ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of action of Kaixinsan in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease （AD） based on network pharmacology， molecular docking， and animal experimental validation. MethodsThe Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP） and the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine（ETCM） databases were used to obtain the active ingredients and targets of Kaixinsan. GeneCards， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man（OMIM）， TTD， PharmGKB， and DrugBank databases were used to obtain the relevant targets of AD. The intersection （common targets） of the active ingredient targets of Kaixinsan and the relevant targets of AD was taken， and the network interaction analysis of the common targets was carried out in the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction（PPI） network. The CytoNCA plugin within Cytoscape was used to screen out the core targets， and the Metascape platform was used to perform gene ontology（GO） functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis. The “drug-active ingredient-target” interaction network was constructed with the help of Cytoscape 3.8.2， and AutoDock Vina was used for molecular docking. Scopolamine （SCOP） was utilized for modeling and injected intraperitoneally once daily. Thirty-two male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into blank control （CON） group （0.9% NaCl， n=8）， model （SCOP） group （3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1， n=8）， positive control group （3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 of SCOP+3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 of Donepezil， n=8）， and Kaixinsan group （3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 of SCOP+6.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1 of Kaixinsan， n=8）. Mice in each group were administered with 0.9% NaCl， Kaixinsan， or Donepezil by gavage twice a day for 14 days. Morris water maze experiment was used to observe the learning memory ability of mice. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining method was used to observe the pathological changes in the CA1 area of the mouse hippocampus. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to determine the serum acetylcholine （ACh） and acetylcholinesterase （AChE） contents of mice. Western blot method was used to detect the protein expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（STAT3） and nuclear transcription factor（NF）-κB p65 in the hippocampus of mice. ResultsA total of 73 active ingredients of Kaixinsan were obtained， and 578 potential targets （common targets） of Kaixinsan for the treatment of AD were screened out. Key active ingredients included kaempferol， gijugliflozin， etc.. Potential core targets were STAT3， NF-κB p65， et al. GO functional enrichment analysis obtained 3 124 biological functions， 254 cellular building blocks， and 461 molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment obtained 248 pathways， mainly involving cancer-related pathways， TRP pathway， cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP） pathway， and NF-κB pathway. Molecular docking showed that the binding of the key active ingredients to the target targets was more stable. Morris water maze experiment indicated that Kaixinsan could improve the learning memory ability of SCOP-induced mice. HE staining and ELISA results showed that Kaixinsan had an ameliorating effect on central nerve injury in mice. Western blot test indicated that Kaixinsan had a down-regulating effect on the levels of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and STAT3 phosphorylation in the hippocampal tissue of mice in the SCOP model. ConclusionKaixinsan can improve the cognitive impairment function in SCOP model mice and may reduce hippocampal neuronal damage and thus play a therapeutic role in the treatment of AD by regulating NF-κB p65， STAT3， and other targets involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effects of customized dental-bone supported osteotomy guide plate in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.Methods:24 patients(48 sides)with maxillofacial deformity underwent BSSO were included.The maxillofacial region of all patients was scanned by CT,the plaster dental models were scanned using laser surface scanner,and the 3D models were established.The osteotomy guide plates of the inner horizontal and anterior sagittal bone incision of mandible ramus were manufactured by digital technology.All splits underwent operation with(27 side)and without(21 sides)the osteotomy guide plate respectively by the same doc-tor,and the time for the inner horizontal and anterior sagittal bone incision of mandible ramus was recorded.Postoperative CT scan was performed to evaluate the surgical effects according to the lingual split scale(LSS)classification.Results:The wound in all patients healed well and no serious complication was observed.The time for the inner horizontal and anterior sagittal bone incision of mandible ramus in plate group and no plate group was(125.67±2.23)s and(141.15±3.69)s respectively(P＜0.05).The probability of mandi-ble splitting according to Hunsuck standard osteotomy line increased from 42.86％to 66.67％,and the probability of osteotomy line passing through mandibular nerve canal decreased from 33.33％to 7.41％,by using osteotomy guide plate.In addition,LSS4 type of osteotomy line was avoided by using osteotomy guide plates.Data analysis showed that the split pattern of sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus was influenced by the application of osteotomy guide plates(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The customized dental-bone supported osteotomy guide plate is effective in the completion of the operation and reducing time consuming and surgical complication in BSSO.