Piper nigrum L. is an evergreen climbing vine, which belongs to the genus Piperia in the Piperaceae family. Piper nigrum L., which known as the “king of spices”, is used as both food and medicine. The main active substances in Piper nigrum L. are alkaloids mainly composed of amides, and essential oil, as well as phenolic compounds. In this paper, the chemical compositions, especially amide alkaloids, and their biological activities of Piper nigrum L. were summarized. These studies showed that Piper nigrum L., as a medicinal and food plant, had a wide range of biological activities and was deserved further research and in-depth utilization.

Glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） is a key selenoenzyme that protects the body from oxidative damage. A series of small molecular organic selenium compounds have been designed and synthesized as functional mimics of GPx, among which isoselenazolones are the most widely studied. Taking ebselen as a representative, the catalytic mechanism of isoselenazolones in mimicing GSH-Px activity in vivo, the therapeutic effects of isoselenazolones in stroke, sensorineurium deafness and tinnitus, treatmentresistant depression （TRD） and coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19）, and research on their chemical synthesis methods were summarized and discussed in this paper.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is one of important factors against from the damage under oxidative stress in human body. A high proportion of East Asians carry ALDH2 inactive mutation gene. There are many diseases closely related to ALDH2, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases. Recent studies also have found that ALDH2 is associated with ferroptosis. Therefore, ALDH2 has becoming a potential target for the treatment of the above related diseases. Several types of small molecule activators with potential value of clinical application have been reported. The research progress on the structure and function of ALDH2 , the relationship with human diseases and its activators were summarized in this paper.

OBJECTIVE To explore the establishment of standardized training system for medication direction provided by pediatric pharmacists. METHODS Based on the questionnaire， the current needs of pediatric pharmacists and parents of children for medication direction were investigated， and the standardized training content of pediatric medication direction was constructed as a whole with reference to the survey results， instructions， databases and other literature. The basic knowledge of medication direction was integrated and summarized from the basic information of drugs such as drug name， usage and dosage， as well as the course of treatment， order of medication and special precautions， so as to form the general introduction of training content. In accordance with the principle of “integrated drug classification based on diseases”， a standardized framework of medication direction for various common diseases in children was constructed to form various theories of training content. Concomitantly， the pilot training of pharmacists in Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital of Qingdao University was carried out， and the training effect was preliminarily evaluated. RESULTS After standardized training， the daily examination scores of pharmacists in this hospital were significantly higher than those before training， and the situation of ‘0’ times of receiving patients’ thank-you letters in the window service was broken through； the effective satisfaction rate of window service showed an increasing trend； after the pharmacist explained the medication to the patient， the times of patient returning to consult the doctor on how to use the medicine showed downward trend. CONCLUSIONS The establishment and implementation of a systematic standardized training system for pediatric-specialist pharmacists can help to further improve the professional skills and professionalism of pharmacists， strengthen the standardization of window medication direction and enhance patients’ sense of gain.

Biomedical Research ; ethics ; Humans ; Microbiota ; Research Design ; standards

Objective This study was aimed to analysis the relationship of BK polyomavirus ( BKV) and hemorrhagic cystitis ( HC ) in patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods Data of 80 patients who received HSCT and took regular urine test every week from June 2015 to April 2018 in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University was retrospectively analyzed, they were 35 females and 45 males (aged 20-40 years, median age 30 years), and 31 cases with acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) , 24 cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL) , 15 cases with aplastic anemia ( AA ) , 4 cases with chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ) , 6 cases with other diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome ( MDS) in the study population.The positive rate and incidence of HC were analyzed.Patients who infected with the BK virus were divided into HC group and non -HC group according to occurrence of HC.BK viral load were compared in two groups .Urine BK viral load were analyzed after logarithmic transformation.Data that conforms to a normal distribution is expressed as mean ± standard deviation.t test, ANOVA and ROC curve were used to statistical analysis .Skewed data is expressed in median ( interquartile range ) , non-normal distribution parameters were compared by Wilcoxon test .Results Among 80 patients, 43 recipients (53.75％) became urinary BK positive, with 19 patients developed HC (23.75％), all of the 19 HC patients have urinary BK positive , and none of 37 BK-negative patients developed HC;the urine BKV level of the initial time and the peak time in HC group were (7.59 ±2.46) lg copy/ml, (10.56 ±1.71) lg copy/ml, the urine BKV level of the initial time and the peak time in non-HC group were (5.75 ±2.10) lg copy/ml,(7.31 ±2.29) lg copy /ml.The urine BKV level of the initial time and the peak time in HC group was higher than in non-HC group ( t=2.642, P=0.012 and t=5.147, P=0.000 respectively), when analyzing the urine BKV level of the initial time in HC group and non-HC group, the best threshold is 5.23 lg copy/ml(1.68 ×105 copy/ml),with a sensitivity of 84.20％and specificity of 54.17％, when analyzing the urine BKV level of the peak time in HC group and non-HC group, the best threshold is 9.75 lg copy/ml(5.62 ×109 copy/ml),with a sensitivity of 84.20％and specificity of 83.33％, area under curve of each other were 0.728 (95％ CI 0.575-0.881) and 0.875 (95％ CI 0.769-0.981) respectively.Conclusions The BK viral load is closely related with HC in HSCT patients .The cut-off level of 1.68 ×105 copy/ml when analyzing the urine BKV level of the initial time , and the cut-off level of 5.62 × 109 when analyzing the urine BKV level of the peak time , help to forecast or auxiliary diagnose HC .

