Five compounds were isolated and purified from the water extract of Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlechtend leaf by multi-dimensional reversed-phase preparative liquid chromatographic system based on the separation and enrichment model. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis such as NMR, MS, UV, IR and by comparison with literature information as 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (1), elaeagnussugarester B (2), elaeagnussugarester A (3), elaeagnussugarester C (4), gallic acid (5). Compounds 2-4 are new compounds, compound 1 was isolated from Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlechtend for the first time. The antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of these compounds were evaluated by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method, the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical method, the potassium ferricyanide reduction method and the colorimetric method with L-tyrosine as substrate. The results showed that compounds 2-5 have good antioxidant activities and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. Compound 4 exhibited the most strong antioxidant activities, with IC₅₀ = 3.59 ± 0.06 μmol·L^-1 for DPPH free radical scavenging ability, IC₅₀ = 10.04 ± 0.20 μmol·L^-1 for ABTS free radical scavenging ability, and total reduction capacity of compound 4 was better than vitamin C respectively. Compound 3 possessed better inhibitory effect on tyrosinase with IC₅₀ = 0.25 ± 0.06 mmol·L^-1.

Objective: To examine the value of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for excimer laser ablation (ELA) combined with drug-coated balloon (DCB) in treating lower limb arteriosclerotic obliterans (ASO). Methods: As a prospective case series study, patients who underwent ELA combined with DCB for lower limb ASO with the guidance of IVUS from September 2021 to March 2022 at Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were enrolled prospectively. Lesion characteristics, procedure-related outcomes and complications were collected. The therapy outcomes were compared with baseline data by paired t test. Results: There were 8 males and 2 females, aged (72.0±5.9) years (range: 61 to 81 years). Of all the 11 lesions, there were 8 lesions in superficial femoral artery and 3 in popliteal artery. The lesion length was (7.0±2.4) cm (range: 3.2 to 9.8 cm). There were 4 chronic totally occlusion and 7 severe stenosis. All patients underwent the operation successfully. The technical success rate was 10/11. Bailout stenting was performed in one lesion because of flow-limiting dissection. Four lesions were grade 3 to 4 in peripheral artery calcium score system, and 9 lesions with calcification arc≥180°. Larger diameter drug-coated balloons were selected in 5 lesions after measurement of intravascular ultrasound. The follow-up time was (6.0±1.9) months (range: 3 to 9 months). The ankle-brachial index of the patient was significantly improved immediately after surgery (0.97±0.13 vs. 0.48±0.18, t=-7.60, P<0.01) and at 3 months after surgery (0.95±0.12 vs. 0.48±0.18, t=-7.17, P<0.01). The 3-month primary patency rate was 11/11, the target lesion reintervention was 0 and ulcer healing rate was 3/4. Conclusion: IVUS assisted ELA in the treatment of lower limb artery lesions is safe and effective in early stage.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Lower Extremity ; Ultrasonography ; Femoral Artery ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

In 2016, a national one million general population cohort project was set up in China for the first time in "Precision Medicine Research" Key Project, National Key Research and Development Program of China, which consists of general population cohorts in seven areas in China. As one of the seven major areas in China, northeastern China has unique climate and specific dietary patterns, and population aging is serious in this area. And the burden of chronic and non-communicable diseases ranks tops in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a large general population cohort in northeastern China to explore the area specific exposure factors related to pathogenesis and prognosis of chronic and non-communicable diseases, develop new prevention strategies to reduce the burden of the diseases and improve the population health in northeastern China. In July 2018, the general population cohort study in northeastern China was launched, the study includes questionnaire survey, health examination and blood, urine and stool sample collection and detection in recruited participants. By now, the cohort has covered all age groups, and the baseline data of 115 414 persons have been collected. This paper summarizes the design and practice of the general population cohort study in northeastern China to provide reference for related research in China.

Objective: To examine the effect of excimer laser ablation (ELA) combining with drug-coated balloon (DCB) for atherosclerotic lesions in no-stenting zones (NSZ) of the lower extremity. Methods: From June 2019 to December 2021, 46 patients who underwent ELA combining with DCB in lesions of NSZ at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University were retrospectively enrolled, including 29 males and 17 females. The age was (72.5±11.7) years (range: 42 to 93 years). Among them, 44 lesions (95.7%, 44/46) were in popliteal artery and 2 lesions (4.3%, 2/46) were in common femoral artery. Chronic total occlusion (CTO) was observed in 31 patients (76.4%, 31/46), and stenotic lesions were observed in 15 patients (32.6%, 15/46). The length of lesions was (7.3±2.7) cm (range: 3.0 to 13.2 cm). Patients were followed at 6, 12 months after surgery and every year thereafter, and they underwent Doppler and CT angiography examination at each follow-up point. The primary endpoint was primary patency. The secondary endpoints included major amputation-free survival (MAFS) rate, technical success, bailout stent, ankle-brachial index (ABI), target lesion reintervention (TLR). Student t test was applied to compare the difference between ABI of 6 or 12 months after surgery and the baseline. Primary patency, freedom from TLR, and MAFS rate were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The technical success rate was 91.3% (42/46). The rate of procedure-related complication was 6.5% (3/46), and all the complications were distal embolization. The rate of flow-limiting dissection was 8.7% (4/46). ABI was significantly increased at 6 and 12 months compared to preoperatively (0.90±0.10 vs. 0.42±0.10, t=-4.48, P<0.01; 0.87±0.12 vs. 0.42±0.10, t=-5.21, P<0.01). The follow-up time[M(IQR)] was 22.5 (8.8) months (range: 6 to 32 months). TLR was performed in 4 patients (4/46, 8.7%). The 2-year primary patency was 86.2% (95%CI: 71.8% to 93.5%). The 2-year freedom from TLR and MAFS rate were 90.7% (95%CI: 77.0% to 96.4%) and 97.8% (95%CI: 85.6% to 99.7%), respectively. Conclusion: ELA combining with DCB can be applied to treat atherosclerotic lesions in NSZ.
Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Retrospective Studies ; Arteries ; Laser Therapy

Objective:To explore the effect of different proportions of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the agronomic traits， yield and quality of Artemisiae Argyi Folium in Qichun county， and provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of its planting. Method:Field plot experiment was carried out to set up 5 treatment methods with different proportions of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers［OM₀ （no combined application of biological organic fertilizer）， OM₁₇ （combined application of 17% biological organic fertilizer）， OM₃₃ （combined application of 33% biological organic fertilizer）， OM₆₇ （combined application of 67% biological organic fertilizer）， OM₁₀₀ （combined application of 100% biological organic fertilizer）］. The effects of different treatment methods on the agronomic characters， leaf yield， output rate of moxa， volatile oil content， flavonoid and phenolic acid contents and mineral element contents of Artemisiae Argyi Folium in Qichun county were determined. Result:With the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer in application， the seedling number per unit area， plant height， stem diameter， leaf number， leaf width， leaf length， height of dead leaves and leaf yield of Artemisiae Argyi Folium were increased at first and then decreased. Among them， the yield of Artemisiae Argyi Folium in OM₃₃ treatment was 61.37% higher than that in OM₀ treatment. With the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer， the output rate of moxa of Artemisiae Argyi Folium showed continuously increasing trend， contents of volatile oil and volatile components （eucalyptol， α-thujone， borneol， camphor and caryophyllene oxide） increased at first and then decreased， while the contents of α-caryophyllene and β-syringene decreased gradually， the contents of phenolic acids （neochlorogenic acid， chlorogenic acid， isochlorogenic acid B， A and C） increased at first and then decreased， while the contents of flavonoids （jaceosidin and eupatilin） increased continuously， and the contents of mineral elements （Ca， Cu and Zn） continued to increase， but the content of K decreased significantly at the high proportion of organic fertilizer. After treated with principal component analysis （PCA）， it was found that OM₁₇ treatment had the highest quality， while OM₁₀₀ and OM₀ treatment had low quality. Conclusion:Based on comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits， yield and quality indexes of Artemisiae Argyi Folium in Qichun county， it is suggested that 17%-33% proportion of organic fertilizer should be used in its production， in order to improve the quality and efficiency of Artemisiae Argyi Folium industry in Qichun county.

Objective To explore the causes and characteristics of medical disputes caused by death after cardiac surgery and to analyze the pathological changes after cardiac surgery and the key points of forensic anatomy, thus to provide pathological evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of cardiac surgery and judicial appraisal as well as reference for the prevention of medical disputes in such cases. Methods Forensic pathological cases of medical disputes caused by death after cardiac surgery which were accepted by the Center for Medicolegal Expertise of Sun Yat-Sen University from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively from aspects such as causes of death, pathological diagnosis, surgery condition, medical misconduct, and so on. Results The causes of death after cardiac surgery of 43 patients were abnormal operation, low cardiac output syndrome, postoperative infection, postoperative thrombosis, and other diseases. Among the 43 cases, there were 18 cases without medical fault while 25 cases had medical fault. Conclusion The medical disputes caused by death after cardiac surgery are closely related to the operative technique and postoperative complications. The causes of medical faults include defects in diagnosis and treatment technique, as well as unfulfillment of duty of care.
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects* ; Dissent and Disputes ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

The current study was designed to explore the brain protection mechanism of Xinglou Chengqi Decoction (XCD) based on gut microbiota analysis and network pharmacology. A transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of mice was established, followed by behavioral evaluation, TTC and TUNEL staining. Additionally, to investigate the effects of gut microbiota on neurological function after stroke, C57BL/6 mice were treated with anti-biotic cocktails 14 days prior to ischemic stroke (IS) to deplete the gut microbiota. High-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing, metabonomics technique, and flow multifactor technology were used to analyze bacterial communities, SCFAs and inflammatory cytokines respectively. Finally, as a supplement, network pharmacology and molecular docking were applied to fully explore the multicomponent-multitarget-multichannel mechanism of XCD in treating IS, implicated in ADME screening, target identification, network analysis, functional annotation, and pathway enrichment analysis. We found that XCD effectively improved neurological function, relieved cerebral infarction and decreased the neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, XCD promoted the release of anti-inflammatory factor like IL-10, while down-regulating pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-22. Furthermore, XCD significantly increased the levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyric acid. The mechanism might be related to the regulation of SCFAs-producing bacteria like Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia, and bacteria that regulate inflammation like Paraprevotella, Roseburia, Streptophyta and Enterococcu. Finally, in the network pharmacological analysis, 51 active compounds in XCD and 44 intersection targets of IS and XCD were selected. As a validation, components in XCD docked well with key targets. It was obviously that biological processes were mainly involved in the regulation of apoptotic process, inflammatory response, response to fatty acid, and regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier in GO enrichment. XCD can improve neurological function in experimental stroke mice, partly due to the regulation of gut microbiota. Besises, XCD has the characteristic of "multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel" in the treatment of IS revealed by network pharmacology and molecular docking.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Network Pharmacology ; Stroke/drug therapy*

BACKGROUND: Imprecise interpretation of coronary angiograms was reported and resulted in inappropriate revascularization. Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score is a comprehensive system to evaluate the complexity of the overall lesions. We hypothesized that a real-time SYNTAX score feedback from image analysts may rectify the mis-estimation and improve revascularization appropriateness in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: In this single-center, historical control study, patients with stable CAD with coronary lesion stenosis ≥50% were consecutively recruited. During the control period, SYNTAX scores were calculated by treating cardiologists. During the intervention period, SYNTAX scores were calculated by image analysts immediately after coronary angiography and were provided to cardiologists in real-time to aid decision-making. The primary outcome was revascularization deemed inappropriate by Chinese appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization. RESULTS: A total of 3245 patients were enrolled and assigned to the control group (08/2016-03/2017, n = 1525) or the intervention group (03/2017-09/2017, n = 1720). For SYNTAX score tertiles, 17.9% patients were overestimated and 4.3% were underestimated by cardiologists in the control group. After adjustment, inappropriate revascularization significantly decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.95; P = 0.007). Both inappropriate percutaneous coronary intervention (adjusted OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.74-0.92; P < 0.001) and percutaneous coronary intervention utilization (adjusted OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.98; P = 0.016) decreased significantly in the intervention group. There was no significant difference in 1-year adverse cardiac events between the control group and the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time SYNTAX score feedback significantly reduced inappropriate coronary revascularization in stable patients with CAD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Nos. NCT03068858 and NCT02880605; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov.

To observe the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC) with Can-dida albicans(Ca) colonization and its effect on dectin-1/TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, DSS group, DSS+Ca group, cinnamaldehyde group and mesalazine group. Mice in DSS+Ca group were given Ca(1×10~8 CFU per mouse) through intragastrical administration for 4 consecutive days and then distilled water with 3.0% DSS for 7 consecutive days. In cinnamaldehyde group and mesalazine group, in addition to the induction method of the DSS+Ca group, mice were given 75 mg·kg~(-1) cinnamaldehyde and 200 mg·kg~(-1) mesalazine accompanied with 3.0% DSS for 7 consecutive days, respectively. Mice in normal group and DSS group were correspondingly administered with distilled water. The general conditions of the mice were observed daily, the diseased activity index(DAI) score was calculated, and fungal loads of feces were detected by plate method. The mice were sacrificed on day 12, colon length was measured, colon mucosa damage index(CMDI) score was calculated, and histopathological analysis was carried out by HE staining. Anti-saccharomces cerevisiae antibody(ASCA) and β-1,3-glucan in serum, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in serum and colon tissue were detected by ELISA. The contents of β-1,3-glucan and macrophage infiltration in colon tissues were examined by immunofluorescence staining. The protein expressions of dectin-1, TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde could significantly improve the general conditions of UC mice with Ca colonization, decrease DAI and histopathological scores, reduce intestinal mucosal congestion, erosion and colon shortening, decrease Ca load in mouse feces and tissues, down-regulate the contents of ASCA and β-1,3-glucan in serum, reduce the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and increase IL-10 in serum and colon tissues, inhibit macrophages infiltration and down-regulate the protein expression of dectin-1, TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB in colon tissue. These results suggested that cinnamaldehyde had a therapeutic effect on UC mice with Ca colonization, which might be related to the inhibition of Ca proliferation, the regulation of dectin-1/TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathways and the coordination of the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors.
Acrolein ; analogs & derivatives ; Animals ; Candida albicans ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colon ; Dextran Sulfate ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lectins, C-Type ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; Signal Transduction

BACKGROUND: Although endovascular therapy has been widely used for focal aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD), its performance for extensive AIOD (EAIOD) is not fully evaluated. We aimed to demonstrate the long-term results of EAIOD treated by endovascular therapy and to identify the potential risk factors for the loss of primary patency. METHODS: Between January 2008 and June 2018, patients with a clinical diagnosis of the 2007 TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus II (TASC II) C and D AIOD lesions who underwent endovascular treatment in our institution were enrolled. Demographic, diagnosis, procedure characteristics, and follow-up information were reviewed. Univariate analysis was used to identify the correlation between the variables and the primary patency. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the independent risk factors associated with primary patency. Five- and 10-year primary and secondary patency, as well as survival rates, were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: A total of 148 patients underwent endovascular treatment in our center. Of these, 39.2% were classified as having TASC II C lesions and 60.8% as having TASC II D lesions. The technical success rate was 88.5%. The mean follow-up time was 79.2 ± 29.2 months. Primary and secondary patency was 82.1% and 89.4% at 5 years, and 74.8% and 83.1% at 10 years, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 84.2%. Compared with patients without loss of primary patency, patients with this condition showed significant differences in age, TASC II classification, infrainguinal lesions, critical limb ischemia (CLI), and smoking. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed age <61 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.47; 95% CI: 1.47-28.36; P = 0.01), CLI (aOR: 7.81; 95% CI: 1.92-31.89; P = 0.04), and smoking (aOR: 10.15; 95% CI: 2.79-36.90; P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for the loss of primary patency. CONCLUSION Endovascular therapy was an effective treatment for EAIOD with encouraging patency and survival rate. Age <61 years, CLI, and smoking were independent risk factors for the loss of primary patency.
Arterial Occlusive Diseases/surgery* ; Endovascular Procedures/methods* ; Female ; Humans ; Iliac Artery/surgery* ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stents ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Patency