The organization of the brain follows a topological hierarchy that changes dynamically during development. However, it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during development can modify this hierarchical topology. By measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) training for five years (starting from 7 years to 12 years old) in pre-training and post-training, we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical topology. We observed the development-induced emergence of the default network, AMC training-promoted shifting, and regional changes in cortical gradients. Moreover, the training-induced gradient changes were located in visual and somatomotor areas in association with the visuospatial/motor-imagery strategy. We found that gradient-based features can predict the math ability within groups. Our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic nature of network recruitment impacted by long-term cognitive training during development.
Child ; Humans ; Cognitive Training ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Motor Cortex

Objective To compare the results of accumulation and continuation methods in indoor radon measurement. Methods The radon concentrations in 30 households in 7 provincial capital cities of China were simultaneously measured using both accumulation and continuation methods. Results The radon concentration measured by accumulation method in 30 households ranged from 21 to 323 Bq/m³, with a median M(P₂₅, P₇₅) of 70.5 (43.8, 111). The radon concentration measured by the continuation method ranged from 16.1 to 258 Bq/m³, with a median M(P₂₅, P₇₅) of 100 (51.3, 141). The average relative percent deviation between the two measurement methods was 41.8%. There were significant differences among the measurement results at 8, 16, and 24 h by the continuation method. Pairwise comparisons showed there were statistical diffferences between 8 h and 16 h, as well as between 8 h and 24h; however, no statistical significance was found (P < 0.05), between 16 h and 24 h. Conclusion The overall continuous measurement results of the 30 households were higher than those of cumulation method. The comparison between accumulation and continuation measurement results did not show a high level of correlation (r=0.49). The continuation method is significantly affected by environmental factors, and the length of the measurement period can affect the measurement results. The selection of indoor radon measurement methods should consider the purpose, sample size, and environmental conditions.

Autologous ozonized blood transfusion(AOBT) is a therapy of re-transfusion of 100-200 mL of autologous blood after shaking and agitation with appropriate amount of oxygen-ozone in vitro. The oxidation of blood through the strong oxidation of ozone can enhance the non-specific immune response of the body, regulate the internal environment and promote health. This therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, while no unified standard for the operation process in terms of ozone concentration, treatment frequency and treatment course had been established. This operation process of AOBT is primarily explored in order to standardize the operation process and ensure its safety and efficacy.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of lymphatic plasma therapy(LPE)combined with semi whole blood exchange on patients with moderate to severe anemia caused by severe postoperative infection.Methods Thirty patients who developed severe postoperative infections with moderate to severe anemia and were treated with antibiotics for 48 to 72 hours but failed to meet the criteria were divided into an observation group(LPE combined with semi whole blood replacement surgery and antibiotic treatment,n = 15)and a control group(conventional antibiotic anti infection and blood transfusion treatment,n = 15).Evaluation indicators of infection and anemia between and within two groups before and after treatment,and the treatment effect were compared,respectively.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the observation indicators of infection and anemia between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05);After each treatment,there was a statistically sig-nificant difference in the evaluation and observation indicators of infection and anemia between the two groups(P<0.05);Observation group:There was a statistically significant difference in the observation and evaluation in-dicators of infection and anemia before and after treatment within the group(P<0.05);Control group:Compared within the group before and after treatment,there was no significant decrease in WBC,NEUT,and NEU observation indicators,and CRP and PCT observation indicators showed an upward trend,while RBC,HBG,and HCT did not show a significant increase.The difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05);Conclusions The com-bination of LPE and semi whole blood replacement surgery is superior to the conventional treatment regimen of anti-biotics alone for anti-infection and blood transfusion to improve anemia symptoms in the treatment of postoperative severe anemia.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of two-way needle suture technique (TNST) in the minimally invasive repair of acute closed Achilles tendon rupture.Methods:From June 2019 to June 2021, 26 patients with acute closed Achilles tendon rupture were treated at Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital. They were 20 males and 6 females, with a mean age of 28 (23, 31) years. The rupture end was (4.2±1.3) cm away from the calcaneal insertion, and the interval from injury to operation 4.3 (2.0, 5.0) d. Preoperative MRI examinations revealed in all the patients closed Achilles tendon rupture which was to be repaired by TNST. The operation time, incision length, incidence of complications, ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion were recorded. The Arner-Lindholm scoring was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Results:The operation time was (20.0±5.0) min and the incision length (2.5±0.4) cm. Postoperatively, all incisions healed by the first stage, with no complications like incision infection, skin edge necrosis, deep vein thrombosis at lower limbs, injury to the sural nerve, or re-rupture of the Achilles tendon. All patients were followed up for (12.0±6.0) months. At the last follow-up, the patients walked normally, their incisions healed well, the continuity of the Achilles tendon was good by palpation, their heel lift was strong, and all their activities were restored to the levels before rupture of the Achilles tendon. The ankle dorsiflexion was 22.6°±3.7° and the plantar flexion 25.3°±3.7°, According to the Arner-Lindholm evaluation, the clinical efficacy was rated as excellent in 25 cases and as good in 1 case, giving an excellent and good rate of 100% (26/26).Conclusion:In the minimally invasive repair of acute closed Achilles tendon rupture, TNST shows the advantages of limited surgical invasion, a low incidence of postoperative complications, and reliable curative effects.

Objective To investigate the indoor radon concentration and its changing trend in northeastern China. Methods We measured indoor radon levels cumulatively for over three months by solid state nuclear track detection in a total of 261 houses in multi-story or high-rise buildings in Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin, Heihe, and Yichun in northeastern China. The measurement lasted one year in Changchun for seasonal changes. Results The average indoor radon concentration in the five cities was 88 Bq/m³, ranging from 12 to 558 Bq/m³. The indoor radon concentrations were ≤ 100 Bq/m³ in 75.1% of the houses, and ≤ 300 Bq/m³ in 97.7% of the houses. The indoor radon concentration increased with the age of buildings. The indoor radon concentration was highest in winter, and it was higher in summer than in autumn and spring. Conclusion The indoor radon concentration in northeastern China increased compared with the data of 1980s and 1990s. It is highest in the winter heating season, and higher in summer than in spring and autumn. Indoor radon exposure deserves attention.

Humans ; COVID-19 ; Consensus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; China

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of periosteum-covered iliac crest autografts for treatment of severe osteochondral lesions of talus （OCLTs）.Methods:A retrospective case series study was used to analyze the clinical data of 26 patients with severe OCLTs treated at Zhejiang Armed Police Corps Hospital from January 2013 to October 2019. There were 21 males and 5 females，aged 17-49 years ［（36.3 ± 10.9）years］. All patients were treated using periosteum-covered iliac crest autografts. The visual analogue scale （VAS），American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society （AOFAS） ankle-hindfoot score and ankle joint range of motion （ROM） were assessed before operation，6 months after operation and at the last follow-up （≥ 12 months）. The area of talus injury with MRI at the same level was recorded before operation and at the last follow-up. The healing of talus and joint surface was detected with CT at the last follow-up. The healing of the incision and osteotomy site and complications were observed.Results:All patients were followed for 12 to 22 months［（15.1 ± 3.2）months］. The VAS was （2.4 ± 0.9）points and （1.7 ± 0.6）points at postoperative 6 months and at the last follow-up，significantly lower than the preoperative （5.4 ± 1.2）points （ P < 0.01）. Meanwhile，the VAS at the last follow-up was significantly lower than that at postoperative 6 months （ P < 0.01）. The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was （71.7 ± 7.8）points and （87.8 ± 6.2） points at postoperative 6 months and at the last follow-up，significantly lower than the preoperative （66.5 ± 7.5） points （ P < 0.01）. Meanwhile，the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot at the last follow-up was significantly lower than that at postoperative 6 months （ P < 0.01）. The ankle ROM was （58.4 ± 5.5）° and （70.0 ± 4.9）° at postoperative 6 months and at the last follow-up，significantly improved when compared to the preoperative （42.3 ± 8.1）° （ P < 0.01）. Meanwhile，the ankle ROM at the last follow-up was significantly improved when compared to that at postoperative 6 months （ P < 0.01）. The area of talus injury with MRI at the same level was 0.67（0.55，0.89）cm 2 at the last follow-up，significantly improved when compared to preoperative 2.64（1.98，3.68）cm 2 （ P < 0.01）. The transplantation had neither obvious defects nor joint surface steps based on CT findings. All surgical incisions were healed by first intention. There were no complications such as incision infection，skin necrosis，nonunion of osteotomy，malunion or severe ankle joint disorder except that 8 patients had residual local subchondral bone?marrow?edema-like?signal?and 2 patients showed delayed healing of medial malleolus osteotomy. Conclusion:For patients with severe OCLTs，periosteum-covered iliac crest autografts can effectively relieve ankle pain，improve ankle function，and reduce the area of injury.

