Background: Complete revascularization has demonstrated better outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel disease. However, in the case of left main (LM) culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease, there is limited evidence to suggest that complete revascularization is better. Methods: We reviewed 16,831 patients in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry who were treated from July 2016 to June 2020, and 399 patients were enrolled with LM culprit lesion AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. We categorized the patients as those treated with complete revascularization (n=295) or incomplete revascularization (n=104). The study endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stent thrombosis, and stroke. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) and analyzed the incidence of MACCE at 1 year. Results: After PSM, the two groups were well balanced. There was no significant difference between the two groups in MACCE at 1 year (12.1% vs. 15.2%; hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–2.74; p=0.524) after PSM. The components of MACCE and major bleeding were also not significantly different. Conclusion There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the groups treated with complete or incomplete revascularization for LM culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease.

Background: Complete revascularization has demonstrated better outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel disease. However, in the case of left main (LM) culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease, there is limited evidence to suggest that complete revascularization is better. Methods: We reviewed 16,831 patients in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry who were treated from July 2016 to June 2020, and 399 patients were enrolled with LM culprit lesion AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. We categorized the patients as those treated with complete revascularization (n=295) or incomplete revascularization (n=104). The study endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stent thrombosis, and stroke. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) and analyzed the incidence of MACCE at 1 year. Results: After PSM, the two groups were well balanced. There was no significant difference between the two groups in MACCE at 1 year (12.1% vs. 15.2%; hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–2.74; p=0.524) after PSM. The components of MACCE and major bleeding were also not significantly different. Conclusion There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the groups treated with complete or incomplete revascularization for LM culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease.

Background: Complete revascularization has demonstrated better outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel disease. However, in the case of left main (LM) culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease, there is limited evidence to suggest that complete revascularization is better. Methods: We reviewed 16,831 patients in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry who were treated from July 2016 to June 2020, and 399 patients were enrolled with LM culprit lesion AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. We categorized the patients as those treated with complete revascularization (n=295) or incomplete revascularization (n=104). The study endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stent thrombosis, and stroke. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) and analyzed the incidence of MACCE at 1 year. Results: After PSM, the two groups were well balanced. There was no significant difference between the two groups in MACCE at 1 year (12.1% vs. 15.2%; hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–2.74; p=0.524) after PSM. The components of MACCE and major bleeding were also not significantly different. Conclusion There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the groups treated with complete or incomplete revascularization for LM culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease.

Background: Complete revascularization has demonstrated better outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel disease. However, in the case of left main (LM) culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease, there is limited evidence to suggest that complete revascularization is better. Methods: We reviewed 16,831 patients in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry who were treated from July 2016 to June 2020, and 399 patients were enrolled with LM culprit lesion AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. We categorized the patients as those treated with complete revascularization (n=295) or incomplete revascularization (n=104). The study endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stent thrombosis, and stroke. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) and analyzed the incidence of MACCE at 1 year. Results: After PSM, the two groups were well balanced. There was no significant difference between the two groups in MACCE at 1 year (12.1% vs. 15.2%; hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–2.74; p=0.524) after PSM. The components of MACCE and major bleeding were also not significantly different. Conclusion There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the groups treated with complete or incomplete revascularization for LM culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease.

Background and Objectives: The medications preferred by patients for allergic rhinitis and their usage remain unclear. This study investigated treatment-seeking behaviors in patients with allergic rhinitis, including medical treatments, environmental controls, and surgical treatments. Methods: In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted by internal medicine, pediatric, or otorhinolaryngology physicians at university hospitals from January 2022 to April 2022. A questionnaire was administered to patients with confirmed allergic rhinitis to collect information regarding medical treatments (prescription and over-the-counter medication use patterns, comorbid asthma, and allergen-specific immunotherapy), environmental controls (usage of air purifiers and pet avoidance), and experiences with surgical treatments. Results: We included 51 patients with allergic rhinitis with a mean age of 31.6±16.0 years. Among them, 47 (92.2%) and 6 (11.8%) patients had pollen allergies and asthma, respectively. Furthermore, 41 (80.4%) patients took prescribed medicines, while 39 (76.5%) patients only used the medication when experiencing symptoms. Thirty patients (58.8%) reported concurrent use of intranasal sprays and oral medications. Thirty-three patients (64.7%) reported awareness of immunotherapy, and there were no preferential differences between subcutaneous (52%) and sublingual immunotherapy (48%). Of the 36 patients (70.6%) who reported using an air purifier, 38.9% considered it helpful in preventing allergic rhinitis symptoms. Fourteen patients (27.5%) currently or previously had a companion animal, with half experiencing worsening of symptoms. Twelve patients had received surgical treatment and reported high satisfaction levels (41.6%, very satisfied; 41.6%, satisfied). Conclusion Patients with allergic rhinitis showed similar preferences for oral and spray medications. They also showed satisfaction with surgical treatments and an interest in the environmental management of allergic rhinitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of zirconia crowns of varying margin thicknesses. Materials and Methods: A model of the maxillary right first molar (Nissin, Kyoto, Japan) was prepared to create an abutment, which was fabricated into a metal die via a 3D metal printer. CAD software (exocad GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) was used to design the crowns. A total of eight groups were generated: initially separated by margin thickness (0.1 mm and 0.8 mm), and then further divided by horizontal margin widths of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm. Zirconia crowns were designed for each group’s working models (N=10). Crown fracture strength was assessed using a universal testing machine (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), applying a compressive load until fracture and recording the maximum load. A scanning electron microscope was employed to observe fracture patterns. Fracture strength results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, with the Tukey HSD test applied for post-hoc analysis (α=0.05). Results: Zirconia crown fracture strength significantly improved with increased horizontal margin width (P<0.001). However, margin thickness had no statistically significant effect on fracture strength (P=0.513). Conclusion Optimizing the horizontal margin width of zirconia crowns enhances their durability and performance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of zirconia crowns of varying margin thicknesses. Materials and Methods: A model of the maxillary right first molar (Nissin, Kyoto, Japan) was prepared to create an abutment, which was fabricated into a metal die via a 3D metal printer. CAD software (exocad GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) was used to design the crowns. A total of eight groups were generated: initially separated by margin thickness (0.1 mm and 0.8 mm), and then further divided by horizontal margin widths of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm. Zirconia crowns were designed for each group’s working models (N=10). Crown fracture strength was assessed using a universal testing machine (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), applying a compressive load until fracture and recording the maximum load. A scanning electron microscope was employed to observe fracture patterns. Fracture strength results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, with the Tukey HSD test applied for post-hoc analysis (α=0.05). Results: Zirconia crown fracture strength significantly improved with increased horizontal margin width (P<0.001). However, margin thickness had no statistically significant effect on fracture strength (P=0.513). Conclusion Optimizing the horizontal margin width of zirconia crowns enhances their durability and performance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of zirconia crowns of varying margin thicknesses. Materials and Methods: A model of the maxillary right first molar (Nissin, Kyoto, Japan) was prepared to create an abutment, which was fabricated into a metal die via a 3D metal printer. CAD software (exocad GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) was used to design the crowns. A total of eight groups were generated: initially separated by margin thickness (0.1 mm and 0.8 mm), and then further divided by horizontal margin widths of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm. Zirconia crowns were designed for each group’s working models (N=10). Crown fracture strength was assessed using a universal testing machine (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), applying a compressive load until fracture and recording the maximum load. A scanning electron microscope was employed to observe fracture patterns. Fracture strength results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, with the Tukey HSD test applied for post-hoc analysis (α=0.05). Results: Zirconia crown fracture strength significantly improved with increased horizontal margin width (P<0.001). However, margin thickness had no statistically significant effect on fracture strength (P=0.513). Conclusion Optimizing the horizontal margin width of zirconia crowns enhances their durability and performance.

Background and Objectives: The medications preferred by patients for allergic rhinitis and their usage remain unclear. This study investigated treatment-seeking behaviors in patients with allergic rhinitis, including medical treatments, environmental controls, and surgical treatments. Methods: In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted by internal medicine, pediatric, or otorhinolaryngology physicians at university hospitals from January 2022 to April 2022. A questionnaire was administered to patients with confirmed allergic rhinitis to collect information regarding medical treatments (prescription and over-the-counter medication use patterns, comorbid asthma, and allergen-specific immunotherapy), environmental controls (usage of air purifiers and pet avoidance), and experiences with surgical treatments. Results: We included 51 patients with allergic rhinitis with a mean age of 31.6±16.0 years. Among them, 47 (92.2%) and 6 (11.8%) patients had pollen allergies and asthma, respectively. Furthermore, 41 (80.4%) patients took prescribed medicines, while 39 (76.5%) patients only used the medication when experiencing symptoms. Thirty patients (58.8%) reported concurrent use of intranasal sprays and oral medications. Thirty-three patients (64.7%) reported awareness of immunotherapy, and there were no preferential differences between subcutaneous (52%) and sublingual immunotherapy (48%). Of the 36 patients (70.6%) who reported using an air purifier, 38.9% considered it helpful in preventing allergic rhinitis symptoms. Fourteen patients (27.5%) currently or previously had a companion animal, with half experiencing worsening of symptoms. Twelve patients had received surgical treatment and reported high satisfaction levels (41.6%, very satisfied; 41.6%, satisfied). Conclusion Patients with allergic rhinitis showed similar preferences for oral and spray medications. They also showed satisfaction with surgical treatments and an interest in the environmental management of allergic rhinitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of zirconia crowns of varying margin thicknesses. Materials and Methods: A model of the maxillary right first molar (Nissin, Kyoto, Japan) was prepared to create an abutment, which was fabricated into a metal die via a 3D metal printer. CAD software (exocad GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) was used to design the crowns. A total of eight groups were generated: initially separated by margin thickness (0.1 mm and 0.8 mm), and then further divided by horizontal margin widths of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm. Zirconia crowns were designed for each group’s working models (N=10). Crown fracture strength was assessed using a universal testing machine (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), applying a compressive load until fracture and recording the maximum load. A scanning electron microscope was employed to observe fracture patterns. Fracture strength results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, with the Tukey HSD test applied for post-hoc analysis (α=0.05). Results: Zirconia crown fracture strength significantly improved with increased horizontal margin width (P<0.001). However, margin thickness had no statistically significant effect on fracture strength (P=0.513). Conclusion Optimizing the horizontal margin width of zirconia crowns enhances their durability and performance.