In maintaining normal function and activation processes, glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism play key roles in the energy demand of platelets. In the resting state, platelets primarily rely on glycolysis and aerobic oxidation to generate energy. Upon activation, platelets preferentially utilize glycolysis, as it can more rapidly provide the required ATP. In addition to glycolysis, platelets can also utilize glycogen and fatty acids as additional energy sources. The ATP provided by fatty acid oxidation is crucial for platelet activation. Additionally, during platelet storage, distinctive changes in energy metabolism occur. In the early stages of storage, platelets primarily rely on glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to generate energy. In the mid-storage phase, there is an increase in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolism. In the later stages of storage, cellular metabolism gradually declines. The regulation and flexibility of these metabolic pathways play a critical role in the survival and function of platelets in different states.

Objective: To accurately determine the ABO blood group of samples exhibiting forward/reverse grouping discrepancies by combining first-generation (Sanger) and third-generation (long-read) sequencing technologies. Methods: Five samples with ABO forward/reverse grouping discrepancies were selected. Serological testing was conducted using automated blood typing instruments and the tube method. Genotyping was conducted using both Sanger and long-read sequencing technologies. Results: Sanger sequencing identified specific genetic mutations in two samples, with genotypes of ABO BA. 04/ABO O.01.01 and ABO B3.05/ABO O.01.02. Further analysis with long-read sequencing revealed specific mutations in the +5.8kb region of intron 1 (c.28+5885C>T and c.28+5861T>G) in three samples where mutations were not detected by Sanger sequencing. These mutations affect the expression of the ABO antigens and are likely responsible for the ABO subgroup phenotypes. Conclusion: The integration of Sanger and long-read sequencing technologies effectively identifies genetic variations causing ABO subtypes, providing a scientific basis for enhancing clinical transfusion safety and ensuring accurate blood group determination.

Objective: To accurately determine the ABO blood group of samples exhibiting forward/reverse grouping discrepancies by combining first-generation (Sanger) and third-generation (long-read) sequencing technologies. Methods: Five samples with ABO forward/reverse grouping discrepancies were selected. Serological testing was conducted using automated blood typing instruments and the tube method. Genotyping was conducted using both Sanger and long-read sequencing technologies. Results: Sanger sequencing identified specific genetic mutations in two samples, with genotypes of ABO BA. 04/ABO O.01.01 and ABO B3.05/ABO O.01.02. Further analysis with long-read sequencing revealed specific mutations in the +5.8kb region of intron 1 (c.28+5885C>T and c.28+5861T>G) in three samples where mutations were not detected by Sanger sequencing. These mutations affect the expression of the ABO antigens and are likely responsible for the ABO subgroup phenotypes. Conclusion: The integration of Sanger and long-read sequencing technologies effectively identifies genetic variations causing ABO subtypes, providing a scientific basis for enhancing clinical transfusion safety and ensuring accurate blood group determination.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a kind of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with covalent closed-loop structure. They have attracted more and more attention because of their high stability, evolutionary conservatism, and tissue expression specificity. It has shown that circRNAs are involved in the development of a variety of diseases including malignant tumors recently. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor that occurs in the nasopharynx and has a unique ethnic and geographical distribution in South China and Southeast Asia. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely related to the development of NPC. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the mainstays of treatment for NPC. But tumor recurrence or distant metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with NPC. Several studies have shown that circRNAs, as gene expression regulators, play an important role in NPC and affect the progression of NPC. This review mainly summarized the research status of abnormally expressed circRNAs in NPC and EBV-encoded circRNAs. We also discussed the possibility of circRNAs as a therapeutic target, diagnostic and prognostic marker for NPC.

Kaixin Powder is a classic prescription for invigorating Qi, nourishing the mind, and calming the mind. It has pharmacological effects of improving learning and memory ability, resisting oxidation, delaying aging, and promoting the differentiation and regeneration of nerve cells. It is mainly used in the modern clinical treatment of amnesia, depression, dementia, and other diseases. The present paper reviewed the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Kaixin Powder, predicted and analyzed its quality markers(Q-markers) according to the concept of Chinese medicine Q-markers, including transmission and traceability, specificity, effectiveness, measurability, and compound compatibility environment. The results suggested that sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ, 3',6-disinapoylsucrose, tenuifoliside A, ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, pachymic acid, β-asarone, and α-asarone could be used as Q-markers of Kaixin Powder. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for establishing the quality control system and the whole process quality traceability system of Kaixin Powder compound preparations.
Ginsenosides ; Powders ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To analyze the status and trend for the mortality and DALY rates of child growth failure (CGF) in children aged < 5 years in China from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide a scientific basis for CGF prevention and control. Methods The mortality and DALY rates of CGF in children aged < 5 years from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from GBD 2019. The changes of these indicators with the years in China , the United States, Japan, Russia, India and the global were compared and analyzed. Results In 2019, the mortality of child wasting, child stunting and child underweight in children aged < 5 years in China were 9.62/100 000, 1.23/100 000, and 1.29/100 000 respectively, the mortality rates were 867.50/100 000 , 129.23/100 000 , and 112.87/100 000 rescpectively, higher than those of the United States, Japan, and Russia, and far lower than those of India and the global. The disease burden of three types of CGF were all higher in males than females, and higher in children aged < 1 years than children aged 1-4 years. From 1990 to 2019, the mortality and DALY rates of CGF in children aged < 5 years in China decreased from 300.41/100 000 and 26 445.38/100 000 to 10.49/100 000 and 943.57/100 000, respectively. China had the largest drop rate compared with all analyzed countries. As for children aged < 5 years in China, the DALY rate of lower respiratory infection ranked first in all the diseases caused by CGF. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of CGF in children aged < 5 years has shown a significant decrease in China , but it is still far behind the developed countries. In the future, more attention should be paid to the problems of child growth in hope of reducing the mortality and DALY rates of CGF.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang （GZSYZM） combined with fire needling in the treatment of periarthritis of shoulder with wind-cold-dampness impediment syndrome by stimulating pain points and "shoulder three acupoints". MethodA total of 120 patients with periarthritis of shoulder with wind-cold-dampness impediment syndrome， admitted to Hainan General Hospital from August 2020 to August 2022， were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table. The control group （60 cases） received treatment with GZSYZM for two weeks， while the observation group （60 cases） received treatment with GZSYZM combined with fire needling at pain points and "shoulder three acupoints" for two weeks. The clinical efficacy， adverse reactions， shoulder pain intensity， shoulder joint function， and levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）， cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）， interleukin （IL）-2， and IL-17 before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. ResultThe total effective rate in the observation group was 88.33% （53/60）， significantly higher than 68.33% （41/60） of the control group （χ²=7.070， P<0.01）. Compared with the results before treatment， both groups showed significant reductions in pain rating index （PRI）， visual analog scale （VAS） scores， present pain intensity （PPI）， and Simplified McGill Pain Questionnaire （SF-MPQ） total scores， as well as serum levels of CGRP， COX-2， IL-2， and IL-17 after treatment （P<0.01）， and improved pain intensity， daily life abilities， joint mobility， muscle strength， and Constant-Murley score （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed significantly reduced PRI， VAS score， PPI， SF-MPQ total score， as well as serum levels of CGRP， COX-2， IL-2， and IL-17 （P<0.01）， and increased pain intensity， daily life abilities， joint mobility， muscle strength， and Constant-Murley score （P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. ConclusionGZSYZM combined with fire needling at pain points and "shoulder three acupoints" can effectively reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors and pain mediators， alleviate pain， and improve shoulder joint function in patients with periarthritis of shoulder with wind-cold-dampness impediment syndrome.

This study aimed to provide scientific evidence for predicting quality markers(Q-markers) of Elephantopus scaber by establishing UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber from different geographical origins and determining the content of 13 major components, as well as conducting in vitro anti-cancer activity investigation of the main components. The chromatographic column used was Waters CORTECS UPLC C_(18)(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.6 μm), and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid solution(gradient elution). The column temperature was set at 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 0.2 mL·min~(-1). The injection volume was 1 μL, and the detection wavelength was 240 nm. The UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber was fitted using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012 edition) to determine common peaks, evaluate similarity, identify and determine the content of major components. The CCK-8 assay was used to explore the inhibitory effect of the main components on the proliferation of lung cancer cells. The results showed that in the established UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber, 35 common peaks were identified. Thirteen major components, including neochlorogenic acid(peak 1), chlorogenic acid(peak 2), cryptochlorogenic acid(peak 3), caffeic acid(peak 4), schaftoside(peak 6), galuteolin(peak 9), isochlorogenic acid B(peak 10), isochlorogenic acid A(peak 12), isochlorogenic acid C(peak 18), deoxyelephantopin(peak 28), isodeoxyelephantopin(peak 29), isoscabertopin(peak 31), and scabertopin(peak 32) were identified and quantified, and a quantitative analysis method was established. The results of the in vitro anti-cancer activity study showed that deoxyelephantopin, isodeoxyelephantopin, isoscabertopin, and scabertopin in E. scaber exhibited inhibition rates of lung cancer cell proliferation exceeding 80% at a concentration of 10 μmol·L~(-1), higher than the positive drug paclitaxel. These results indicate that the fingerprint of E. scaber is highly characteristic, and the quantitative analysis method is accurate and stable, providing references for the research on quality standards of E. scaber. Four sesquiterpene lactones in E. scaber show significant anti-cancer activity and can serve as Q-markers for E. scaber.
Humans ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Asteraceae/chemistry* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*

Objective: To investigate the association between the urinary arsenic level and serum total testosterone in Chinese men aged 18 to 79 years. Methods: A total of 5 048 male participants aged 18 to 79 years were recruited from the China National Human Biomonitoring (CNHBM) from 2017 to 2018. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to collect information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, food intake frequency and health status. Venous blood and urine samples were collected to detect the level of serum total testosterone, urinary arsenic and urinary creatinine. Participants were divided into three groups (low, middle, and high) based on the tertiles of creatinine-adjusted urinary arsenic concentration. Weighted multiple linear regression was fitted to analyze the association of urinary arsenic with serum total testosterone. Results: The weighted average age of 5 048 Chinese men was (46.72±0.40) years. Geometric mean concentration (95%CI) of urinary arsenic, creatinine-adjusted urinary arsenic and serum testosterone was 22.46 (20.08, 25.12) μg/L, 19.36 (16.92, 22.15) μg/g·Cr and 18.13 (17.42, 18.85) nmol/L, respectively. After controlling for covariates, compared with the low-level urinary arsenic group, the testosterone level of the participants in the middle-level group and the high-level group decreased gradually. The percentile ratio (95%CI) was -5.17% (-13.14%, 3.54%) and -10.33% (-15.68%, -4.63). The subgroup analysis showed that the association between the urinary arsenic level and testosterone level was more obvious in the group with BMI<24 kg/m² group (P_interaction=0.023). Conclusion: There is a negative association between the urinary arsenic level and serum total testosterone in Chinese men aged 18 to 79 years.
Humans ; Male ; Arsenic/urine* ; Creatinine ; East Asian People ; Testosterone/blood* ; Urinalysis ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in adverse drug reactions between newborns using medium/long chain fat emulsions and multiple types of oil fat emulsions, and to explore potential risk factors. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from newborns who used medium/long chain fat emulsions or multiple oil fat emulsions from January 2020 to June 2023. The China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System(CHPS) was used to retrieve adverse reaction information and evaluate it. Four hundred and ninety-nine newborns in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group and 1 940 newborns in the multiple oil fat emulsion group were included. Using logistic regression and stratified analysis to explore the safety differences between groups and the risk factors that affect the occurrence of adverse reactions. RESULTS The total incidence of adverse reactions in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group was 19.24%, with common adverse reactions including fever(5.81%), decreased hemoglobin(3.01%), increased blood pressure(2.40%) and hypoglycemia(2.40%); The total incidence of adverse reactions in the group of multiple oil fat emulsions was 36.44%, with a very common adverse reaction being fever(10.57%); common adverse reactions include decreased hemoglobin(8.97%), decreased blood pressure(3.20%), and increased blood pressure(3.09%); rare adverse reactions include liver dysfunction(0.05%), splenomegaly(0.05%) and cyanosis (0.05%). In univariate analysis, the risk of fever, decreased hemoglobin, and increased blood sugar in the group of multiple oil fat emulsions was higher than that in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group(P<0.05), but this association did not show statistical differences in the overall multivariate analysis. Furthermore, a stratified factor analysis based on gestational age found that the risk of fever and decreased hemoglobin in the group of multiple oil fat emulsions was significantly higher than that in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group in extremely premature infants. The corresponding OR(95%CI) were 6.437(1.327, 31.227) and 5.066(1.089, 23.570), respectively, with no significant differences observed in other gestational age stratification. CONCLUSION The risk of using medium/long chain fat emulsions in newborns is similar to that of using multiple types of oil fat emulsions. However, in extremely premature infants, the risk of fever and decreased hemoglobin in multiple types of oil fat emulsions is higher than that in medium/long chain fat emulsions. It is recommended to regularly monitor indicators such as body temperature, hemoglobin, and blood pressure, and do a good job in drug vigilance.