Objective To investigate the prevalence and changing trend of Enterobius vermicularis infections among children in Shandong Province, so as to provide the scientific evidence for the adjustment and development of the enterobiasis control strategy. Methods Soil-borne nematodiasis surveillance sites were assigned in 51 counties (districts, cities) in Shandong Province from 2016 to 2020, and the E. vermicularis infections were detected using a modified Kato-Katz technique and the cellophane tape method among children at ages of 3 to 9 years living in these surveillance sites. The epidemiological profiles of E. vermicularis-infected children were descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 5 060 children at ages of 3 to 9 years were detected in 51 soil-borne nematodiasis surveillance sites in Shandong Province from 2016 to 2020, and the overall prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 2.23%. The annual prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 3.99% (26/651), 1.70% (14/824), 0.96% (8/837), 2.90% (45/1 552) and 1.67% (20/1 196) from 2016 to 2020, respectively, with a significant difference detected among years ( χ² = 21.455, P < 0.01). The prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 1.25% (15/1 198), 1.85% (14/755), 3.18% (84/2 640) and 0 (0/467) among children from central, eastern, southern and northern Shandong Province (χ² = 27.326, P < 0.01). In addition, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of E. vermicularis infections between male (1.98%, 56/2 831) and female children (2.56%, 57/2 229) (χ² = 1.916, P > 0.05); however, there was age-specific prevalence of E. vermicularis infections among children (χ² = 16.448, P < 0.05), with the greatest prevalence detected among children at ages of 6 years (3.18%, 25/786), and the lowest prevalence seen among children at ages of 3 years (0.75%, 6/800). Conclusions The prevalence of E. vermicularis infections remained at a medium level among children at ages of 3 to 9 years in Shandong Province from 2016 to 2020, with region-specific prevalence found across the province. An integrated strategy is required for enterobiasis control.

Paeoniae Radix Alba is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora, which was first recorded in the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica and listed as the top grade. It is a common blood-tonifying herb, and its chemical components are mainly monoterpenes and their glycosides, triterpenes, flavonoids and so on. Modern research has demonstrated that Paeoniae Radix Alba has the activities of anti-inflammation, pain easing, liver protection, and anti-oxidation, and thus it is widely used in clinical practice and has broad development prospects. In this paper, the research progress on the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and quality control of Paeoniae Radix Alba were summarized. On this basis, the Q-markers of Paeoniae Radix Alba were predicted from the aspects of mass transfer and traceability, chemical composition specificity, and availability and measurability of chemical components, which will provide a scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Alba.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Monoterpenes ; Paeonia ; Plant Extracts

Background::Accurate prediction of ischemic stroke is required for deciding anticoagulation use in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Even though only 6% to 8% of AF patients die from stroke, about 90% are indicated for anticoagulants according to the current AF management guidelines. Therefore, we aimed to develop an accurate and easy-to-use new risk model for 1-year thromboembolic events (TEs) in Chinese AF patients.Methods::From the prospective China Atrial Fibrillation Registry cohort study, we identified 6601 AF patients who were not treated with anticoagulation or ablation at baseline. We selected the most important variables by the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and developed a simplified risk model for predicting 1-year TEs. The novel risk score was internally validated using bootstrapping with 1000 replicates and compared with the CHA 2DS 2-VA score (excluding female sex from the CHA 2DS 2-VASc score). Results::Up to the follow-up of 1 year, 163 TEs (ischemic stroke or systemic embolism) occurred. Using the XGBoost algorithm, we selected the three most important variables (congestive heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction, age, and prior stroke, abbreviated as CAS model) to predict 1-year TE risk. We trained a multivariate Cox regression model and assigned point scores proportional to model coefficients. The CAS scheme classified 30.8% (2033/6601) of the patients as low risk for TE (CAS score = 0), with a corresponding 1-year TE risk of 0.81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41%-1.19%). In our cohort, the C-statistic of CAS model was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.65-0.73), higher than that of CHA 2DS 2-VA score (0.66, 95% CI: 0.62-0.70, Z = 2.01, P = 0.045). The overall net reclassification improvement from CHA 2DS 2-VA categories (low = 0/high &ge;1) to CAS categories (low = 0/high &ge;1) was 12.2% (95% CI: 8.7%-15.7%). Conclusion::In Chinese AF patients, a novel and simple CAS risk model better predicted 1-year TEs than the widely-used CHA 2DS 2- VA risk score and identified a large proportion of patients with low risk of TEs, which could potentially improve anticoagulation decision-making. Trial Registration::www.chictr.org.cn (Unique identifier No. ChiCTR-OCH-13003729).

There are many kinds of medical facial protective equipment with different functions. However, due to the lack of recognition of the hazards of facial occupational exposure, an incomplete understanding of the functions and effects of protective equipment and a lack of awareness, the proportion of staff that wear protective equipment in the Department of Stomatology is low. In this paper, the harmful and protective effects of face occupational exposure of dental staff were reviewed. A literature review showed that with the increasing prevalence of infection with AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and multidrug resistant bacteria in recent years, the occupational infection rate of medical staff in the Department of Stomatology has increased. The noise generated during oral treatment and the light from photosensitive curing lamps and treatment or surgical lasers can also cause occupational damage to hearing and vision. Face protection measures lack comprehensive functioning, and there is a lack of products that can be easily worn, indicating that the functions of face protection products need to be improved and strengthened. To minimize occupational infection and injury, we should not only improve the existing protective equipment but also improve personal protection awareness through advertising and education and comprehensively explore effective measures to improve occupational safety to ultimately achieve safe and high-quality medical services.

Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) is frequently used in abdominal surgeries. However, relevant guidelines are rare. Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association organized a committee composed of 28 experts across China in July 2017, aiming to provide an evidence-based recommendation for the application of VSD in abdominal surgeries. Eleven questions regarding the use of VSD in abdominal surgeries were addressed: (1) which type of materials should be respectively chosen for the intraperitoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity and superficial incisions? (2) Can VSD be preventively used for a high-risk abdominal incision with primary suture? (3) Can VSD be used in severely contaminated/infected abdominal surgical sites? (4) Can VSD be used for temporary abdominal cavity closure under some special conditions such as severe abdominal trauma, infection, liver transplantation and intra-abdominal volume increment in abdominal compartment syndrome? (5) Can VSD be used in abdominal organ inflammation, injury, or postoperative drainage? (6) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intestinal fistula and pancreatic fistula? (7) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intra-abdominal and extra-peritoneal abscess? (8) Can VSD be used in the treatment of abdominal wall wounds, wound cavity, and defects? (9) Does VSD increase the risk of bleeding? (10) Does VSD increase the risk of intestinal wall injury? (11) Does VSD increase the risk of peritoneal adhesion? Focusing on these questions, evidence-based recommendations were given accordingly. VSD was strongly recommended regarding the questions 2-4. Weak recommendations were made regarding questions 1 and 5-11. Proper use of VSD in abdominal surgeries can lower the risk of infection in abdominal incisions with primary suture, treat severely contaminated/infected surgical sites and facilitate temporary abdominal cavity closure.
Abdomen ; surgery ; China ; Drainage ; methods ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Societies, Medical ; organization & administration ; Surgical Wound Infection ; prevention & control ; Traumatology ; organization & administration ; Vacuum

OBJECTIVE: To determine the significance of morphology of bone marrow smear for diagnosis of bone marrow involvement in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to study the morphological characteristics of DLBCL cells involved in bone marrow. METHODS: Four hundred and twenty cases of DLBCL diagnosed at Peking Union Hospital from 2006 to 2016 were analyzed and identified. RESULTS: Blinded analysis of bone marrow smear and bone marrow biopsy data showed involvement in 42 cases on smears (S), in 47cases by biopsy (B) and the in 49 cases by (S+B). There was an excellent correlation between 2 methods diagnosing the bone marrow infiltration of DLBCL independently (κ=0.889). The morphological features of DLBCL cells involved in bone marrow were of medium sizes, round or irregular nuclear. The chromatin presented dark purple rea and coarse granular, and most of them had 1-5 nucleoli. The amount of cytoplasm was moderate with the color of dark blue or greyish blue. Vacuoles and pseudopodia were common. CONCLUSION The morphological examination of bone marrow cells has a certain role in the diagnosing bone marrow involvement in patients with DLBCL, and the atypical lymphoid cells making up ≥1% of the total nucleated cells highly suggests the bone marrow involvement in the patients with DLBCL.
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Prognosis