Objective : To investigate the expression of genes and proteins in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC) cystine / glutamate antiporter system (System Xc-) / glutathione ( GSH) / glutathione peroxidase 4 ( GPX4) ferroptosis pathway and its influence on inflammatory factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) ． Methods : 30 patients with RA and 30 healthy participants were enrolled．PBMCs were isolated using Ficoll-hypaque density gradient centrifugation．The cells were categorized into the healthy control，RA，ferroptosis inhibitor，ferroptosis in- ducer group．The cell viability was checked using the cell counting kit-8 ( CCK-8) method．Intracellular Fe2 + rela- tive fluorescence intensity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using the FerroOrange and Di- hydroethidium (DHE) fluorescent probes，respectively．Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) de- tected the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) ，solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) ，GPX4 proteins and mRNA．And the flow cytometry quantified the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) ，Interleukin (IL) -1，and IL-6 in the supernatant of each cell group. Results : Compared to the healthy control group，the RA group showed a significantly increased Fe2 + concentration and elevated ROS levels，reduced expression of Nrf2，SLC7A11 and GPX4 proteins and mRNA，and increased contents of TNF-α , IL-1 and IL-6 in PBMC supernatant，and the differences were statistically significant．The concentration of Fe2 + and ROS levels in the inhibitor group were lower than those in the RA group，the proteins expressions of Nrf2，SLC7A11 and GPX4 increased，the mRNA expressions of SLC7A11 and GPX4 increased，the content of IL-6 in the PBMC supernatant decreased but the content of TNF-α increased，and the differences were statistically significant．In contrast，the in- ducer group，when compared to the RA group，displayed increased ROS levels，reduced expression of SLC7A11 protein and mRNA and decreased expression of Nrf2 protein，and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1 in the PBMC su- pernatant increased，but the expression of GPX4 protein increased ，and the differences were statistically signifi- cant．The inducer group，compared to the RA group，showed increased cell viability，and the difference was statis- tically significant (P＜0. 000 1) ． Conclusion The presence of ferroptosis in PBMC in RA patients，inhibiting or inducing PBMC ferroptosis in RA patients，will inhibit or promote the secretion of inflammatory factors．Inhibition of PBMC ferroptosis in RA patients may be helpful in the treatment of RA.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of operation time for laparos-copic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and analyze the learning curve of LSG in sarcopenic obesity (SO) and non-sarcopenic obesity (NSO).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 240 obesity patients who underwent LSG in the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2018 to June 2022 were collected. There were 52 males and 188 females, aged (30±8)years. Patients underwent L3 vertebral body horizontal axial computer tomography (CT) scanning before and after receiving LSG to accurately segment muscles and fats. Observation indicators: (1) treatment and follow-up; (2) influencing factors of operation time for LSG; (3) cumulative sum (CUSUM) of learning curve; (4) comparison of clinical data between patients in the initial and profi-cient stages. Measurement data with normal distribution were represent as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(IQR), and comparison between groups was conducted using the non-parameter test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the Logistic regression model. The CUSUM of learning curve was calculated and the fitting process was conducted on scatter plot of learning curves. Results:(1) Treatment and follow-up. Of the 240 patients, there were 97 cases of SO and 143 cases of NSO. All 240 patients underwent LSG successfully, without conversion to open surgery. The operation time of 240 patients was (108±23)minutes. None of patient died during the perioperative period and all patients underwent follow-up during the postoperative 6 months. (2) Influencing factors of operation time for LSG. Results of multivariate analysis showed that SO was an independent factor influencing operation time for LSG ( odds ratio=2.207, 95% confidence interval as 1.207-4.038, P<0.05). (3) CUSUM of learning curve. Results of CUSUM of operation time in patients of SO and NSO showed that the best fit equation of patients of SO was y=-4E-08x 6+1E-05x 5-0.001 1x 4+0.063 1x 3-1.89x 2+28.126x-48.671 (x means the number of surgical cases), with goodness-of-fit R 2 as 0.833, and the best fit equation of patients of NSO was y=3E-09x 6-1E-06x 5+0.000 2x 4-0.010 9x 3+0.063 8x 2+12.053x-65.025 (x means the number of surgical cases), with goodness-of-fit R 2 as 0.716. Based on the trend of CUSUM of learning curve of operation time, the peak value of number of surgical cases in patients of SO and NSO was 81 and 36, respec-tively, which was used to divide the learning curve as two stages of the initial stage and the proficient stage. (4) Comparison of clinical data between patients in the initial and proficient stages. ① Of the 97 patients of SO, there were 81 cases and 16 cases in the initial stage and the proficient stage of LSG, with the operation time, postoperative duration of hospital stay as (119±23)minutes, (5.9±2.3)days and (106±21)minutes, (4.7±0.5)days, showing significant differences between them ( t=2.074, 2.147, P<0.05). ②Of the 143 patients of NSO, there were 36 cases and 107 cases in the initial stage and the proficient stage of LSG, with gender (female), height, preoperative body mass, defatted body mass, operation time, postoperative duration of hospital stay, body mass at postoperative 6 month, body mass index (BMI) at postoperative 6 month, percentage of excess weight loss (EWL%) at postoperative 6 month, cases with EWL% >100% at postoperative 6 month, excess BMI at post-operative 6 month as 20, (170±10)cm, (110±25)kg, (57±12)kg, (108±22)minutes, (6.1±1.6)days, (80±16)kg, (27.63±4.22)kg/m2, 83%±35%, 9, 1.99(6.03)kg/m2 and 87, (164±8)cm, (99±20)kg, (52±12)kg, (100±19)minutes, (4.7±1.1)days, (71±16)kg, (25.89±4.48)kg/m2, 103%±42%, 48, 0.31(5.82)kg/m2, showing significant differences between them ( χ2=9.484, t=3.266, 2.424, 2.141, 2.137, 5.821, 2.740, 1.993, -2.524, χ2=4.432, Z=-2.300, P<0.05). Conclusions:SO is an independent factor influencing operation time for LSG. It is suggested that the surgeons need to finish 81 cases and 36 cases master LSG in patients of SO and NSO.

Objectives:To construct a nomogram prediction model using common preoperative indicators for early weight loss (EWL) 1 year after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).Methods:Relevant data of obese patients who had undergone LSG from January 2015 to May 2022 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University were analyzed. Patients with a history of major abdominal surgery, severe gastroesophageal reflux disease, pregnancy within 1 year after surgery, or who were lost to follow-up were excluded, resulting in a total of 200 patients in the study (190 from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and 10 from Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University). The participants were 51 men and 149 women of a mean age 29.9±8.2 years and a body mass index (BMI) 38.7±6.5 kg/m 2. All patients in this group underwent standardized LSG procedure. Achieving ideal weight (BMI≤25 kg/m 2) 1 year after LSG was defined as goal of EWL. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors that independently influenced EWL. These factors were incorporated into the nomogram model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (the larger the area under the curve [AUC], the better the predictive ability and accuracy of the model), likelihood ratio test (higher likelihood ratio indicates greater model homogeneity), decision curve analysis (higher net benefit indicates a better model), Akaike information criterion (AIC; smaller AIC indicates a better model), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC; smaller BIC indicates a better model) were used to validate the predictive ability of the column line diagram model. Results:In this study of 200 obese patients who underwent LSG surgery, 136 achieved EWL goal, whereas the remaining 64 did not. The rate of EWL goal achievement of the entire group was 68.0%. Compared with patients who did not achieve EWL goal, those who did had lower BMI, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, triglycerides, and higher cholesterol. Additionally, the proportion of female was higher and the proportions of patients with fatty liver and hypertension lower in those who achieved EWL goal (all P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative BMI (OR=0.852, 95%CI: 0.796-0.912, P<0.001), alanine transaminase (OR=0.992, 95%CI: 0.985-0.999, P=0.024), presence of fatty liver (OR=0.185, 95%CI: 0.038-0.887, P=0.035) and hypertension (OR=0.374, 95%CI: 0.144-0.969, P=0.043) were independently associated with failure to achieve EWL goal. Cholesterol (OR=1.428, 95%CI: 1.052-1.939, P=0.022) was independently associated with achieving EWL goal. We used the above variables to establish an EWL nomogram model. ROC analysis, the likelihood ratio test, decision curve analysis, and AIC all revealed that the predictive value of the model was better than that of BMI alone (nomogram model vs. BMI: area under the curve 0.840 vs. 0.798, P=0.047; likelihood ratio: 58.785 vs. 36.565, AIC: 193.066 vs. 207.063, BIC: 212.856 vs. 213.660). Conclusion:Our predictive model is more accurate in predicting EWL after LSG compared with using BMI.

Objectives:To construct a nomogram prediction model using common preoperative indicators for early weight loss (EWL) 1 year after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).Methods:Relevant data of obese patients who had undergone LSG from January 2015 to May 2022 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University were analyzed. Patients with a history of major abdominal surgery, severe gastroesophageal reflux disease, pregnancy within 1 year after surgery, or who were lost to follow-up were excluded, resulting in a total of 200 patients in the study (190 from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and 10 from Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University). The participants were 51 men and 149 women of a mean age 29.9±8.2 years and a body mass index (BMI) 38.7±6.5 kg/m 2. All patients in this group underwent standardized LSG procedure. Achieving ideal weight (BMI≤25 kg/m 2) 1 year after LSG was defined as goal of EWL. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors that independently influenced EWL. These factors were incorporated into the nomogram model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (the larger the area under the curve [AUC], the better the predictive ability and accuracy of the model), likelihood ratio test (higher likelihood ratio indicates greater model homogeneity), decision curve analysis (higher net benefit indicates a better model), Akaike information criterion (AIC; smaller AIC indicates a better model), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC; smaller BIC indicates a better model) were used to validate the predictive ability of the column line diagram model. Results:In this study of 200 obese patients who underwent LSG surgery, 136 achieved EWL goal, whereas the remaining 64 did not. The rate of EWL goal achievement of the entire group was 68.0%. Compared with patients who did not achieve EWL goal, those who did had lower BMI, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, triglycerides, and higher cholesterol. Additionally, the proportion of female was higher and the proportions of patients with fatty liver and hypertension lower in those who achieved EWL goal (all P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative BMI (OR=0.852, 95%CI: 0.796-0.912, P<0.001), alanine transaminase (OR=0.992, 95%CI: 0.985-0.999, P=0.024), presence of fatty liver (OR=0.185, 95%CI: 0.038-0.887, P=0.035) and hypertension (OR=0.374, 95%CI: 0.144-0.969, P=0.043) were independently associated with failure to achieve EWL goal. Cholesterol (OR=1.428, 95%CI: 1.052-1.939, P=0.022) was independently associated with achieving EWL goal. We used the above variables to establish an EWL nomogram model. ROC analysis, the likelihood ratio test, decision curve analysis, and AIC all revealed that the predictive value of the model was better than that of BMI alone (nomogram model vs. BMI: area under the curve 0.840 vs. 0.798, P=0.047; likelihood ratio: 58.785 vs. 36.565, AIC: 193.066 vs. 207.063, BIC: 212.856 vs. 213.660). Conclusion:Our predictive model is more accurate in predicting EWL after LSG compared with using BMI.

Objective:To investigate the 10-year outcome and prognostic factors of laparo-scopic D 2 radical distal gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods:The retrospec-tive cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 652 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who were admitted to 16 hospitals from the multicenter database of laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery in the Chinese Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study (CLASS) Group, including 214 cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 191 cases in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 52 cases in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 49 cases in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 43 cases in Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 25 cases in Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 14 cases in the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 12 cases in No.989 Hospital of PLA, 12 cases in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 10 cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 9 cases in the First People's Hospital of Foshan, 7 cases in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 7 cases in Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 3 cases in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 2 cases in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2 cases in Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, from February 2004 to December 2010 were collected. There were 442 males and 210 females, aged (57±12)years. All patients underwent laparoscopic D 2 radical distal gastrectomy. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative pathological examination; (3) postoperative recovery and complications; (4) follow-up; (5) prognostic factors analysis. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect the tumor recurrence and metastasis, postoperative survival of patients up to March 2020. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers or percen-tages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data was analyzed using the rank sum test. The life table method was used to calculate survival rates and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves. Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were analyzed using the COX hazard regression model. Results:(1) Surgical situations: among 652 patients, 617 cases underwent D 2 lymph node dissection and 35 cases underwent D 2+ lymph node dissection. There were 348 cases with Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis, 218 cases with Billroth Ⅰ anastomosis, 25 cases with Roux-en-Y anastomosis and 61 cases with other digestive tract reconstruction methods. Twelve patients had combined visceral resection. There were 569 patients with intraoperative blood transfusion and 83 cases without blood transfusion. The operation time of 652 patients was 187(155,240)minutes and volume of intraoperative blood loss was 100(50,150)mL. (2) Postoperative pathological examina-tion: the maximum diameter of tumor was (4.5±2.0)cm of 652 patients. The number of lymph node dissected of 652 patients was 26(19,35), in which the number of lymph node dissected was >15 of 570 cases and ≤15 of 82 cases. The number of metastatic lymph node was 4(1,9). The proximal tumor margin was (4.8±1.6)cm and the distal tumor margin was (4.5±1.5)cm. Among 652 patients, 255 cases were classified as Borrmann type Ⅰ-Ⅱ, 334 cases were classified as Borrmann type Ⅲ-Ⅳ, and 63 cases had missing Borrmann classification data. The degree of tumor differentiation was high or medium in 171 cases, low or undifferentiated in 430 cases, and the tumor differentiation data was missing in 51 cases. There were 123, 253 and 276 cases in pathological stage T2, T3 and T4a, respectively. There were 116, 131, 214 and 191 cases in pathological stage N0, N1, N2 and N3, respectively. There were 260 and 392 cases in pathological TNM stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. (3) Postoperative recovery and complications: the time to postoperative first out-of-bed activities, time to postoperative first flatus, time to the initial liquid food intake, duration of postoperative hospital stay of 652 patients were 3(2,4)days, 4(3,5)days, 5(4,6)days, 10(9,13)days, respectively. Among 652 patients, 69 cases had postoperative complications. Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ, grade Ⅲa, grade Ⅲb, and grade Ⅳa complications occurred in 60, 3, 5 and 1 cases, respectively (some patients could have multiple complications). The duodenal stump leakage was the most common surgical complication, with the incidence of 3.07%(20/652). Respiratory complication was the most common systemic complication, with the incidence of 2.91%(19/652). All the 69 patients were recovered and discharged successfully after treatment. (4) Follow-up: 652 patients were followed up for 110-193 months, with a median follow-up time of 124 months. There were 298 cases with postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Of the 255 patients with the time to postoperative recurrence and metastasis ≤5 years, there were 21 cases with distant metastasis, 69 cases with peritoneal metastasis, 37 cases with local recurrence, 52 cases with multiple recurrence and metastasis, 76 cases with recurrence and metastasis at other locations. The above indicators were 5, 9, 10, 4, 15 of the 43 patients with the time to postoperative recurrence and metastasis >5 years. There was no significant difference in the type of recurrence and metastasis between them ( χ2=5.52, P>0.05). Cases in pathological TNM stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 62 and 193 of the patients with the time to postoperative recurrence and metastasis ≤5 years, versus 23 and 20 of the patients with the time to postoperative recurrence and metastasis >5 years, showing a significant difference in pathological TNM staging between them ( χ2=15.36, P<0.05). Cases in pathological stage T2, T3, T4a were 42, 95, 118 of the patients with the time to postoperative recurrence and metastasis ≤5 years, versus 9, 21, 13 of the patients with the time to postoperative recurrence and metastasis >5 years, showing no significant difference in pathological T staging between them ( Z=-1.80, P>0.05). Further analysis showed no significant difference in cases in pathological stage T2 or T3 ( χ2=0.52, 2.08, P>0.05) but a significant difference in cases in pathological stage T4a between them ( χ2=3.84, P<0.05). Cases in pathological stage N0, N1, N2, N3 were 19, 44, 85, 107 of the patients with the time to postoperative recurrence and metastasis ≤5 years, versus 12, 5, 18, 8 of the patients with the time to postoperative recurrence and metastasis >5 years, showing a significant difference in pathological N staging between them ( Z=-3.34, P<0.05). Further analysis showed significant differences in cases in pathological stage N0 and N3 ( χ2=16.52, 8.47, P<0.05) but no significant difference in cases in pathological stage N1 or N2 ( χ2=0.85, 1.18, P>0.05). The median overall survival time was 81 months after surgery and 10-year overall survival rate was 46.1% of 652 patients. The 10-year overall survival rates of patients in TNM stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 59.6% and 37.5%, respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=35.29, P<0.05). In further analysis, the 10-year overall survival rates of patients in pathological TNM stage ⅡA, ⅡB, ⅢA, ⅢB and ⅢC were 65.6%, 55.8%, 46.9%, 37.1% and 24.0%, respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=55.06, P<0.05). The 10-year overall survival rates of patients in patholo-gical stage T2, T3 and T4a were 55.2%, 46.5% and 41.5%, respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=8.39, P<0.05). The 10-year overall survival rates of patients in patholo-gical stage N0, N1, N2 and N3 were 63.7%, 56.2%, 48.5% and 26.4%, respectively, showing a signifi-cant difference between them ( χ2=54.89, P<0.05). (5) Prognostic factors analysis: results of univariate analysis showed that age, maximum diameter of tumor, degree of tumor differentiation as low or undifferentiated, pathological TNM staging, pathological T staging, pathological stage N2 or N3, post-operative chemotherapy were related factors for the 10-year overall survival rate of locally advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic D 2 radical distal gastrectomy ( hazard ratio=1.45, 1.64, 1.37, 2.05, 1.30, 1.68, 3.08, 0.56, 95% confidence interval as 1.15-1.84, 1.32-2.03, 1.05-1.77, 1.62-2.59, 1.05-1.61, 1.17-2.42, 2.15-4.41, 0.44-0.70, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that maximum diameter of tumor >4 cm, low-differentiated or undifferentiated tumor, pathological TNM stage Ⅲ were independent risk factors for the 10-year overall survival rate of locally advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic D 2 radical distal gastrectomy ( hazard ratio=1.48,1.44, 1.81, 95% confidence interval as 1.19-1.84, 1.11-1.88, 1.42-2.30, P<0.05) and postoperative chemotherapy was a independent protective factor for the 10-year overall survi-val rate of locally advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic D 2 radical distal gastrec-tomy ( hazard ratio=0.57, 95% confidence interval as 045-0.73, P<0.05). Conclusions:Laparoscopic assisted D 2 radical distal gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer has satisfactory 10-year oncologic outcomes. A high proportion of patients in pathological TNM stage Ⅲ, pathological stage T4a, pathological stage N3 have the time to postoperative recurrence and metastasis ≤5 years, whereas a high proportion of patients in pathological TNM stage Ⅱ or pathological stage N0 have the time to postoperative recurrence and metastasis >5 years. Maximum diameter of tumor >4 cm, low-differentiated or undifferentiated tumor, pathological TNM stage Ⅲ are independent risk factors for the 10-year overall survival rate of locally advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing laparos-copic D 2 radical distal gastrectomy. Postoperative chemotherapy is a independent protective factor for the 10-year overall survival rate of locally advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing laparos-copic D 2 radical distal gastrectomy.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of arthroscopic debridement followed by imrecoxib combined with sodium aescinate application in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Methods:Ninety patients with knee osteoarthritis who received treatment in Lianshui County People's Hospital, China between February 2019 and February 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive imrecoxib treatment (control group A, n = 30), sodium aescinate treatment (control group B, n = 30) or imrecoxib combined with sodium aescinate treatment (observation group, n = 30). The clinical efficacy of different treatment strategies was compared. Results:Total effective rate in the observation group [93.33% (28/30)] was significantly higher than that in the control group A [70.0% (21/30)] and control group B [76.67% (23/30)] ( χ2 = 9.615, P < 0.05). In the observation group, postoperative pain and knee joint inflammation were more greatly mitigated, and knee joint function was better recovered compared with the control groups A and B ( F = 4.124, 3.895, 4.879, all P < 0.05). In the observation group, interlekin-1 level was significantly lower and interleukin-1β was significantly higher than those in the control groups A and B ( F = 3.423, 2.362, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Arthroscopic debridement followed by imrecoxib combined with sodium aescinate application in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis has a positive effect on postoperative knee joint function recovery, comfort and reduction of inflammatory factors, which deserves clinical popularization.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy, safety and economy of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis and hypoproteinemia.Methods:Computer search for randomized controlled trials included in Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM), Wanfang Medicine, Weipu Medicine, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library and other databases from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2019, and excluded according to certain criteria.RevMan5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 13 articles were included in the meta-analysis, a total of 739 patients.The results showed that the short-term efficacy of rhGH in the treatment of cirrhosis with hypoproteinemia had no statistically significant difference compared with human serum albumin (HSA)[WMD=-0.42, 95% CI(-1.77, 0.92), P=0.54], but the mid-and long-term effects of rhGH were better[WMD=3.42, 95% CI(0.13, 6.70), P=0.04; WMD=7.12, 95% CI(4.75, 9.50), P<0.001]. Conclusion:The application of rhGH in the treatment of cirrhosis with hypoproteinemia is equivalent to the infusion of HSA in short-term efficacy, but the duration of treatment is prolonged, has no obvious adverse reactions, and is more economical.