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently characterized family of immune cells that have critical roles in innate immunity, immune regulation, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and tissue repair and remodeling. Besides the conventional innate lymphocytes including NK cells and lymphoid tissue-inducer cells, the ILC family can be categorized into three groups, ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s. These non-cytotoxic ILC subsets have been identified to confer a diverse array of functions in oncogenesis and metastasis, immune surveillance, and antitumor immunity. In this review, we summarized the emerging findings in recent years regarding the roles of ILCs in immuno-oncology, and highlighted their potentials in immunotherapeutic approaches to tumors.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected pregnant women and exposed infant in Guangdong province and identify the factors associated with infant HIV infection through mother-to-child transmission. Methods: National Information System for Prevention of mother-to-child HIV Transmission and Early Infant Diagnosis Information Management Platform were used to collect the individual information about HIV-infected pregnant women and exposed infants who were delivered in Guangdong from January 1, 2014 to December 31 in 2017. The differences in pregnant women’s demographic data, history of pregnancy and childbirth, the utilization of mother-to-child transmission prevention services and early infant diagnosis between the infected HIV exposed infants and uninfected HIV exposed infants were compared, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with mother-to-child HIV transmission. Results: Among 349 HIV infected pregnant women, the proportions of the pregnant women whose HIV infection status were confirmed before pregnancy, during pregnancy and at or after childbirth were 30.4% (106/349), 49.6% (173/349) and 20.0% (70/349) respectively. The proportions of those with sexual partners whose HIV infection status were unknown and those receiving no antiviral treatment were 39.5% (138/349) and 13.2% (46/349) respectively. Among the HIV exposed infants, the mother-to-child transmission rate was 4.2%(15/353), the HIV exposed infants had the first or second early diagnosis tests within 44 (P₂₅-P₇₅: 42-50) days and 96 (P₂₅-P₇₅: 92-106) days after birth, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk for mother-to-child HIV transmission increased in those whose HIV infection status were confirmed at or after childbirth compared with before pregnancy (OR=5.72, 95%CI: 1.52-21.61) and in the group that antiviral treatment was given to either mothers or infants compared with the group that antiviral treatment was given to both mothers and infants (OR=33.56, 95%CI: 9.04-124.55), while there was lower mother-to-child HIV transmission risk in artificial feeding group compared with breast feeding group (OR=0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.76). Conclusion The risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Guangdong can be effectively reduced by the measures of early diagnosis, antiviral treatment and artificial feeding as well as the improvement of mother-to-child transmission prevention service.

Objective To evaluate the regulatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on macrophage polarization and NK cell-mediated anti-tumor responses in mice. Methods C57BL/ 6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with APS once a day for seven consecutive days. Activation of immune cells was then induced by intraperitoneal injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I : C) 24 h after the APS intervention. Peritoneal macrophages were collected 24 h after induction to analyze the status of polari-zation and the production of nitric oxide (NO). Cytotoxicity and exocytosis of activated NK cells were meas-ured to assess the effector functions of these cells. NK cell activities induced by NKG2D were studied in the absence of the whole JNK or JNK2 signaling pathway. Results Intraperitoneal injection of APS promoted the polarization of macrophages induced by tumor cells in mice, and enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK cells to tumor cells. However, APS was in need of the involvement of appropriate stimulatory factors to have regula-tory effects. Complete inhibition of JNK signaling pathway dramatically reduced the effector functions of NK cells, which could not be recovered by APS administration. Conclusions APS was involved in the regula-tion of anti-tumor innate immunity through enhancing the M1-polarization of macrophages and improving the effector functions of NK cells. This study might to some extent elucidate the mechanism of APS in immune regulation and anti-tumor immunity.

Objective To investigate the role of spinal cord chemokine CXC ligand13(CXCL13) in the formation of rat bone cancer pain(BCP).Methods Twenty healthy female SD rats weighing 160-200 g were divided into four groups(n=5):sham operation group(S),BCP group(BP),small interference RNA(siRNA) negative control(NC-siRNA) group (NC) and CXCL13-siRNA group(CS).Normal saline was given by tibial medullary cavity injection in the S group.The tibial BCP model was established by tibial medullary cavity injection of equivalent Walker-256 breast cancer cells in the group BP,NC and CS.NC-siRNA lentivirus and CXCL13-siRNA lentivirus were injected intrathecally in the group NC and CS respectively.The mechanical pain threshold was measured on 1 d before model construction and on postoperative 7,9,14,21 d.The rats were killed after pain threshold measurement.The spinal cord and tibial tissue were taken.The co-expression of spinal CXCL13,microglia specific marker Iba-1 and neuron specific neucleoprotein NeuN was determined by using the immunofluorescence double standard staining,and expressions of CXCL13 and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) protein and mRNA in spinal cord were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR;the HE staining microscopy was adopted to observe the tibial bone structure destroy situation.Results Compared with group S,the mechanical pain threshold in theBP group and NC group was decreased on 7-21 d after inoculation,CXCL13 expression in neuron was significantly increased and microglia was obviously activated,the expression of CXCL13 and Iba-1 protein and mRNA was significantly elevated (P＜0.05);compared with the NC group,the mechanical pain threshold on 9-21 d after model construction in the CS group was significantly increased,CXCL13 expression in neurons was significantly decreased,microglia activation was decreased and expression of CXCL13 and Iba-1 protein and mRNA was significantly decreased(P＜0.05);HE staining showed that the model groups appeared the tumor growth in bone marrow cavity,moreover which was eroded outwards and destroyed bone cortex,but no abnormality was found in the S group.Conclusion Spinal cord CXCL13 is involved in the BCP formation in rats by activating microglia.

Combining frozen section and scanning electron microscopy experiments to observe the cross section and surface state of the samples, this study finds an effective method to evaluate the location of dyeing materials of color contact lenses. Sixty samples were evaluated on their dyeing location statistically using this method. The results showed that there were only 7 lots of samples with their dyeing materials within their product. This method is effective in evaluating the location of dyeing materials for color contact lenses.
Coloring Agents ; Contact Lenses ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Objective This study was to evaluate the long-term clinical efficiency of allogeneic corneal intrastromal lenticule inlay for correction of moderate and high hyperopia.Methods A prospective self-controlled case series study was adopted.Twenty-nine hyperopic patients (53 eyes) were performed with allogeneic corneal intrastromal lenticule inlays.The range of preoperative spherical equivalent was +3.75 to + 10 D,with the mean value of (+6.84±2.95)D.All the cases were followed up for 1 year.Uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity and refraction were compared between before and after operation.Corneal topography and optical coherence topography were used to examine corneal topography.Ocular response analyzer was used to evaluate the shifts of corneal hysteresis.This study followed the Helsinki declaration,and the research process was approved by the Ethic Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital,and informed consent was signed by each donor and receptor.Results Compared with the before surgery,the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) were obviously improved and the spherical equivalent (SE) was obviously decresed in 3 months,6 months and 1 year after surgery,with significant differences between them (all at P＜0.05),but no significant differences were found between each postoperative time points (all at P＞0.05).One year after surgery,14 eyes (26.4％) gained one line of best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA),and 12 eyes (22.6％) gained two lines of BCDVA.Only 2 patients (5.66％) lost lines due to opaque lenticules,and no eye lost lines after changing the opaque lenticules.There was no obvious hyperopic fallback phenomenon.Compared with the before surgery,the average corneal curvature value (Avek) was obviously improved,the surface regularity index (SRI),surface asymmetry index (SAI) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were obviously increased in 3 months,6 months and 1 year after surgery,with significant differences between them (all at P＜0.05),but no significant differences were found between each postoperative time points (all at P ＞ 0.05).The cornea optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination showed that,after the operation,the corneal stromal implant was in place and clear.One year after surgery,the dividing line of corneal graft was still clearly visible.No significant changes of corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were seen among different time points before and after surgeries (F =1.443,P =0.216;F =1.744,P =0.128).Conclusions Allogeneic corneal small incision intrastromal lenticule inlays can be used to correct moderate and high hyperopic eye with good safety,effectiveness and predictability.It provides a new choice for hyperopic patients.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the parameters obtained from PET/MR in brain tumors.Methods In this prospective study,28 patients (21 males,7 females,age range: 6-82 years) with clinical suspicion of brain tumor from November 2012 to September 2015 underwent PET/MR multi-modality imaging.The examination of PET/MR included 11C-MET PET and multiple MR sequences.The qualities of images were estimated firstly.The ROC curve and the accuracy of SUVmax,ADCmean,rCBF and NAA/(Cho+Cre) ratio were calculated.The pathology or final clinical diagnosis was taken as the standard.The diagnostic efficiency of the multi-modality imaging was determined based on the cutoff values of the four parameters.Two-sample t test was used to analyze the differences of parameters between glioma group and inflammatory group.Results SUVmax,ADCmean,rCBF and NAA/(Cho+Cre) ratio were validated to be effective parameters in diagnosing brain tumors with the diagnostic accuracy of 89.3％(25/28),82.1％(23/28),78.6％(22/28) and 75.0％(21/28),respectively.The SUVmax exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy,while the diagnostic efficiency of the combination of four parameters was superior to the separate parameter.The values of SUVmax,rCBF and NAA/(Cho+Cre) ratio were significantly different between glioma group(n=10) and inflammatory group(n=11;t values:-2.31,-3.11,-2.77,all P<0.05).Conclusions PET/MR can provide a one-stop examination with multi-modality imaging of brain.The obtained parameters SUVmax,ADCmean,rCBF and NAA/(Cho+Cre) ratio,especially their combination,have effective diagnostic values on brain tumor.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of sinomenine on the expression of tumor suppressor gene P 16 and P53 in rats with lung cancer.A total of 40 male SD rats were treated by left-lung vein injection of WALKER-256 cell suspension to establish transplanted lung cancer model.After 3 weeks,30 rats screened of tumor were randomly divided into the model group,cyclophosphamide (CP) group and the sinomenine treatment group.Another 10 healthy SD rats were set as the normal control group.Sinomenine treatment group was treated with the subcutaneous injection of 10％ sinomenine hydrochloride for 10 weeks.CP was injected in the CP group as positive control.The same amount of normal saline was injected in the normal control group and the model control group.After 10 weeks of treatments,lung tumors of each group were removed to measure the tumor volume and weight.And the tumor inhibition rate was calculated.Then,flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of WALKER-256 cells in tumor tissues in G1,G2,M and S around four cycles.Immunohistochemistry was adopted to detect positive expression rates of P16 and P53 protein.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect expression of P16mRNA and P53mRNA.The results showed that compared with the model control group,the inhibition rate of sinomenine group was 30.15％;the positive expression rate of P16mRNA and P53mRNA protein were significantly decreased;expressions of P 16mRNA and P53mRNA were lower;tumor volume and tumor weight in S period got down significantly.The rates of cells in G1 and G2 periods got higher (P＜0.05).It was concluded that sinomenine may inhibit the differentiation and proliferation of WALKER-256 transplanted lung cancer cells in rats by regulating the expression of tumor suppressor gene P 16 and P53,regulating the ratio of cells in G1,G2 and S periods.