A new method for simultaneous determination of 23 kinds of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)(13 kinds of perfluoro carboxylic acids,4 kinds of perfluoro sulfonic acids,and 6 kinds of new substitutes)in plant leaf tissue by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)using automatic online solid phase extraction(SPE)to remove the matrix interference components in plant crude extracts was developed.The plant leaf samples were extracted twice with 1%formic acid-methanol solution,then evaporated to dry,redissolved with 70%methanol solution,and directly injected for analysis.After 23 kinds of target PFASs were purified automatically by online SPE with a WAX column,the six-way valve was switched to rinse PFASs onto an alkaline mobile phase system-compatible C18 analytical column.Then,the 23 kinds of target PFASs were separated within 16 min by gradient elution using a binary mobile phase system of methanol/water(Containing 0.4%ammonium hydroxide).Tandem mass spectrometry was performed in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode for online detection of various PFASs,and quantification was carried out by internal standard method.The results of the method validation showed that satisfactory average recoveries of 23 kinds of PFASs in plant leaf samples(64.2%-125.5%),precision(relative standard deviations(RSDs)of 0.7%-12.8%),linearity(R2＞0.990),and sensitivity(the detection limits(S/N=3)were in the range of 0.02-0.50 μg/kg)were achieved.Finally,this method was used to detect PFASs in the marine green tide algae(Enteromorpha prolifera)and several tree leaves,and a total of 6 kinds of PFASs were detected,in which PFBA was the main contaminant.Compared with the reported offline SPE methods,the proposed online SPE technique significantly simplified the sample pretreatment process and provided an automatic,simple,and environment-friendly method for the routine monitoring of legacy and emerging PFASs in plant tissues.

In order to solve the problem of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to multiple antibiotics, it is an effective way to find inhibitors of P. aeruginosa efflux pump. In this study, 15 new ornithine peptidomimetic derivatives were designed and synthesized by changing the side chain structure of natural amino acids with PAβN, a dipeptide efflux pump inhibitor, and their synergic activity with aztreonam, a monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic, against P. aeruginosa was evaluated. Among them, the representative compound 12b not only enhanced the antibacterial activity of β-lactam antibiotics aztreonam, ceftazidime and meropenem, but also significantly enhanced the antibacterial action of macrolide antibiotics clarithromycin, showing a broad-spectrum synergic sensitization effect. In addition, compound 12b also has a good safety. Preliminary mechanisms suggest that 12b works by directly targeting the efflux transporter MexB. These results provide a new lead compound for the development of a new class of efflux pump inhibitors against P. aeruginosa.

Objective:Proximal femur tumor resection often leads to hip joint instability and functional loss.Various methods have been clinically applied to repair hip joint soft tissue function,but deficiencies remain.This study aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the ligament advanced reinforcement system(LARS)tumor tube in assisting soft tissue function reconstruction in patients undergoing tumor type artificial hip replacement surgery. Methods:This study included 85 patients(41 males,44 females)with proximal femoral tumors treated at the Xiangya Bone Tumor Treatment Center from January 2012 to January 2022,aged 10 to 79(38.5±18.2)years.Among them,13 cases had benign aggressive tumors,45 had primary malignant bone tumors,and 27 had bone metastases.Clinical data,imaging data,and intraoperative photos were collected.Patients were followed up and postoperative functional evaluations were conducted using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society(MSTS)scoring system and Harris hip joint scoring system to assess limb function and hip joint function. Results:Preoperative pathological fractures were present in 37 cases(43.5％),with a lesion length of(9.4±2.9)cm.Among non-metastatic tumor patients,7 experienced postoperative recurrence,including 6 cases of osteosarcoma and 1 case of fibrosarcoma.Pulmonary metastases occurred in 9 osteosarcoma patients.Five patients required reoperation due to postoperative complications,including 3 cases of deep vein thrombosis,1 case of giant cell granuloma,and 1 case of prosthesis infection.Postoperatively,5 patients exhibited Trendelenburg gait,and 6 had leg length discrepancies.The postoperative MSTS score was 26.7±1.4,and the Harris score was 89.6±5.3. Conclusion:The LARS tumor tube can effectively assist in reconstructing the soft tissue function of the hip joint and greatly reduce postoperative complications,making it an effective technical improvement in joint function reconstruction in tumor type artificial hip replacement surgery.

