OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between ALDH1A1 expression and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-three paraffin-embedded specimens of PTC treated in the Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University were selected from January 2006 to December 2013. The expression of ALDH1A1 was detected in both tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry and several clinicopathological parameters (size, bilaterality, multifocality, tumor border and extrathyroidal extensions) were assessed by HE staining. The correlation of ALDH1A1 expression with LNM was analyzed.

RESULTSIn 153 cases of PTC, there were 82 cases with LNM, 126 cases with high ALDH1A1 expression in tumor tissues, and 112 cases with high ALDH1A1 expression in adjacent non-tumor tissues. On univariate analysis, patient age < 45 years, tumor size of 10 mm or more, invasive tumor border, and high ALDH1A1 expression in tumor tissues predicted LNM in PTC (P < 0.05), whereas gender, bilaterality, multifocality, extra-thyroidal extensions and high ALDH1A1 expression in adjacent non-tumor border did not (P > 0.05). On multivariate analysis, invasive tumor border, high ALDH1A1 expression in tumor tissues were found to be independent predictive factors for LNM in PTC (P < 0.05). After a follow-up of 42 months (median time), four patients developed locoregional recurrences, but no distance recurrence or disease related death were seen in 82 patients of follow up. The estimated 5-year locoregional recurrence was 4.88%. Of these four logcoregional recurrences, three involved lymph nodes and one involved the remaining thyroid. The ALDH1A1 expression in tumor tissues was high in all of recurrence cases.

CONCLUSIONHigh ALDH1A1 expression in tumor tissues is correlated with lymph node metastasis in PTC and may be used as an independent predictive factor of LNM, and may improve treatment and follow-up strategies for PTC.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

The study aimed to verify the prognostic utility, therapeutic application and clinical benefits of tumor substaging and HER2 status in papillary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Select NMIBC transurethral resection specimens from 141 patients were used to construct tissue microarrays for assessing the substaging, HER2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (HER2-IHC) and gene amplification by dual-color silver in situ hybridization (HER2-SISH). Substages were identified by the differing depth of tumor invasion (pTa / pT1a / pT1b / pT1c). HER2 protein expression was semiquantitatively analyzed and grouped into negative (score 0, 1+) and positive (score 2+, 3+). Other clinicopathological variables were also investigated. For NMIBC, HER2-IHC and HER2-SISH showed positive results in 6/141 (4.3%) and 4/141 (2.8%) respectively, which correlated well with tumor substaging. In multivariate analysis, substaging, HER2-IHC, and HER2-SISH were found to be independent predictors of progression-free survival (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.031). HER2-IHC was the sole independent predictor of recurrent free survival in NMIBC (P = 0.017). It is suggested that tumor substaging and HER2 status are independent predictive markers for tumor progression or recurrence, and thus could be included in diagnostic and therapeutic management for NMIBC.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor/*metabolism ; Carcinoma, Papillary/*metabolism/*pathology ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptor, ErbB-2/*metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of EpCAM and E-cadherin in papillary thyroid carcinoma and to analyze its correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters.

METHODSImmunohistochemical study for EpCAM and E-cadherin was carried out in 91 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Twenty-four cases of papillary hyperplasia of thyroid were used as controls.

RESULTSIn all of the 24 cases of papillary hyperplasia, EpCAM was located on the cell membrane, while in the 91 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma studied, EpCAM was located within the cytoplasm, with 36.3% (33/91) showing nuclear localization as well. In all the papillary hyperplasia cases studied, E-cadherin showed membranous expression. E-cadherin expression was reduced in 84.6% (77/91) of papillary thyroid carcinoma, as compared with the surrounding native thyroid parenchyma. Amongst the 33 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma which showed nuclear localization of EpCAM, 30 cases also showed reduced E-cadherin expression. There was a positive correlation between nuclear expression of EpCAM and loss of E-cadherin expression (P = 0.000; Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.857). Nuclear expression of EpCAM correlated with follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and presence of extrathyroidal extension ( P = 0.037 and 0.033, respectively). Loss of E-cadherin expression correlated with age of patients and presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.018 and 0.010, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSE-cadherin expression is reduced in papillary thyroid carcinoma, as compared with native thyroid parenchyma and papillary hyperplasia. Papillary thyroid carcinoma shows loss of EpCAM membranous expression and increased cytoplasmic/nuclear accumulation. Detection of these two markers may provide a valuable reference in defining the biologic behaviors of papillary thyroid carcinoma, including extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; secondary ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of EphA2 and E cadherin proteins in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues, and to explore the relationship between them. METHOD: Using immunohistochemical SP/PV method, we detected the expression of EphA2 and E cadherin in tumors of 43 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 11 thyroid adenoma and 10 normal thyroid tissues, then studied their relationships with clinic pathological factors. RESULT: The total positive rates of EphA2 and E cadherin expression were 58. 14% and 32. 56% in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues, 18. 18% and 81. 81% in thyroid adenoma.tissues and they were 10. 00% and 100. 00% in normal thyroid tissues respectively. The positive expression of EphA2 in carcinoma tissues was higher than in the thyroid adenoma tissues and normal thyroid tissues (P<0. 05) and the positive expression of E cadherin in carcinoma tissues was lower than that in the thyroid adenoma tissues and normal thyroid tissues (P<0. 05). The positive expression of EphA2 and E cadherin was associated with lymph node metastasis and histological grade (P<0. 05), but it was not associated with all the clinic-pathological factors including age, sex and the tumor size (P>0. 05). In papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues, the expression of EphA2 was negatively correlated with the expression of E cadherin protein (r= -0. 416, P<0. 01). CONCLUSION EphA2 and E cadherin may be involved in carcinogenesis and development of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Antigens, CD ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Receptor, EphA2 ; metabolism ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroid Gland ; metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Survival Rate ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic characteristics of parathyroid carcinoma (PTC).

METHODSEleven cases of PTC encountered during the period from 1994 to 2012 were enrolled into the study. Forty cases of parathyroid adenoma (PA) were also retrieved for comparison. The clinical manifestations, laboratory results and pathologic features were analyzed, with literature review.

RESULTSThe main clinical manifestations of PTC included neck mass (11/11), hypercalcemia (11/11) and hyperparathyroidism (11/11). Most patients also had osteoporosis (10/11). In contrast, PA often manifested as hypercalcemia (40/40) and hyperparathyroidism (40/40). Histologic examination of PTC showed that the tumor cells contained clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm and separated by dense bands of fibrosis. The tumor mass was surrounded by thick fibrous capsule. Foci of capsular invasion and vascular permeation were identified at the tumor periphery in all cases. Cellular atypia was not conspicuous but mitotic figures and coagulative necrosis were easily identified. On the other hand, PA were composed of tumor cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm, forming glands, trabeculae or nests. Most of them (35/40) had intact fibrous capsule. Mitotic figures were rarely encountered and tumor necrosis was absent. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells in PTC were positive for CK19 (11/11), chromogranin A (9/11), synaptophysin (7/11) and parathyroid hormone (11/11). They were negative for thyroglobulin, TTF-1 and calcitonin. The Ki-67 index was less than 10% (range = 2% to 9%). In contrast, the tumor cells in PA were positive (40/40) for CK19, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and parathyroid hormone. They were negative for thyroglobulin, TTF-1 and calcitonin. The Ki-67 index was less than 3%. Follow up-data were available in 9 cases of PTC (duration of follow up = 11 months to 224 months) and 7 of the patients were still alive. Follow up of all PA cases showed no evidence of recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSPTC is a rare malignant endocrine tumor presenting as neck mass. Histologic features suggestive of malignant behavior include presence of coagulative tumor necrosis and capsular/vascular invasion. It needs to be distinguished from other entities such as parathyroid adenoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism ; etiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-19 ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; etiology ; Parathyroid Hormone ; metabolism ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Carcinoma in Situ ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the expression, clinicopathologic correlation and prognostic significance of caveolin-1 in lung adenocarcinomas(LAC).

METHODSImmunohistochemical study (EnVision method) for caveolin-1 and TTF-1 was carried out in 185 cases of LAC encountered during the period from 2005 to 2010. The correlation between caveolin-1 expression and various clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThe rate of caveolin-1 expression in the 185 cases of LAC was 26.5% (49/185) and significantly lower than that in normal lung tissue (P<0.01). There was also higher rate of caveolin-1 expression in male patients (P=0.004), smokers (P=0.006), tumors larger than 3.5 cm (P=0.048), predominantly solid tumor subtype (P=0.025), high tumor grade (P=0.044), tumors with vascular invasion (P=0.019), lymph node metastasis (P=0.030), recurrence (P=0.021) and high clinical stage (P=0.027). The expression level of caveolin-1 in TTF1-negative cases was significantly higher than that in TTF1-positive cases and caveolin-1 expression also negatively correlated with TTF-1 expression in LAC (r=-0.154, P=0.037). The five-year overall survival rate of patients with caveolin-1 positive tumors was lower than that in caveolin-1 negative group (P<0.01).Univariate analysis indicated the expression level of caveolin-1 and TTF-1 (P<0.01), histologic subtype (P=0.002), tumor grade (P=0.002), tumor size (P=0.009), vascular invasion (P=0.019), lymph node metastasis (P=0.018), recurrence (P=0.032) and clinical stage (P=0.024) correlated with the survival of patients with LAC. COX multivariate analysis revealed that LAC with caveolin-1 positive expression, TTF-1 negative expression and high tumor grade carried a significantly unfavorable prognosis.

CONCLUSIONCaveolin-1 expression correlates with histologic subtype, tumor grade, invasiveness and metastatic potential of LAC. The detection of caveolin-1 in LAC is helpful in predicting prognosis.LAC with caveolin-1 expression carries a poor prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Caveolin 1 ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Transcription Factors ; Tumor Burden

Adult ; CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Paraganglioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; methods ; Transcription Factors ; Triglycerides ; metabolism