Anthracyclines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Cardiomyopathies ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; Cardiotonic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; drug effects ; Heart Diseases ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Survival Analysis ; Troponin I ; analysis

Survival rates after cardiac arrest have not changed substantially over the past 5 decades. Postcardiac arrest (CA) syndrome (PCAS) is the primary reason for the high mortality rate after successful restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Intravenous administration of Shenfu Injection (, SFI) may attenuate post-CA myocardial dysfunction and cerebral injury, inhibit systemic ischemia/reperfusion responses, and treat underlying diseases. In this article, we reviewed the therapeutic effects of SFI in PCAS. SFI might be useful in the treatment of PCAS, incorporating the multi-link and multi-target advantages of Chinese medicine into PCAS management. Further experimental and clinical research to verify the therapeutic effects of SFI in PCAS is required.
Cardiotonic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Heart Arrest ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Injections ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVECarnitine deficiency has been associated with progressive cardiomyopathy due to compromised energy metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate clinical features of carnitine deficiency-induced cardiomyopathy and the therapeutic efficacy of L-carnitine administration.

METHODBetween January 2010 and December 2011, filter-paper blood spots were collected from 75 children with cardiomyopathy. Free carnitine and acylcarnitine profiles were measured for each individual by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). For those in whom carnitine deficiency was demonstrated, treatment was begun with L-carnitine at a dose of 150 - 250 mg/(kg·d). Clinical evaluation, including physical examination, electrocardiography, chest x-ray, echocardiography and tandem mass spectrometry, was performed before therapy and during follow-up.

RESULTOf 75 cardiomyopathy patients, the diagnosis of carnitine deficiency was confirmed in 6 patients, which included 1 boy and 5 girls. Their age ranged from 0.75 to 6 years. Free carnitine content was (1.55 ± 0.61) µmol/L (reference range 10 - 60 µmol/L). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) was (5.04 ± 0.66) cm and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was (38.5 ± 10.5)%. After 10 - 30 d therapy of L-carnitine, free carnitine content rose to (30.59 ± 15.02) µmol/L (t = 4.79, P < 0.01). LVDd decreased to (4.42 ± 0.67) cm (t = 4.28, P < 0.01) and LVEF increased to (49.1 ± 7.6)% (t = 6.59, P < 0.01). All patients received follow-up evaluations beyond 6 months of treatment. Clinical improvement was dramatic. LVEF returned to normal completely in all the 6 patients. LVDd decreased further in all the 6 patients and returned to normal levels in 3 patients. No clinical signs or symptoms were present in any of the 6 patients. The only complications of therapy had been intermittent diarrhea in 1 patient.

CONCLUSIONTandem mass spectrometry is helpful to diagnose carnitine deficiency and should be performed in all children with cardiomyopathy. L-carnitine has a good therapeutic effect on carnitine deficiency-induced cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent ; Cardiomyopathies ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Carnitine ; blood ; deficiency ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects

This article is report the study of the pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of exogenous phosphocreatine (PCr) in rats by means of an ion-pair HPLC-UV assay. PCr and its metabolite creatine (Cr) and related-ATP in rat plasma and red blood cell (RBC) were simultaneously determined. A blank plasma and RBC were initially run for baseline subtraction. Plasma and RBC samples were deproteinized with 6% PCA prior to HPLC. Following i.v. administration of PCr 500 mg x kg(-1) and 1 000 mg x kg(-1) the C-T curve could be described by the two-compartment model with t1/2beta 22.5-23.3 min, V(d) 0.956 4-0.978 6 L x kg(-1), CL 0.029 L. kg(-1) x min(-1). The Cr as PCr degraded product appeared as early as 2 min post i.v. dosing with t(max) 20 min, t1/2kappa (m) 40.6-42.7 min and f(m) 60%-76%. After po administration of PCr, the parent drug in plasma was undetectable, but the metabolite Cr was detected with t(max) 65-95 min, t1/2kappa (m) 56.0-57.7 min, metabolite-based bioavailability F(m) 55.02%-62.31%. PCr i.v. administration resulted in significant elevation of ATP level in RBC but not in plasma, the related-ATP in RBC was characterized by t(max) 68-83 min, t1/2kappa 49-52 min. In RBC no exogenous PCr was found but Cr was detected following i.v. administration of PCr, with the t(max) 120 min and t1/2k (m) 70 min for Cr. The above results indicate that PCr eliminates and bio-transforms in body very rapidly; K > K(m) confers ERL, instead of FRL, type upon the metabolic disposition of Cr. Following po administration of PCr, the degraded product Cr is absorbed but not the parent drug PCr. The formed Cr can be accounted for by most of i.v. and po PCr. Intravenous dosing leads apparently increased and sustained Cr and related-ATP concentration in RBC.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Biotransformation ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Creatine ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Erythrocytes ; metabolism ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Phosphocreatine ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo discussion the effects of Huoxue components of effective drug in treating unstable angina in patients with blood stasis WBC (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).

METHODone hundred and twenty cases of unstable angina were randomly divided into the conventional therapy group, component compatibility group, Pieces group and Xuesaitong group 4 groups, each with 30 cases. Observation of patients before and after treatment of clinical efficacy, blood lipid indicators and the indicators changes.

RESULTComponent compatibility group after treatment clinical marked improvement in conditions, and the WBC, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, TC, TG levels lower than before treatment, there were significant differences (P < 0.05), and lower than the other three groups After treatment (P < 0.05). And HDL-C after treatment than before treatment increased, there were significant differences (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONHuoxue-effective component compatibility can be effective treatment of unstable angina blood stasis, and could inhibit the inflammatory level.

Aged ; Angina, Unstable ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; C-Reactive Protein ; immunology ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; immunology ; Leukocytes ; drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of resvaratrol derivatives on spontaneous HR and CF of isolated guinea pig atrium.

METHODThe dose-effect curve of resvaratrol was observed. The possible mechanism of potassium channels responsible for changes of CF and HR after administering with resvaratrol was measured.

RESULTResvaratrol reduced the spontaneous HR and weakened the CF in a dose-dependent manner ranging from 10(-6) to 3 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) (P < 0.05). As compared with Res group, the effects were partly blocked by Gli (P < 0.05) and TEA (P < 0.01), but not blocked by 4-AP, BaCl2, Atropine.

CONCLUSIONResvaratrol can induce negative chronotropic action and negative (inotropic action. The mechanism(s) may relate to the opening of K(ATP) and Kc(Ca).

Animals ; Barium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Chlorides ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Glyburide ; pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; KATP Channels ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Potassium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Stilbenes ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tetraethylammonium ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutical effects of Shuangshen Ningxin capsule on miniature swine after myocardial ischemia by intervention.

METHODMyocardial ischemic model miniature swine induced by self-thrombus via cardiac catheter in left anteriar descending coronary artery (LAD), were administrated Shuangshen Ningxin capsule for 6 days. The changes of coronary arteriography, hemodynamics, biochemistry and pathohistology were observed.

RESULT6 days after modeling, LAD in myocardial ischemic miniature swine was basically embolized, cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), left cardiac work (LCW) and left cardiac work index (LCWI) obviously lowed, and pathohistological analysis revealed myocardial degeneration, necrosis, fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. After being administered with shuangshen Ningxin capsule 6 days, the degree of self-thrombus blocked LAD reduced, hemodynamic indexes of CO, CI, LCW, LCWI and blood plasm superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were lowed. on the same time, pathohistological degeneration and necrosis reduced.

CONCLUSIONShuangshen Ningxin capsule has anti-myocardial ischemia effect by improving cardiac muscle systolic function, increasing left cardiac work, inhibiting cardiac muscle cellular membrane lipid peroxidation.

Animals ; Capsules ; Cardiac Output ; drug effects ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Myocardial Contraction ; drug effects ; Myocardial Ischemia ; blood ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Vascular Resistance ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effects and the possible mechanism of shengmai for injection(SM) against the experimental acute cardiogenic shock.

METHODThe experimental acute cardiogenic shock model was established by ligating the anterior descending cornonary in dogs. The effects of SM on cardiogenic shock were investigated by measuring the hemodynamics parameter, the activity of LDH, CK, SOD and the contents of MDA in blood serum.

RESULTIn the dogs treated with SM, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure (LVP), the maximum of its first derivative (+/- dp/dtmax), the cardiac output (CO) and the cardiac index (CI) were increased significantly. The left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR) were decreased significantly, the myocardial infarct size was redused observely. In addition, the activity of LDH, CK and the contents of MDA in serum were decreased significantly, however the activity of SOD was increased observely.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that SM has the protective effects on cardiogenic shock.

Animals ; Cardiac Output ; drug effects ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Dogs ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; physiology ; Injections, Intravenous ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Myocardial Infarction ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Ophiopogon ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; blood ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Vascular Resistance ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo establish a determination method of aristolochic acid A in Guanxisuhe preparations by RP-HPLC.

METHODThe instrument used was Hewlett-Packard 1100 HPLC with a Alltech C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase was methanol-water-acetic acid (68: 32:1) and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The UV detection wavelength was 390 nm and the column temperature was at 35 degrees C. The extracted solvent for the preparations was methanol solution contained 10% formic acid.

RESULTThe calibration curve was linear (r = 0.999 9) within the range of 0.119-1.89 microg for aristolochic acid A. The average recovery 99.0%, RSD 0.63%.

CONCLUSIONThe method with good linear relationship was convenient, quick, accurate, and suitable for the quality control of the aristolochic acid A in Guanxinsuhe and other traditional Chinese medicines containing aristolochic acid A.

Aristolochia ; chemistry ; Aristolochic Acids ; analysis ; Capsules ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Liquidambar ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of dopamine and norepinephrine on the renal function in the patients with septic shock.

METHODSEighty-seven patients with septic shock were divided into three groups (group A, B, C) according to the biggest infusing rate of norepinephrine, with the infusing rate of 0.5 - 0.9, 1.0 - 1.5, 1.6 - 2.0 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), urine output, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), urine albumin (U-ALB) and urine beta(2)-microglobulin (Ubeta(2)-MG) as well as APACHE III score in all the patients were detected.

RESULTSBefore anti-shock therapy was given, hypotension, tachycardia and oliguria occurred in all the 87 patients, and CRE, BUN, U-ALB, Ubeta(2)-MG and APACHE III score were abnormal in most cases. With the anti-shock therapy, MAP, HR, urine output and BUN, CRE in all patients returned to normal levels gradually, and U-ALB, Ubeta(2)-MG levels and APACHE III score also restored but still remained abnormal.

CONCLUSIONSThe first aim of treating septic shock should be restoring the organ blood supply, and based on volume resuscitation, dopamine, noradrenaline and other vasoactive drugs could be combined to maintain circulatory stability.

APACHE ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Transfusion ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dopamine ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norepinephrine ; administration & dosage ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Septic ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Vasoconstrictor Agents ; administration & dosage