Objective: : The aim of this study was to verify the equivalence and effectiveness of the tablet-administered Korean Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (K-RBANS) for the prevention and early detection of dementia. Methods: : Data from 88 psychiatry and neurology patient samples were examined to evaluate the equivalence between tablet and paper administrations of the K-RBANS using a non-randomly equivalent group design. We calculated the prediction scores of the tablet-administered K-RBANS based on demographics and covariate-test scores for focal tests using norm samples and tested format effects. In addition, we compared the receiver operating characteristic curves to confirm the effectiveness of the K-RBANS for preventing and detecting dementia. Results: : In the analysis of raw scores, line orientation showed a significant difference (t=-2.94, p<0.001), and subtests showed small to large effect sizes (0.04–0.86) between paper- and tablet-administered K-RBANS. To investigate the format effect, we compared the predicted scaled scores of the tablet sample to the scaled scores of the norm sample. Consequently, a small effect size (d≤0.20) was observed in most of the subtests, except word list and story recall, which showed a medium effect size (d=0.21), while picture naming and subtests of delayed memory showed significant differences in the one-sample t-test. In addition, the area under the curve of the total scale index (TSI) (0.827; 95% confidence interval, 0.738–0.916) was higher than that of the five indices, ranging from 0.688 to 0.820. The sensitivity and specificity of TSI were 80% and 76%, respectively. Conclusion : The overall results of this study suggest that the tablet-administered K-RBANS showed significant equivalence to the norm sample, although some subtests showed format effects, and it may be used as a valid tool for the brief screening of patients with neuropsychological disorders in Korea.

Objective: : This study aimed to validate the Korean version of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Update (K-RBANS). Methods: : We performed a retrospective analysis of 283 psychiatric and neurosurgery patients. To investigate the convergent validity of the K-RBANS, correlation analyses were performed for other intelligence and neuropsychological test results. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test a series of alternative plausible models of the K-RBANS. To analyze the various capabilities of the K-RBANS, we compared the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC). Results: : Significant correlations were observed, confirming the convergent validity of the K-RBANS among the Total Scale Index (TSI) and indices of the K-RBANS and indices of intelligence (r=0.47–0.81; p<0.001) and other neuropsychological tests at moderate and above significance (r=0.41–0.63; p<0.001). Additionally, the results testing the construct validity of the K-RBANS showed that the second-order factor structure model (model 2, similar to an original factor structure of RBANS), which includes a first-order factor comprising five index scores (immediate memory, visuospatial capacity, language, attention, delayed memory) and one higher-order factor (TSI), was statistically acceptable. The comparative fit index (CFI) (CFI, 0.949) values and the goodness of fit index (GFI) (GFI, 0.942) values higher than 0.90 indicated an excellent fit. The root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) (RMSEA, 0.082) was considered an acceptable fit. Additionally, the factor structure of model 2 was found to be better and more valid than the other model in χ2 values (Δχ2=7.69, p<0.05). In the ROC analysis, the AUCs of the TSI and five indices were 0.716–0.837, and the AUC of TSI (AUC, 0.837; 95% confidence interval, 0.760–0.896) was higher than the AUCs of the other indices. The sensitivity and specificity of TSI were 77.66% and 78.12%, respectively. Conclusion : The overall results of this study suggest that the K-RBANS may be used as a valid tool for the brief screening of neuropsychological patients in Korea.

Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) is frequently used in abdominal surgeries. However, relevant guidelines are rare. Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association organized a committee composed of 28 experts across China in July 2017, aiming to provide an evidence-based recommendation for the application of VSD in abdominal surgeries. Eleven questions regarding the use of VSD in abdominal surgeries were addressed: (1) which type of materials should be respectively chosen for the intraperitoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity and superficial incisions? (2) Can VSD be preventively used for a high-risk abdominal incision with primary suture? (3) Can VSD be used in severely contaminated/infected abdominal surgical sites? (4) Can VSD be used for temporary abdominal cavity closure under some special conditions such as severe abdominal trauma, infection, liver transplantation and intra-abdominal volume increment in abdominal compartment syndrome? (5) Can VSD be used in abdominal organ inflammation, injury, or postoperative drainage? (6) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intestinal fistula and pancreatic fistula? (7) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intra-abdominal and extra-peritoneal abscess? (8) Can VSD be used in the treatment of abdominal wall wounds, wound cavity, and defects? (9) Does VSD increase the risk of bleeding? (10) Does VSD increase the risk of intestinal wall injury? (11) Does VSD increase the risk of peritoneal adhesion? Focusing on these questions, evidence-based recommendations were given accordingly. VSD was strongly recommended regarding the questions 2-4. Weak recommendations were made regarding questions 1 and 5-11. Proper use of VSD in abdominal surgeries can lower the risk of infection in abdominal incisions with primary suture, treat severely contaminated/infected surgical sites and facilitate temporary abdominal cavity closure.
Abdomen ; surgery ; China ; Drainage ; methods ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Societies, Medical ; organization & administration ; Surgical Wound Infection ; prevention & control ; Traumatology ; organization & administration ; Vacuum

BACKGROUND: Preparing a scaffold with cartilage derived components and good initial mechanical strength is the direction of tissue engineering cartilage research. OBJECTIVE: To prepare porous acellular osteochondral scaffolds, and to explore their mechanical properties and cell compatibility. METHODS: Osteochondral bone from the porcine knee joint was taken, and then porous osteochondral scaffolds were made by laser microporation technology. Subsequently, the scaffolds were decellularized chemical methods. Scaffold structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the compression modulus of the scaffolds was determined. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in L-DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (control group) and cultured in the medium extract of porous acellular osteochondral scaffolds (experimental group), respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 method within 5 days of culture. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on the porous acellular osteochondral scaffolds, and within 28 days of co-culture, cell growth was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and toluidine blue staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Observation under scanning electron microscopy: The porous acellular osteochondral scaffolds had the smooth surface with evenly distributed pores. The pores of the scaffold extended longitudinally into the subchondral bone. (2) Mechanical properties: The average compressive modulus of porous acellular osteochondral scaffolds was 0.77 MPa, which was close to the compression modulus of the normal cartilage (1.15 MPa). (3) Cell counting kit-8 test: There were no differences in cell proliferation between the control and experimental groups at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days of culture. (4) Cell-scaffold co-culture: A large amount of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were observed to be adherent to the scaffold after 1 day of culture through hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining. However, as time went on, a few cells adhered to the pore wall or grew into the pores at 7 and 21 days of culture. There were also some adherent cells but a large amount of cell masses formed in the pores at 28 days of culture. To conclude, the porous acellular osteochondral scaffold has good mechanical properties and cell compatibility.

BACKGROUND: The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of cartilage damage has become a hot spot of research. Further studies on the distribution of MSCs in the body after injection and on the underlying mechanism of action are needed. OBJECTIVE: To observe the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) after injection into the region of osteochondral defect. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups (n=15 per group). In the control group, the femoral tochlear was exposed but an osteochondral defect was not made; and after the suture, PKH26-labeled BMSCs were directly injected into the articular cavity of rats. In the experimental group, a cartilage defect of 1 mm in diameter and 1 mm in depth was made in the rat femoral trochlea, and 5×106PKH26-labeled BMSCs were injected into the defect after operation. At 1, 3 and 7 days after injection, the femoral condyle was taken to make frozen sections followed by DAPI staining. The distribution of BMSCs was observed under laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the control group, PKH26-labeled BMSCs were not transferred to the subchondral bone. In the experimental group, BMSCs were detected in the subchondral bone area at 1, 3 days after injection of PKH26-BMSCs in the bone cartilage defect area, and the BMSCs were also found in the bone marrow cavity at 7 days after injection. In conclusion, BMSCs in the articular cavity cannot migrate into the subchondral bone and bone marrow cavity unless the cartilage of the femoral condyle is damaged.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the disease burden of colorectal cancer in Jinchang cohort, and provide evidence for preventing colorectal cancer and reducing the disease burden of colorectal cancer in the cohort.

METHODSThe colorectal cancer mortality data from 2001 to 2013 and the medical records of colorectal cancer patients from 2001 to 2010 were collected for this retrospective cohort study. The colorectal cancer disease burden was described by using mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, medical expenditure, potential years of life lost (PYLL), average potential years of life lost (APYLL), working potential years of life lost (WPYLL), and average working potential years of life lost (AWPYLL). The development trend in disease burden of colorectal cancer was analyzed by using Spearman correlation and the average growth rate.

RESULTSThe crude mortality rate of colorectal cancer from 2001 to 2013 was 9.53/100,000 with the average annual growth rate of 12.89%. The PYLL, APYLL, WPYLL and AWPYLL of colorectal cancer were 485.00 person-years, 9.15 years, 253.00 person-years, and 4.77 years, respectively. The direct medical expenditure due to colorectal cancer was 7064.38 Yuan per case and 408.43 Yuan per day. There was no increasing trend in the direct medical expenditure due to colorectal cancer.

CONCLUSIONColorectal cancer mortolity rate was on the rise and it caused heavy disease burden in Jinchang cohort.

China ; epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; economics ; mortality ; Cost of Illness ; Health Expenditures ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo understand the current status of disease burden caused by gastric cancer in Jinchang cohort.

METHODSIn this historical cohort study, the data of gastric cancer deaths from 2001 to 2013 and the medical records of gastric cancer cases from 2001 to 2010 in Jinchang cohort were collected to analyze the mortality, potential years of life lost (PYLL), working PYLL (WPYLL) associated with gastric cancer, and the medical expenditure data were used to evaluate the direct economic burden. Spearman correlation analysis and the average growth rate were used to describe the change trend of disease burden of gastric cancer.