Humans ; Phosphorylation ; Serine ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism* ; Spasms, Infantile

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of hypertension among adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and to provide clues for exploring the role of genetic and environmental factors on hypertension. Methods: A total of 69 220 (34 610 pairs) of twins aged 18 and above with hypertension information were selected from CNTR registered from 2010 to 2018. Random effect models were used to describe the population and regional distribution of hypertension in twins. To estimate the heritability, the concordance rates of hypertension were calculated and compared between monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ). Results: The age of all participants was (34.1±12.4) years. The overall self-reported prevalence of hypertension was 3.8%(2 610/69 220). Twin pairs who were older, living in urban areas, married, overweight or obese, current smokers or ex-smokers, and current drinkers or abstainers had a higher self-reported prevalence of hypertension (P<0.05). Analysis within the same-sex twin pairs found that the concordance rate of hypertension was 43.2% in MZ and 27.0% in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The heritability of hypertension was 22.1% (95%CI: 16.3%- 28.0%). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hypertension in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. The heritability of hypertension was higher in female participants. Conclusions: There were differences in the distribution of hypertension among twins with different demographic and regional characteristics. It is indicated that genetic factors play a crucial role in hypertension in different genders, ages, and regions, while the magnitude of genetic effects may vary.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Alcohol Drinking ; Diseases in Twins/genetics* ; Hypertension/genetics* ; Twins, Dizygotic/genetics* ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics*

ObjectiveTo investigate the mRNA expression levels of various aquaporins （AQPs） in luteinized granulosa cells from follicles of different diameters. MethodsFrom March 25， 2022 to September 23， 2022 in our reproductive medicine center， 48 women undergoing in-vitro fertilization （IVF） were enrolled and divided into the antagonist group and the agonist group according to the ovarian stimulation protocol. Follicular fluid samples were collected on the day of oocyte pick-up and granulosa cells were extracted from follicles of different diameters： small （<13 mm）， medium （13~18 mm） and large （≥18 mm）. After RNA quantification， 22 cases （66 samples） were included for analysis and mRNA expression levels of AQPs were compared among the three follicle groups. ResultsThe mRNA expression of aquaporin 2 （AQP2） in luteinized granulosa cells increased with the increase of follicle diameter （linear trend P = 0.004） and the difference was statistically significant between two groups of large and small follicles （P = 0.017）. Statistical difference was found in the antagonist group （P = 0.049 6）， but not in the agonist group （P = 0.108）. ConclusionThe mRNA level of AQP2 in luteinized granulosa cells increases with the increase of follicle diameter and its expression is related to the ovarian stimulation protocol， suggesting that AQP2 may play a role in follicle growth and follicular fluid formation， and its mRNA expression level may be regulated by follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH）.

Zona Incerta ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Fear ; Neural Pathways

ObjectiveTo explore medication regularity of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） and thereby to lay a theoretical basis for clinical medication and drug development. MethodArticles on clinical treatment of intermediate and advanced NSCLC with TCM in the past 40 years were retrieved from CNKI， which were taken the data source. Then the articles were screened to establish a formula database， followed by frequency statistics， association rule analysis， cluster analysis， factor analysis， and complex network construction. ResultA total of 307 eligible articles were screened out， involving 483 formulas. The common syndrome of intermediate and advanced NSCLC was the deficiency of both Qi and Yin， with the common syndrome elements of Qi deficiency， Yin deficiency， phlegm， blood stasis， pathogenic heat （fire）， toxin， and pathogenic dampness. The frequently used medicinals mainly had the functions of tonifying deficiency， clearing heat， resolving phlegm and relieving cough and dyspnea， promoting urination and draining dampness， and activating blood and resolving stasis. The high-frequency medicinals were Astragali Radix， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome， Ophiopogonis Radix， Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus， and Poria， which were mainly cold， bitter， sweet， and pungent， with tropism at lung， spleen， and stomach. The association rule analysis yielded 17 rules with strong association. Ten common factors were extracted from the factor analysis， and cluster analysis classified the medicinals into 5 groups. Complex network analysis suggested that the core formula was modified Liujunzi Tang and Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu prescription. ConclusionThe treatment principle for intermediate and advanced NSCLC is replenishing Qi and nourishing Yin， invigorating spleen and resolving phlegm， clearing heat and detoxifying， promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. The core combinations new prescription discovered by data mining are of important guiding significance， but they should be further verified in clinical practice and by experiments based on the theory of TCM.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the combination of Naoxintong Capsule with standard care could further reduce the recurrence of ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of severe bleeding. METHODS: A total of 23 Chinese medical centers participated in this trial. Adult patients with a history of ischemic stroke were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio using a block design to receive either Naoxintong Capsule (1.2 g orally, twice a day) or placebo in addition to standard care. The primary endpoint was recurrence of ischemic stroke within 2 years. Secondary outcomes included myocardial infarction, death due to recurrent ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality. The safety of drugs was monitored. Results were analyzed using the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: A total of 2,200 patients were enrolled from March 2015 to March 2016, of whom 143 and 158 in the Naoxintong and placebo groups were lost to follow-up, respectively. Compared with the placebo group, the recurrence rate of ischemic stroke within 2 years was significantly lower in the Naoxintong group [6.5% vs. 9.5%, hazard ratio (HR): 0.665, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.492-0.899, P=0.008]. The two groups showed no significant differences in the secondary outcomes and safety, including rates of severe hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of Naoxintong Capsule with standard care reduced the 2-year stroke recurrence rate in patients with ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of severe hemorrhage in high-risk patients. (Trial registration No. NCT02334969).
Adult ; Humans ; Secondary Prevention/methods* ; Ischemic Stroke ; Stroke/prevention & control* ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/complications* ; Double-Blind Method ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence rate and risk factors for metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) in very low birth weight/extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants. METHODS: The medical data of 61 786 neonates from multiple centers of China between September 1, 2013 and August 31, 2016 were retrospectively investigated, including 504 VLBW/ELBW preterm infants who met the inclusion criteria. Among the 504 infants, 108 infants diagnosed with MBDP were enrolled as the MBDP group and the remaining 396 infants were enrolled as the non-MBDP group. The two groups were compared in terms of general information of mothers and preterm infants, major diseases during hospitalization, nutritional support strategies, and other treatment conditions. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for MBDP. RESULTS: The incidence rate of MBDP was 19.4% (88/452) in VLBW preterm infants and 38.5% (20/52) in ELBW preterm infants. The incidence rate of MBDP was 21.7% in preterm infants with a gestational age of < 32 weeks and 45.5% in those with a gestational age of < 28 weeks. The univariate analysis showed that compared with the non-MBDP group, the MBDP group had significantly lower gestational age and birth weight, a significantly longer length of hospital stay, and a significantly higher incidence rate of extrauterine growth retardation ( CONCLUSIONS A lower gestational age, hypocalcemia, extrauterine growth retardation at discharge, and neonatal sepsis may be associated an increased risk of MBDP in VLBW/ELBW preterm infants. It is necessary to strengthen perinatal healthcare, avoid premature delivery, improve the awareness of the prevention and treatment of MBDP among neonatal pediatricians, and adopt positive and reasonable nutrition strategies and comprehensive management measures for preterm infants.
Birth Weight ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors