Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy uses photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species under light exposure to inhibit pathogenic bacteria.Although its application in the management of oral infectious diseases has in-creased over recent years,it is limited by inadequate tissue and biofilm penetration and suboptimal bioavailability exhib-ited by individual photosensitizers.These challenges can potentially be surmounted through the integration of nanomate-rials,such as polymers,metals and metal oxides,metal-organic frameworks,and carbon and silicon nanomaterials.Polymers allow the controlled release of photosensitizers through structural adjustments but have low stability,while metals and metal oxides possess strong antibacterial properties but can be potentially toxic.Meanwhile,metal-organic frameworks have flexible structures and multifunctionality but have low stability and potential toxicity.Moreover,carbon and silicon nanomaterials,despite exhibiting excellent antibacterial properties and biocompatibility,have limited appli-cation due to high production costs.Materials with inherent antibacterial properties,such as chitosan and graphene ox-ide,have broader application prospects,as they can form multimodal antibacterial platforms with photosensitizers,en-hancing the antibacterial effects and eliminating infections.Future research could incorporate other functional materials,such as anti-inflammatory agents and immunomodulatory materials,to construct comprehensive therapeutic nanoplat-forms for the treatment of oral infectious diseases.

Objective: To understand the longitudinal changes of refractive errors in adolescent myopia screening in the suburb of Shanghai, and to provide reference for targeted measures of myopia prevention and intervention. Methods: By using the cluster sampling method, 1 346 students were selected from two primary schools in a town in the suburb of Shanghai. Physical development indicators and refractive examination parameters of non ciliary muscle paralysis, and uncorrected visual acuity in 2017 and 2020 were collected from the Shanghai adolescent refractive development file. Longitudinal change of spherical equivalent (SE) refractive were assessed. A linear regression model was used to examine the relationship between the rate of SE change with characteristics of the students. Results: The average annual incidence of myopia was 16.36%, and the SE degrees of the left and right eyes of myopia students decreased by 225 degrees for three years. Girls (right eye Z=-4.33; left eye Z=-3.75, P<0.01), newly-onset myopia and persistent myopia (right eye Z=634.45; left eye Z=638.85, P<0.01) was a key for the rapid progress of refractive power. Conclusion The proportion of students with severe low vision is relatively high, and the apparent shifts toward more hyperopia in myopia students call for effective prevention and control programs based on changes in refractive to slow the progression of adolescent myopia.