Objective:To evaluate the association between thrombus composition and mechanical recanalization,operation procedure and clinical outcome.Methods:One hundred and ninety-two consecutive stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion treated by mechanical thrombectomy using a stent retriever and (or) aspiration catheter in the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2018 and January 2020 were collected. The retrieved thrombi were quantitatively analyzed for red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and fibrin. The patients were divided into two groups, a erythrocyte-rich group and a fibrin-rich group based on the predominant composition in the clot. The clinical prognosis, CT value of thrombus, procedure time,number of recanalization maneuvers, and degree of vascular recanalization were compared between the two groups.Results:The retrieved clot from 138 patients with acute ischemic stroke from internal carotid artery occlusion ( n=56), middle cerebral artery occlusion ( n=62), intracranial segment of vertebral artery or basilar artery occlusion( n=20) were histologically analyzed. Erythrocyte-rich clots were present in 59 cases, while fibrin-rich clots were present in 79 cases. Cardioembolic thrombi had higher proportions of fibrin/platelets [77.2%(61/79)], less erythrocytes than noncardioembolic thrombi [45.8%(27/59), χ2=8.115, P=0.004]. Patients with erythrocyte-rich thrombi had a smaller number of recanalization maneuvers [2 (1, 2) vs 3 (2, 4), Z=-7.613, P<0.001], shorter procedure time [45 (30, 60) min vs 80 (60, 90) min, Z=-6.944, P<0.001], higher thrombus CT value [42 (32, 53) vs 36 (31, 41), Z=-2.003, P=0.045], good clinical prognosis (the ratio of modified Rankin Scale score ≤2, 62.7% (37/59) vs 39.2% (31/79), χ2=7.444, P=0.006). There was no significant difference in the location of vascular occlusion between the two groups. Conclusion:For patients whose thrombotic components are mainly red blood cells, the cause of stroke may be non cardiogenic cerebral embolism, the CT value of embolus is relatively high, the embolus is easy to remove, and the clinical prognosis is relatively good.

Objective:To investigate the relations of thrombotic components with cause of stroke, procedure of mechanical thrombectomy, degrees of vascular recanalization and clinical prognoses in patients with large vessel occlusive cerebral infarction.Methods:One hundred and thirty-eight patients with large vessel occlusive cerebral infarction accepted mechanical thrombectomy using stent retriever and/or aspiration catheter in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were chosen. These patients were divided into two groups, a erythrocyte-rich group and a fibrin-rich group, based on the predominant composition in the clots. The baseline clinical data, procedure time, number of recanalization maneuvers, degrees of vascular recanalization and clinical prognoses were compared between the two groups. The relations of infiltration degrees of erythrocytes and fibrin in embolus with procedure time were investigated.Results:The components of thrombus clots were mainly erythrocytes, fibrin, leukocytes, and platelets; erythrocyte-rich clots were presented in 59 patients, and fibrin-rich clots were presented in 79 patients. There was no significant difference in age, gender, preoperative NIHSS scores, proportions of hypertension, proportion of diabetes and proportion of vascular recanalization between the two groups ( P>0.05). As compared with patients from erythrocyterich group, patients in the fibrin-rich group had significantly higher proportion of cardioembolic thrombus (22.8% vs. 77.2%), statically larger number of recanalization maneuvers (2 [1, 2] times vs. 3 [2, 4] times), significantly longer procedure times (45 [30, 60] min vs. 80 [60, 90] min), and significantly lower proportion of patients with modifed Rankin scale (mRS) scores≤2 90 d after surgery (62.7% vs. 39.2%, P<0.05). Procedure time was negatively correlated with erythrocyte infiltration ( r= -0.562, P=0.005) and positively correlated with fibrin infiltration ( r=0.567, P=0.010). Conclusions:Different components of thrombus suggest the etiology of stroke may be different. Thrombus removal is relatively easy in patients with erythrocyte-rich clots, and the clinical prognosis is relatively good.