pregnant women, including 50 pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis, were randomly selected. Lactobacilli isolated from the vaginas of pregnant women were identified by biochemical methods. The distribution of lactobacilli in the vaginas of pregnant women was observed. The ability to produce H 2O 2 and decrease the culture environment PH among four common lactobacilli in the vaginas of pregnant women was also compared. Results The detectable rate of lactobacilli in vaginas of the normal pregnant women was obviously higher than that of women with bacterial vaginosis. The predominant lactobacilli colonizing in the vaginas of the normal pregnant women were L. crispatus and L. acidophilus , most of which could produce H 2O 2. The frequency of H 2O 2 positive isolation in the vaginas of pregnant women was significantly higher than that of BV. Conclusion The study indicates that H 2O 2 positive lactobacilli plays an important role in the protection against vaginal infections in pregnant women.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of laparoscopic surgery combined with traditional Chinese medicines for chronic pelvic inflammation. Methods From January 2000 to January 2002, 500 patients with chronic pelvic inflammation received treatment of traditional Chinese medicines after they underwent laparoscopic surgery. The clinical data of these 500 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results Postoperative hydrotubation showed that bilateral unblocked tubes significantly increased from 62 to 102 (P

Objective To explore relationship of CD44 and transforming growth factor-? 1 (TGF-? 1) in endometriosis (EM) patients. Methods The histopathological changes and the expressions of CD44 and TGF-? 1 were observed and determined by immunohistochemistry in 17 cases of ectopic endometrium of EM patients and 17 cases of ovarian ectopic endometrium of EM patients. The other 20 cases of non-endometriosis and non-tumorous endometrial tissues were used as the control group. Results No difference in the expressions of CD44 and TGF-? 1 was found in the ectopic endometrium of EM patients and the control group, but the expressions in the ovarian ectopic endometrium of EM patients were significantly higher than those in the control group. Conclusion The abnormal expressions of CD44 and TGF-? 1 in ectopic endometrium of EM patients may be associated with the genesis and progression of EM.

Objective To investigate the effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on the ovary in rats. Methods Forty female SD rats in normal estrous cycles were randomly divided into PBS group and NDGA group, subcutaneously injected of PBS solution and 3% NDGA at the dose of 30 mg/kg respectively every other day for 16 d. The serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E 2) and progesterone (P) were measured by chemiluminoimmunoassay before and after administration and the mating was confirmed by the occurrence of vaginal plugs and the morphological changes of uterus and ovaries were examined by immunohistochemistry after administration. Results None of the NDGA-treated rats were able to successfully mate as the absence of vaginal plugs were detected. The endometrium could maturate in all of the NDGA-treated rats, but there had a decrease not only in the number of endometrial glands, but also the proliferation rate of the glandular epithelial cells, the endometrial stroma cells, the vessels and the microvacular density (P

Objective To investigate the changes of ANF mRNA expression in the myocardial tissues of rat embryo and neonate induced by 2,3,7,8-TCDD so as to determine if TCDD can cause injuries of cardiac functions. Methods SD rat embryos were divided into 4 groups respectively exposed to TCDD at the dose of 0.05,0.5,5,10 ?g/kg. The mRNA expression of ANF/ANP in the myocardial tissues of rat embryos of day 15,19 and suckling rats aged 5 days were detected by semiquantitative RTPCR analysis. Results TCDD could upregulate ANF mRNA expression in the myocardial tissues of rat embryos and suckling rats,as compared with control group. Conclusion TCDD can upregulate ANF mRNA expression in myocardial tissues,suggesting that TCDD may cause injuries of cardiac functions of rat embryos and suckling rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), dexamethasone (DEX), and S adenomethionine (SAMe) on the pregnant rats with intrahepatic cholestasis induced by ethinylestradiol (EE). Methods A total of 50 15 day pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, EE group, UDCA group, DEX group, and SAMe group. In EE group, rats were subcutaneously injected with EE (2.5 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) for 5 d. In the control group, rats received subcutaneous injection of appropriate volume of propylene glycol (PG) for 5 d. In UDCA, SAMe, and DEX groups, rats were administered with the same dose of EE plus UDCA (100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ), SAMe (100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ), and DEX (1 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) for 5 d, respectively. The serum levels of aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), glycocholic acid (GC), and total bilirubin were measured after cesarean. Morphologic changes of the liver of pregnant rats and the growth and development of the fetal rats were observed. Results The serum levels of ALT, ALP, GC in rats of UDCA group were decreased significantly as compared with those in DEX group ( P

Objective　To investigate the effect of breast milk and some other kinds of infant foods on the adhesion of EPEC to Hela cells and intestinal mucosa so as to understand the possible protective mechanism of breast-feeding in the intestine of infants. Methods　The adhesion of EPEC to Hela cells and intestinal mucosa were examined by cell culture, bacterial adherence test, light and electron microscopy in the mediums that contain breast milk, cow's milk and formula milk or contain ecal filtrate of the infants fed by breast milk and formula milk respectively. Results　Adhesive index for EPEC to Hela cells was significantly lower in the medium containing breast milk than in control and so did in the fecal medium containing breast fed infants than artificial feeding infants. Conclusion　Breast milk may inhibit the adhesion of EPEC to infant intestine.

Objective　To explore the changes of ER-IR and the ultra structure in the medial preoptic area, arcuate nuclei of early-aged mice treated with estrogen. Methods　Immunohistochemistry assay and electron microscopy were used in this study. Results　ER-IR in the medical preoptic area and arcuate nuclei were greatly reduced after estrogen was given. The cell nuclei of neurons in these areas migrated towards the side, the nuclear membrane became folded, synapse became richer, and the number of synapse vesicle increased. Conclusion　Estrogen can affect the neuron structure and function through the change of estrogen receptor expression in the medial preoptic area and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus cardiovascular center.