RESULTSA total of 213 gastric cancer deaths occurred in Jinchang cohort from 2001 to 2013. The average annual crude mortality rate of gastric cancer was 38.30 per 100,000 in Jinchang cohort during 2001-2013 and no obvious change was observed. The crude mortality rate in males was 6.84 times higher than that in females. Gastric cancer death mainly occurred in age group 50-79 years (82.62%), while the mortality rates was increasing among the people under 50 years with an average annual increase rate of 0.77%. The annual average PYLL (APYLL) and average WPYLL (AWPYLL) caused by gastric cancer decreased by 8.43% and 10.46%, respectively. No obvious change in medical expenditure of gastric cancer cases was observed in Jinchang Cohort during 2001-2010, and the medical expenditure and average daily cost of hospitalization were 8102.23 Yuan, and 463.45 Yuan per capita, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe burden of disease for gastric cancer was heavy in Jinchang cohort. The PYLL and WPYLL had no change, while the APYLL and AWPYLL showed a increasing trend during the last ten years. Direct economic burden of inpatients with gastric cancer had no change.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Cost of Illness ; Female ; Health Expenditures ; statistics & numerical data ; Hospitalization ; economics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; economics ; mortality

OBJECTIVETo understand the current status of lung cancer disease burden in Jinchang cohort.

METHODSIn this historical cohort study, the mortality data of the lung cancer from 2001 to 2013 and medical records of the lung cancer cases from 2001 to 2010 in Jinchang cohort were used, analyze mortality, direct economic burden, potential years of life lost (PYLL) and working PYLL (WPYLL) associated with lung cancer.

RESULTSA total of 434 lung cancer deaths occurred in Jinchang cohort from 2001 to 2013. The crude mortality rate of lung cancer was 78.06 per 100,000 from 2001 to 2013, with the increasing rate of 4.77%. The mortality rate of lung cancer in males and females were about 108.90 per 100,000 and 26.08 per 100,000 with the increasing rate of 4.24% and 6.91%, respectively. During the thirteen years, the PYLL and average PYLL (APYLL) of lung cancer were 3 721.71 person-years and 8.58 years. The APYLL of lung cancer in females (15.94 years) was higher than that in males (7.87 years). The WPYLL and the average WPYLL (AWPYLL) of lung cancer were 1161.00 person-years and 2.68 years, respectively. The AWPYLL of lung cancer was also higher in females than in males. The direct economic burden of lung cancer from 2001 to 2010 in Jinchang cohort was 6309.39 Yuan per case with no increased trend.

CONCLUSIONLung cancer is the main health problem in Jinchang cohort, causing heavy disease burden.

China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Cost of Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; economics ; mortality ; Male

OBJECTIVETo understand the disease burden caused by cancers in Jinchang cohort, and develop effective strategies for cancer prevention and control in this population.

METHODSThe cancer mortality data from 2001 to 2013 and the medical records for cancer patients from 2001 to 2010 in Jinchang cohort were collected. The disease burden caused by cancer was analyzed by using mortality rate, potential years of life lost (PYLL), working PYLL (WPYLL), and direct economic burden.

RESULTSDuring 2001-2013, in Jinchang cohort, the five leading cancers ranked by mortality rate were lung cancer (78.06/100,000), gastric cancer (38.03/100,000), liver cancer (37.23/100,000), esophageal cancer (19.06/100,000), and colorectal cancer (9.53/100,000). The five leading cancers in terms of PYLL (person-years) and WPYLL (person-years) were lung cancer (3480.33, 1161.00), liver cancer (2809.03, 1475.00), gastric cancer (2120.54, 844.00), esophageal cancer (949.61, 315.00), and colorectal cancer (539.90, 246.00). From 2001 to 2010, the five leading cancers in term of average daily cost of hospitalization were gastric cancer (8,102.23 Yuan), esophageal cancer (7135.79 Yuan), colorectal cancer (7064.38 Yuan), breast cancer (6723.53 Yuan), and lung cancer (6309.39 Yuan).

CONCLUSIONSThe cancers common causing higher disease burden in Jinchang cohort were lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer. The lung cancer disease burden was the highest.

Breast Neoplasms ; economics ; mortality ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; economics ; mortality ; Cost of Illness ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; economics ; mortality ; Female ; Hospitalization ; economics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; economics ; mortality ; Lung Neoplasms ; economics ; mortality ; Male ; Neoplasms ; economics ; mortality ; Stomach Neoplasms ; economics ; mortality

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation of pulmonary expressions of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1-4) with lung fibrosis and aging.

METHODSReal-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of FGFR1-4 in the lung tissues, and lung fibrosis was observed by HE and Masson staining in mice at different ages.

RESULTSThe 4 subtypes of FGFR showed different expression levels in the lung tissues of mice, and FGFR2 had the highest expressions. The expression levels of all the 4 FGFR subtypes in 8-month-old mice were significantly lower than those in 5-week-old mice. The 8-month-old mice tended to present with histological changes of lung fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONFGFR expressions is down-regulated with aging in mice. Among the FGFR subtypes, FGFR2 is expressed at the highest level. The occurrence of lung fibrosis with aging is probably associated with down-regulated FGFR expression. FGF/FGFR signaling may participate in the aging process and regulation of lung fibrosis.

Aging ; physiology ; Animals ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; classification ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction