Purpose: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive practical guide for enteral nutrition (EN) designed to enhance patient safety and reduce complications in Korea. Under the leadership of the Korean Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (KSPEN), the initiative sought to standardize EN procedures, improve decision-making, and promote effective multidisciplinary communication. Methods: The KSPEN EN committee identified key questions related to EN practices and organized them into seven sections such as prescribing, delivery route selection, formula preparation, administration, and quality management. Twenty-one experts, selected based on their expertise, conducted a thorough literature review to formulate evidence-based recommendations. Drafts underwent peer review both within and across disciplines, with final revisions completed by the KSPEN Guideline Committee. The guide, which will be published in three installments, addresses critical elements of EN therapy and safety protocols. Results: The practical guide recommends that EN orders include detailed elements and advocates the use of electronic medical records for communication. Standardized prescription forms and supplementary safety measures are outlined. Review frequency is adjusted according to patient condition—daily for critically ill or unstable patients and as dictated by institutional protocols for stable patients. Evidence indicates that adherence to these protocols reduces mortality, complications, and prescription errors. Conclusion The KSPEN practical guide offers a robust framework for the safe delivery of EN tailored to Korea’s healthcare context. It emphasizes standardized protocols and interdisciplinary collaboration to improve nutritional outcomes, patient safety, and operational efficiency. Rigorous implementation and monitoring of adherence are critical for its success.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive practical guide for enteral nutrition (EN) designed to enhance patient safety and reduce complications in Korea. Under the leadership of the Korean Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (KSPEN), the initiative sought to standardize EN procedures, improve decision-making, and promote effective multidisciplinary communication. Methods: The KSPEN EN committee identified key questions related to EN practices and organized them into seven sections such as prescribing, delivery route selection, formula preparation, administration, and quality management. Twenty-one experts, selected based on their expertise, conducted a thorough literature review to formulate evidence-based recommendations. Drafts underwent peer review both within and across disciplines, with final revisions completed by the KSPEN Guideline Committee. The guide, which will be published in three installments, addresses critical elements of EN therapy and safety protocols. Results: The practical guide recommends that EN orders include detailed elements and advocates the use of electronic medical records for communication. Standardized prescription forms and supplementary safety measures are outlined. Review frequency is adjusted according to patient condition—daily for critically ill or unstable patients and as dictated by institutional protocols for stable patients. Evidence indicates that adherence to these protocols reduces mortality, complications, and prescription errors. Conclusion The KSPEN practical guide offers a robust framework for the safe delivery of EN tailored to Korea’s healthcare context. It emphasizes standardized protocols and interdisciplinary collaboration to improve nutritional outcomes, patient safety, and operational efficiency. Rigorous implementation and monitoring of adherence are critical for its success.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive practical guide for enteral nutrition (EN) designed to enhance patient safety and reduce complications in Korea. Under the leadership of the Korean Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (KSPEN), the initiative sought to standardize EN procedures, improve decision-making, and promote effective multidisciplinary communication. Methods: The KSPEN EN committee identified key questions related to EN practices and organized them into seven sections such as prescribing, delivery route selection, formula preparation, administration, and quality management. Twenty-one experts, selected based on their expertise, conducted a thorough literature review to formulate evidence-based recommendations. Drafts underwent peer review both within and across disciplines, with final revisions completed by the KSPEN Guideline Committee. The guide, which will be published in three installments, addresses critical elements of EN therapy and safety protocols. Results: The practical guide recommends that EN orders include detailed elements and advocates the use of electronic medical records for communication. Standardized prescription forms and supplementary safety measures are outlined. Review frequency is adjusted according to patient condition—daily for critically ill or unstable patients and as dictated by institutional protocols for stable patients. Evidence indicates that adherence to these protocols reduces mortality, complications, and prescription errors. Conclusion The KSPEN practical guide offers a robust framework for the safe delivery of EN tailored to Korea’s healthcare context. It emphasizes standardized protocols and interdisciplinary collaboration to improve nutritional outcomes, patient safety, and operational efficiency. Rigorous implementation and monitoring of adherence are critical for its success.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive practical guide for enteral nutrition (EN) designed to enhance patient safety and reduce complications in Korea. Under the leadership of the Korean Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (KSPEN), the initiative sought to standardize EN procedures, improve decision-making, and promote effective multidisciplinary communication. Methods: The KSPEN EN committee identified key questions related to EN practices and organized them into seven sections such as prescribing, delivery route selection, formula preparation, administration, and quality management. Twenty-one experts, selected based on their expertise, conducted a thorough literature review to formulate evidence-based recommendations. Drafts underwent peer review both within and across disciplines, with final revisions completed by the KSPEN Guideline Committee. The guide, which will be published in three installments, addresses critical elements of EN therapy and safety protocols. Results: The practical guide recommends that EN orders include detailed elements and advocates the use of electronic medical records for communication. Standardized prescription forms and supplementary safety measures are outlined. Review frequency is adjusted according to patient condition—daily for critically ill or unstable patients and as dictated by institutional protocols for stable patients. Evidence indicates that adherence to these protocols reduces mortality, complications, and prescription errors. Conclusion The KSPEN practical guide offers a robust framework for the safe delivery of EN tailored to Korea’s healthcare context. It emphasizes standardized protocols and interdisciplinary collaboration to improve nutritional outcomes, patient safety, and operational efficiency. Rigorous implementation and monitoring of adherence are critical for its success.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive practical guide for enteral nutrition (EN) designed to enhance patient safety and reduce complications in Korea. Under the leadership of the Korean Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (KSPEN), the initiative sought to standardize EN procedures, improve decision-making, and promote effective multidisciplinary communication. Methods: The KSPEN EN committee identified key questions related to EN practices and organized them into seven sections such as prescribing, delivery route selection, formula preparation, administration, and quality management. Twenty-one experts, selected based on their expertise, conducted a thorough literature review to formulate evidence-based recommendations. Drafts underwent peer review both within and across disciplines, with final revisions completed by the KSPEN Guideline Committee. The guide, which will be published in three installments, addresses critical elements of EN therapy and safety protocols. Results: The practical guide recommends that EN orders include detailed elements and advocates the use of electronic medical records for communication. Standardized prescription forms and supplementary safety measures are outlined. Review frequency is adjusted according to patient condition—daily for critically ill or unstable patients and as dictated by institutional protocols for stable patients. Evidence indicates that adherence to these protocols reduces mortality, complications, and prescription errors. Conclusion The KSPEN practical guide offers a robust framework for the safe delivery of EN tailored to Korea’s healthcare context. It emphasizes standardized protocols and interdisciplinary collaboration to improve nutritional outcomes, patient safety, and operational efficiency. Rigorous implementation and monitoring of adherence are critical for its success.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of the RKP00156 vaginal tablet, a CDK9 inhibitor, in healthy women and patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2). Methods: We conducted a phase 1/2a clinical trial of RKP00156. In step 1, RKP00156 at a dose of 10, 25, or 50 mg or a placebo tablet was administered transvaginally to 24 healthy women.In step 2, RKP00156 at a dose of 10, 25, or 50 mg or a placebo tablet was administered once daily for 4 weeks in 62 patients with CIN2. The primary endpoints of this trial were the safety of RKP00156 and the change in the human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load. Results: A total of 86 patients were enrolled and randomized. RKP00156 administration did not cause serious drug-associated adverse events (AEs). Although no significant difference in the HPV viral load was found between the experimental and placebo groups, a reduction in the HPV viral load was observed in the 25 mg-dose group (−98.61%; 95% confidence interval=−99.83%, 4.52%; p=0.046) after treatment completion in patients with a high HPV viral load, despite a lack of statistical power. No differences in histologic regression and HPV clearance were observed. Conclusion The safety of RKP00156 was proved with no serious AEs. Although the study did not show any significance in histologic regression and HPV clearance, our findings indicate that RKP00156 may have a possibility of short-term inhibitory effect on HPV replication in patients with higher viral loads.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of the RKP00156 vaginal tablet, a CDK9 inhibitor, in healthy women and patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2). Methods: We conducted a phase 1/2a clinical trial of RKP00156. In step 1, RKP00156 at a dose of 10, 25, or 50 mg or a placebo tablet was administered transvaginally to 24 healthy women.In step 2, RKP00156 at a dose of 10, 25, or 50 mg or a placebo tablet was administered once daily for 4 weeks in 62 patients with CIN2. The primary endpoints of this trial were the safety of RKP00156 and the change in the human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load. Results: A total of 86 patients were enrolled and randomized. RKP00156 administration did not cause serious drug-associated adverse events (AEs). Although no significant difference in the HPV viral load was found between the experimental and placebo groups, a reduction in the HPV viral load was observed in the 25 mg-dose group (−98.61%; 95% confidence interval=−99.83%, 4.52%; p=0.046) after treatment completion in patients with a high HPV viral load, despite a lack of statistical power. No differences in histologic regression and HPV clearance were observed. Conclusion The safety of RKP00156 was proved with no serious AEs. Although the study did not show any significance in histologic regression and HPV clearance, our findings indicate that RKP00156 may have a possibility of short-term inhibitory effect on HPV replication in patients with higher viral loads.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of the RKP00156 vaginal tablet, a CDK9 inhibitor, in healthy women and patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2). Methods: We conducted a phase 1/2a clinical trial of RKP00156. In step 1, RKP00156 at a dose of 10, 25, or 50 mg or a placebo tablet was administered transvaginally to 24 healthy women.In step 2, RKP00156 at a dose of 10, 25, or 50 mg or a placebo tablet was administered once daily for 4 weeks in 62 patients with CIN2. The primary endpoints of this trial were the safety of RKP00156 and the change in the human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load. Results: A total of 86 patients were enrolled and randomized. RKP00156 administration did not cause serious drug-associated adverse events (AEs). Although no significant difference in the HPV viral load was found between the experimental and placebo groups, a reduction in the HPV viral load was observed in the 25 mg-dose group (−98.61%; 95% confidence interval=−99.83%, 4.52%; p=0.046) after treatment completion in patients with a high HPV viral load, despite a lack of statistical power. No differences in histologic regression and HPV clearance were observed. Conclusion The safety of RKP00156 was proved with no serious AEs. Although the study did not show any significance in histologic regression and HPV clearance, our findings indicate that RKP00156 may have a possibility of short-term inhibitory effect on HPV replication in patients with higher viral loads.

Background: Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), which encodes thiol protease that hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine residue of ubiquitin, regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, transcriptional regulation, and numerous other biological processes and may be involved in lung cancer progression. UCHL1 is mainly expressed in the brain and plays a tumor-promoting role in a few cancer types; however, there are limited reports regarding its role in lung cancer. Methods: Single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing using 10X chromium v3 was performed on a paired normal-appearing and tumor tissue from surgical specimens of a patient who showed unusually rapid progression. To validate clinical implication of the identified biomarkers, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed on 48 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue specimens, and the correlation with clinical parameters was evaluated. Results: We identified 500 genes overexpressed in tumor tissue compared to those in normal tissue. Among them, UCHL1, brain expressed X-linked 3 (BEX3), and midkine (MDK), which are associated with tumor growth and progression, exhibited a 1.5-fold increase in expression compared to that in normal tissue. IHC analysis of NSCLC tissues showed that only UCHL1 was specifically overexpressed. Additionally, in 48 NSCLC specimens, UCHL1 was specifically upregulated in the cytoplasm and nuclear membrane of tumor cells. Multivariable logistic analysis identified several factors, including smoking, tumor size, and high-grade dysplasia, to be typically associated with UCHL1 overexpression. Survival analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets revealed that UCHL1 overexpression is substantially associated with poor survival outcomes. Furthermore, a strong association was observed between UCHL1 expression and the clinicopathological features of patients with NSCLC. Conclusion UCHL1 overexpression was associated with smoking, tumor size, and high-grade dysplasia, which are typically associated with a poor prognosis and survival outcome. These findings suggest that UCHL1 may serve as an effective biomarker of NSCLC.

Lung cancer is representative of a high frequency and high mortality disease and ranks at the top in incidence and mortality in Korea, when excluding thyroid cancer. In this manuscript, we focused on current targeted therapies for lung cancer used widely in the medical field.Current Concepts: The majority of patients with lung cancer cannot be treated with surgery only and require chemotherapeutics or radiation therapy. Currently, classical chemotherapeutic agents, targeted agents, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most widely used. Recently, the Research and Development of antibody-drug conjugates is gaining attention, and this may become a more widely prescribed treatment in the future. Among the available treatment options, targeted therapy is becoming increasingly feasible and widespread for treating inoperable lung cancers, where driver mutations have been identified, and for adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapies. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) improves the ability to identify driver mutations that were previously difficult to detect and can also be performed on blood samples where no cancer tissue is available for testing. This makes it possible to identify therapeutic targets for targeted therapy more rapidly.Discussion and Conclusion: The most common type of lung cancer in Korea is adenocarcinoma, for which a driver mutation has been identified. Newly developed drugs target previously problematic mutations or cancer cell lines that have acquired resistance induced during the treatment process. The survival rate of patients with lung cancer is expected to improve with the development of tailored treatments for targets identified from the NGS data of the patient. This paper will help clinicians understand the current state of targeted therapies for lung cancer treatment.