Adult ; Cerebral Infarction ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Heart Atria ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Myxoma ; complications ; diagnostic imaging

No abstract available.
Aneurysm, Dissecting/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology/therapy ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Aortic Aneurysm/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology/therapy ; Behcet Syndrome/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis/etiology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Electrocardiography ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Sinus of Valsalva/physiopathology/ultrasonography ; Thrombosis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology/physiopathology ; Ventricular Septal Rupture/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology/therapy

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is usually a reversible clinical and radiological entity associated with typical features on brain MR or CT imaging. However, the not-so-uncommon atypical radiological presentations of the condition are also present and they may go unrecognised as they are confused with other conditions. Here, we report a very rare case of atypical, unilateral PRES in a 49-year-old uremic, post-transplant female patient who presented with seizures. Initial MRI showed high-grade occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and lesions suggestive of subacute infarction in the ipsilateral frontotemporoparietal lobe. Patient symptoms had resolved a day after the onset without any specific treatment but early follow-up CT findings suggested hemorrhagic transformation. Follow-up MRI performed 2 years later showed complete disappearence of the lesions and persisting MCA occlusion.
Acute Kidney Injury/complications ; Brain/radiography ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnosis/radiography ; Lung Transplantation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome/complications/*diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A 44-year old male patient was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine with left ptosis and pain on the left head and neck for 20 days.Brain MRI showed subacute cerebral infarction on left parietal lobe and intramural hematoma on left internal carotid artery. CT angiography showed stenosis line on the C1 segment of left internal carotid artery. Digital subtraction angiography showed dissection on the C1 segment of left internal carotid artery.The condition of patients was improved after anticoagulant therapy.
Adult ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; complications ; diagnosis ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; pathology ; Cerebral Infarction ; pathology ; Horner Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male

No abstract available.
*Aorta, Thoracic/ultrasonography ; Aortic Diseases/*complications/diagnosis ; Catheterization, Peripheral/*adverse effects ; Cerebral Angiography/*adverse effects ; Electrocardiography ; Fatal Outcome ; *Femoral Artery ; Heart Arrest/diagnosis/etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis/*etiology ; Punctures ; *Sinus of Valsalva/ultrasonography ; Thrombosis/diagnosis/*etiology

A 42-year-old Chinese man presented with left-sided chest pain and splenomegaly. Full blood count revealed erythrocytosis, while plain radiograph and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed hepatosplenomegaly with splenic infarction. Further workup confirmed the diagnosis of polycythaemia vera. Clinical and imaging features of polycythaemia vera, as well as the potential pitfalls in image interpretation, are discussed in this article.
Adult ; Brain ; pathology ; Cerebral Infarction ; complications ; diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polycythemia Vera ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography, Abdominal ; methods ; Seizures ; diagnosis ; Splenomegaly ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Venous Thrombosis ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVECerebral infarction (CI) is one of severe diseases of central nervous system in neonates, and some infants with CI could have poor prognosis in the long term. This study aimed to analyze the clinical data and prognosis of all neonatal cases with cerebral infarction in recent years and to help future clinical work.

METHODTotally 58 neonatal cases with CI admitted to NICU of the hospital from January 1999 to December 2010 were included in this study. We analyzed all clinical data and prognosis by retrospective analysis.

RESULTSFifty-two term babies and six preterm babies were included. There were altogether 51 cases with asphyxia and 7 with hemorrhagic cerebral infarction. Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia was the most common high-risk factor and it accounted for 46.6%. Seizure was the most frequent initial symptom and the most common clinical manifestation (accounted for 77.6%), and it was followed by intermittent cyanosis, apnea and lethargy. Cerebral CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging were major methods to help to make the diagnosis and they also had close relation with prognosis. Diffusion weighted imaging was very helpful to diagnose infarction in early stage. Left middle cerebral artery was the most common artery to be involved. Supportive therapy and symptomatic treatment were the main methods in the acute stage of neonatal cerebral infarction. Those babies with poor prognosis mostly had large infarction involving cerebral hemisphere, thalamus and basal ganglia.

CONCLUSIONSNeonatal cerebral infarction was a severe brain injury affecting long tern nervous system prognosis. Perinatal hypoxia was the most common high-risk factor and seizure was the most frequent initial symptom. Diffusion weighted imaging was valuable to diagnose infarction in early stage. Most of infants with poor prognosis had large infarction involving hemisphere, thalamus and basal ganglia. Early diagnosis with brain imaging would be helpful for rehabilitation therapy and improving prognosis.

Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Cerebral Infarction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Cerebral Palsy ; etiology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; complications ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prognosis ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seizures ; etiology ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

This study was carried out to investigate the role of intrinsic neuroprotective mechanisms in the occurrence and development of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) with the goal of providing a target for the treatment and prevention of VCI. Inpatients with proven cerebral infarction on cranial computed tomography (CT) were recruited as the ischemic cerebrovascular diseases (ICVD) group, and the patients with mixed stroke were excluded. In ICVD group, 12 patients were diagnosed as having VCI and served as VCI group. Inpatients undergoing surgical operation in our hospital were enrolled as control group. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ICVD. Associations between the levels of these factors and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score were evaluated. In ICVD and VCI groups, the levels of HIF-1α and NGF in the cerebrospinal fluid were markedly lower than those in control group (P=0.037 and P=0.000; P=0.023 and P=0.005). In ICVD and VCI groups, the MMSE score was negatively related to VEGF level in the cerebrospinal fluid (r=-0.327, P=0.021; r=-0.585, P=0.046). In VCI group, HIF-1α level was correlated with NGF level (r=0.589, P=0.044). HIF-1α and NGF are involved in ischemic and hypoxic cerebral injury. The HIF signaling pathway plays an important role in intrinsic neuroprotection. Upregulation and maintenance of HIF-1α and NGF expression may attenuate VCI. Changes in VEGF levels are related to the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment.
Biomarkers ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Cerebral Infarction ; cerebrospinal fluid ; complications ; diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders ; cerebrospinal fluid ; complications ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Growth Factor ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; cerebrospinal fluid

Brain Infarction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Cerebral Angiography ; Child ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Heart Atria ; Heart Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Intracranial Embolism ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Male ; Myxoma ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Pulmonary Edema ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Thrombosis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the metabolic changes on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) in patients with first left basal ganglia infarction and their relationship with depression.

METHODSTwenty-two patients with first left basal ganglia infarction and 10 matched healthy controls were recruited in the study. Patients and controls underwent (1)H MRS scan and the spectrum of N-acetyl aspartic acid (NAA), choline (Cho) and creatinine (Cr) was recorded at the first week (D7) and 1 month after onset (M1), respectively. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Ability of daily life (ADL), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were evaluated at D7, M1 and M6 after onset. The patients were classified into two groups: post-stroke depression (PSD) and non-post-stroke depression (NPSD) according to the result of HAMD.The differences of (1)H-MRS between these two groups were compared and their relationship with NIHSS and ADL was analyzed.

RESULTSAmong 22 patients 10 were diagnosed as PSD and 12 were NPSD. Compared to controls, NAA/Cr was significantly lower and Cho/Cr was significantly higher (P <0.05)in left prefrontal white matter and left basal ganglia in patients with infarct. Patients with PSD showed a lower NAA/Cr and higher Cho/Cr than NPSD patients (P <0.05). At M1 after onset, NAA/Cr in the left prefrontal white matter was significantly correlated with NIHSS (r=-0.551, P =0.032), while Cho/Cr was correlated with ADL (r=0.682, P=0.005)in PSD patients.

CONCLUSIONMetabolic changes shown on (1)H-MRS in patients with basal ganglia infarction may predict the occurrence of PSD.

Adult ; Basal Ganglia ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Infarction ; complications ; Depression ; diagnosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protons