Objective:To investigate the relationship between Creactive protein(CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods:A total of 96 cases of gastric cancer were included in the study. The clinical pathological stage and lymph node detection in patients with gastric cancer were analyzed, with the preoperative CAR as the dependent variable. Results:1) The pa-tients with preoperative CAR>0.04 has higher transfer rate and metastasis than the patients with preoperative CAR≤0.04, and the dif-ference was significant (P<0.05). The lymph node stage of patients with preoperative CAR>0.04 was significantly higher than that of the patients with preoperative CAR≤0.04, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). 2) The mean CAR of patients with Borrmann typesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, andⅣgradually increased;with the progression of the pathological stage of gastric cancer, the mean value of CAR in-creased. 3) During the operation, the total number of lymph node dissections was high and the mean value of CAR before the opera-tion was high. Conclusion:The correlation between preoperative CAR and lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer may reflect the degree of lymph node metastasis to a certain extent.

AIM:To evaluate the effect of microRNA-155(miRNA-155) on the regulation of angiogenesis in diabetic rats with cerebral ischemic injury .METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:sham group, cerebral ischemia group , diabetic cerebral ischemia group , diabetic cerebral ischemia +miRNA-155 inhibitors group and diabetic cerebral ischemia +scramble group .Diabetes model was made by injection of streptozocin and permanent cerebral ischemic model was developed by suture-occluded method .The scores of neurological deficit and infarct volume were estimated at 24 h after cerebral ischemia .miRNA-155 level was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.The expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 ( PECAM-1/CD31 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) was detected by Western blotting .RESULTS:miRNA-155 inhibitor significantly reduced miRNA-155 levels in the ischemic cortex (P<0.05), improved the scores of neurological deficit , reduced infarction size and up-regulated the levels of CD31 and VEGF (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:miRNA-155 has a critical role in the regulation of angiogenesis in diabetic rats with cerebral ischemia .Down-regulation of miRNA-155 using miRNA-155 inhibitor attenuates brain infarct injury in diabetic rats .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the better method of digestive tract reconstruction in proximal gastrectomy for early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

METHODSA total of 153 cases of early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who were planned to receive radical proximal gastrectomy from January 2003 to December 2011 were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into two groups by table of random number according to methods of digestive tract reconstruction, including 3S anastomosis group (80 cases, 3S jejunal interposition) and traditional anastomosis group (73 cases, esophageal remnant gastric posterior wall anastomosis). Postoperative complications, operative time, mortality, nutritional parameters and postoperative quality of life were compared between these two groups.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences between two groups in postoperative complications, operative time and mortality (all P>0.05). 3S anastomosis group was better in nutritional parameters than traditional group six months after operation (P<0.05). As compared to traditional group, incidence of reflux esophagitis decreased [20.0%(16/80) vs. 46.6%(34/73), P<0.01] and gastric emptying time prolonged obviously [(160.8±8.1) min vs. (61.1±10.8) min, P<0.01] in 3S anastomosis group 18 months after operation. Postoperative QLQ-C30 rating scale revealed quality of life was significantly higher in 3S anastomosis group as compared to traditional group.

CONCLUSIONJejunal interposition is a better method of digestive tract reconstruction in proximal gastrectomy for early gastroesophageal junction carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; surgery ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Esophagogastric Junction ; pathology ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Jejunum ; pathology ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Quality of Life ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology