Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Although there are many options for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, such as surgical resection, interventional therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and liver transplantation, the poor therapeutic effect seriously reduces the quality of life for patients and also increases the social and economic burden. Metformin is originally used as the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, but it has been found to play a certain effect in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumor. The potential roles of metformin against hepatocellular carcinoma, such as regulation of the microenvironment, proliferation signal pathway, metabolism, invasion and metastasis, apoptosis, autophagy, and epigenetics of hepatoma cells. It provides a new choice for the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Metformin/therapeutic use* ; Quality of Life ; Tumor Microenvironment

The saliva secreted from submandibular gland (SMG) accounts for 60%-65%. It plays an important role in maintaining the human function of swallow, digestion, testing, speech, protection of oral mucosa, and prevention from dental carries. The SMG is frequently resected during the treatment for various kinds of oral and maxillofacial diseases, resulting in xerostomia and decreased quality of life. During the past 15 years, Research Center of Salivary Gland Diseases in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology conducted a series of studies on new techniques for preservation of SMG and achieved remarkable results. The clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics of IgG4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) were clarified based on systematic studies. The results of studies on the pathogenesis of IgG4-RS showed that unbalance of inflammatory factors mediated the abnormality of secretion of SMG. IL-4 participates in occurring and development of glandular fibrosis of SMG. Regulation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and cleaning of senescent cells might be taken as the targets for treatment of IgG4-RS. The combination of glucocorticoid and steroid-sparing agents showed effective results for treating IgG4-RS, clinical remission was achieved in all the patients, serum IgG4 levels decreased, and salivary gland secretion significantly increased. Sialoendoscopy-assisted sialolithectomy was applied in the treatment of about 1 000 cases with submandibular hilar calculi with a success rate of more than 90%. Transfer of SMG was used for prevention from radiation-induced xerostomia in the patients with head and neck carcinoma. SMG was transferred to the submental region before radiotherapy and was kept away from the ra-diation field. The results of prospective clinical controlled study showed this technique could effectively preserve the function of SMG and prevent from xerostomia. Based on the micro-anatomical study on the blood vessels and ducts of SMG, partial sialoadenectomy was applied for treatment of benign tumors in the SMG. A clinical controlled study confirmed its safety for control of the tumors and its advantage of preservation of SMG function. The studies on the involvement of SMG in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) provided the anatomical and histopathological basis for preservation of SMG during neck dissection for early cases with OSCC. A innovated surgical modality "four preservations including SMG" was used during the neck dissection for the early cases with OSCC. A prospective randomized clinical controlled study confirmed its safety, feasibility, effectiveness for control of the carcinoma, and advantages of preservation of SMG function.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology* ; Glucocorticoids ; Immunoglobulin G ; Interleukin-4 ; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology* ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Sialadenitis/surgery* ; Submandibular Gland/surgery* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Xerostomia/prevention & control* ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

In order to standardize the effective prevention, early screening and diagnosis of the population at risk of primary liver cancer, the Chinese Society of Hepatology and Chinese Medical Association organized the relevant domestic experts to formulate the "Consensus on Secondary Prevention of Primary Liver Cancer (2021 version)," based on the basic, clinical and preventive research progress, combined with the actual situation at home and abroad, so as to provide an important basis for the prevention, screening and early diagnosis of primary liver cancer in the population of chronic liver disease.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control* ; Consensus ; Gastroenterology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Mass Screening ; Secondary Prevention

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of medical ozone oil and urea ointment for prevention and treatment of hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) caused by sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 99 patients diagnosed with advanced HCC according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) who were scheduled to receive sorafenib treatment for the first time were enrolled in this study between April, 2018 and January, 2020. The patients were randomized into medical ozone oil group ( RESULTS: Eight patients were excluded for poor compliance or protocol violations, leaving a total of 91 patients for analysis, including 44 in medical ozone oil group and 47 in urea ointment group. Sixteen (36.4%) of patients in ozone oil group developed HFSR, a rate significantly lower than that in urea ointment group (57.4%; CONCLUSIONS Medical ozone oil can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of HFSR to improve the quality of life of HCC patients receiving sorafenib treatment.
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy* ; Hand-Foot Syndrome/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Niacinamide/therapeutic use* ; Ozone/therapeutic use* ; Phenylurea Compounds/adverse effects* ; Quality of Life ; Sorafenib/therapeutic use*

BACKGROUND: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in various malignant tumors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). This study aimed to explore the role of LINC00520 in the development of cSCC via EGFR and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways. METHODS: A microarray analysis was applied to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs in cSCC samples. The A431 cSCC cell line was transfected and assigned different groups. The expression patterns of LINC00520, EGFR, and intermediates in the PI3K/Akt pathway were characterized using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting analysis. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected using the MTT assay, scratch test, and Transwell assay, respectively. Cell-based experiments and a tumorigenicity assay were conducted to assess the effect of LINC00520 on cSCC progression. This study was ended in September 2017. Comparisons between two groups were analyzed with t-test and comparisons among multiple groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyze skewed data. The enumerated data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Data from chip GSE66359 revealed depletion of LINC00520 in cSCC. Cells transfected with LINC00520 vector and LINC00520 vector + si-EGFR showed elevated LINC00520 level but decreased levels of the EGFR, PI3K, AKT, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs and proteins, and inhibition of the growth, migration and adhesion of cSCC cells, while the si-LINC00520 group showed opposite trends (all P < 0.05). Compared with the LINC00520 vector group, the LINC00520 vector + si-EGFR group showed decreased levels of the EGFR, PI3K, AKT, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs and proteins, and inhibition of the growth, migration and adhesion of cSCC cells, while the LINC00520 vector + EGFR vector group showed opposite results (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on our results, LINC00520-targeted EGFR inhibition might result in the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, thus inhibiting cSCC development.
Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Disease Progression ; ErbB Receptors ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mice ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; physiology ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology ; prevention & control

Viral hepatitis is one of major global health challenges with increasing disease burden worldwide. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections are major causes of chronic liver diseases. They can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death in significant portion of affected people. Transmission of hepatitis B virus can be blocked by vaccination. Progression of hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases can be prevented by long-term viral suppression with effective drugs. Although vaccine for hepatitis C virus is currently unavailable, hepatitis C virus infection can be eradicated by oral direct antiviral agents. To eliminate viral hepatitis, World Health Organization (WHO) has urged countries to develop national goals and targets through reducing 90% of new infections and providing universal access to key treatment services up to 80%. This can lead to 65% reduction of viral hepatitis-related mortality. Here, we discuss some key features of viral hepatitis, strategies to control viral hepatitis suggested by WHO, and current status and strategies for viral hepatitis control in South Korea. To achieve the goal of viral hepatitis elimination by 2030 in South Korea, an independent 'viral hepatitis sector' in Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) needs to be established to organize and execute comprehensive strategy for the management of viral hepatitis in South Korea.
Antiviral Agents ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Fibrosis ; Global Health ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis C ; Hepatitis* ; Korea* ; Liver Diseases ; Mortality ; Vaccination ; World Health Organization

OBJECTIVES: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the provincial distribution of the incidence of CRC across Iran.METHODS: This epidemiologic study used data from the National Cancer Registry of Iran and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. The average annual age-standardized rate (ASR) for the incidence of CRC was calculated for each province.RESULTS: We found that adenocarcinoma (not otherwise specified) was the most common histological subtype of CRC in males and females, accounting for 81.91 and 81.95% of CRC cases, respectively. Signet ring cell carcinoma was the least prevalent subtype of CRC in males and females and accounted for 1.5 and 0.94% of CRC cases, respectively. In patients aged 45 years or older, there was a steady upward trend in the incidence of CRC, and the highest ASR of CRC incidence among both males and females was in the age group of 80-84 years, with an ASR of 144.69 per 100,000 person-years for males and 119.18 per 100,000 person-years for females. The highest incidence rates of CRC in Iran were found in the central, northern, and western provinces. Provinces in the southeast of Iran had the lowest incidence rates of CRC.CONCLUSIONS: Wide geographical variation was found in the incidence of CRC across the 31 provinces of Iran. These variations must be considered for prevention and control programs for CRC, as well as for resource allocation purposes.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Education, Medical ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iran ; Male ; Resource Allocation

OBJECTIVES: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the provincial distribution of the incidence of CRC across Iran. METHODS: This epidemiologic study used data from the National Cancer Registry of Iran and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. The average annual age-standardized rate (ASR) for the incidence of CRC was calculated for each province. RESULTS: We found that adenocarcinoma (not otherwise specified) was the most common histological subtype of CRC in males and females, accounting for 81.91 and 81.95% of CRC cases, respectively. Signet ring cell carcinoma was the least prevalent subtype of CRC in males and females and accounted for 1.5 and 0.94% of CRC cases, respectively. In patients aged 45 years or older, there was a steady upward trend in the incidence of CRC, and the highest ASR of CRC incidence among both males and females was in the age group of 80-84 years, with an ASR of 144.69 per 100,000 person-years for males and 119.18 per 100,000 person-years for females. The highest incidence rates of CRC in Iran were found in the central, northern, and western provinces. Provinces in the southeast of Iran had the lowest incidence rates of CRC. CONCLUSIONS: Wide geographical variation was found in the incidence of CRC across the 31 provinces of Iran. These variations must be considered for prevention and control programs for CRC, as well as for resource allocation purposes.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Education, Medical ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Iran* ; Male ; Resource Allocation

From January 2008 to January 2013, 11 patients with central renal tumors underwent ultrasound-guided open nephron sparing surgery (ONSS) without renal artery occlusion. We removed the lesions, and the cut edges of the tumors were negative. Thus, we deduced that ultrasound-guided ONSS is suitable for the cases with obscure tumor boundary or multiple lesions. It could achieve the purpose of thoroughly removing lesions, as well as to expand the application range of nephron sparing surgery.
Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; surgery ; Male ; Nephrons ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Renal Artery ; pathology ; surgery ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; adverse effects ; methods ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of Qingfei Quyu Decoction (QQD) in preventing radiation pneumonitis in esophageal carcinoma patients by concurrent using it with chemoradiotherapy.

METHODSA total of 120 patients with mid-late stage esophageal carcinoma were randomly assigned to the treatment group (60 cases) and the control group (60 cases). All patients received concurrent radiochemotherapy. Patients in the treatment group additionally took QQD, one dose per day for 8 successive weeks. The incidence of radiation pneunonitis was compared between the two groups. The improvement rates of short-term benefit rate, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), and body weight (BW) improvement rate were calculated between the two groups. The 1-and 2-year overall survival rates were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe incidence of radiation pneunonitis was 8.93% (15/56) in the treatment group and 18.64% (11/59) in the control group (P < 0.05). The short-term benefit rate was 92.86% (52/56) in the treatment group and 69.49% (41/59) in the control group (P < 0.05). Besides, the KPS and BW improvement rate were higher in the treatment group [89.29% (50/56) and 83.05% (49/59) ] than in the control group [80.36% (45/56) and 66.10% (39/59)] (P < 0.05). The 1-and 2-year overall survival rate were 66.07% and 35.71% in the treatment group, higher than those of the control group (61.02% and 30.51%; P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONConcurrent using QQD with chemoradiotherapy for treating esophageal carcinoma patients could lower the incidence of radiation pneumonitis, attenuate the degree of radiation induced lung injury, improve clinical benefit rate, and elevate their QOL.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chemoradiotherapy ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; prevention & control ; Survival Rate