Objective: A retrospective analysis of audiologic outcome and graft take rate on post-tympanoplasty with different middle ear mucosal conditions in wet ear. Method: According to the characteristics of middle ear mucosal condition and residual eardrum, 80 cases with wet ear of chronic suppurative otitis media were divided into the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group. The factors in different groups, including gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations, destruction of ossicular chain and reconstruction methods were analyzed. Moreover, postoperative hearing improvement and graft take rate were compared among the three groups. Result: There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations among the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group （P>0.05）. Overall, the postoperative average Air-Bone Gaps（ABG） were reduced in all wet ear patients after surgery （P<0.01）. The ABG was decreased from （25.5 ± 10.8） dB to（15.4 ± 9.4） dB in the hydrocele group, and decreased from （27.6 ± 8.7） dB to （15.2 ± 9.6） dB in the swelling group, and from （29.5 ± 7.7） dB to （17.2 ± 17.2） dB in the granulation group. The graft take rates were 90.0% in totally. There were no significant difference in graft take rates among the three groups, and 84.6% in the hydrocele group, 93.3% in the swelling group and 100.0% in the swelling group（P>0.05）. Conclusion Wet ear is not an absolute contraindication of tympanoplasty for chronic suppurative otitis media. Whether there was effusion, swelling or granulomatous hyperplasia in the tympanoplasty, the patients'hearing improved significantly after tympanoplasty, and the healing rate of the tympanoplasty did not decrease. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to standardize the timing of wet ear surgery, clarify the operative contraindication and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism of eardrum healing.

A retrospective analysis of audiologic outcome and graft take rate on post-tympanoplasty with different middle ear mucosal conditions in wet ear. According to the characteristics of middle ear mucosal condition and residual eardrum, 80 cases with wet ear of chronic suppurative otitis media were divided into the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group. The factors in different groups, including gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations, destruction of ossicular chain and reconstruction methods were analyzed. Moreover, postoperative hearing improvement and graft take rate were compared among the three groups. There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations among the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group （>0.05）. Overall, the postoperative average Air-Bone Gaps（ABG） were reduced in all wet ear patients after surgery （<0.01）. The ABG was decreased from （25.5 ± 10.8） dB to（15.4 ± 9.4） dB in the hydrocele group, and decreased from （27.6 ± 8.7） dB to （15.2 ± 9.6） dB in the swelling group, and from （29.5 ± 7.7） dB to （17.2 ± 17.2） dB in the granulation group. The graft take rates were 90.0% in totally. There were no significant difference in graft take rates among the three groups, and 84.6% in the hydrocele group, 93.3% in the swelling group and 100.0% in the swelling group（>0.05）. Wet ear is not an absolute contraindication of tympanoplasty for chronic suppurative otitis media. Whether there was effusion, swelling or granulomatous hyperplasia in the tympanoplasty, the patients'hearing improved significantly after tympanoplasty, and the healing rate of the tympanoplasty did not decrease. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to standardize the timing of wet ear surgery, clarify the operative contraindication and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism of eardrum healing.

Objective·To investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 on prion encoding gene (PRNP) expression and amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism of PC12 cells. Methods·After PC12 cells were treated with 20, 40, 80 ng/mL IGF-1 for 24 h, real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of PRNP, and Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of AKT, phosphorylation of AKT (pAKT), ERK and phosphorylation of AKT (pERK). The level of β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42) in supernatant fluid was detected by ELISA. Results·Compared with the blank control group, the expression of PRNP mRNA in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model group was increased significantly (P<0.01). The expression of PRNP mRNA was significantly increased after cells were treated with 40 and 80 ng/mL IGF-1 for 24 h (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in APP protein expression among AD model group and three IGF-1 treatment groups (P>0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the level of Aβ42 in supernatant fluid of model group was decreased significantly with the increasing of IGF-1 concentration. The expression level of Aβ42 was decreased significantly in 40 and 80 ng/ml IGF-1 treatment group (P<0.05). The expression of AKT/pAKT, ERK/pERK in AD model group was significantly increased along with the increasing of IGF-1 concentration (P<0.05). Conclusion·IGF-1 could regulate the expression of PRNP gene and effect the metabolism of APP, which may be associated with PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.