Eucommia ulmoides， a plant belonging to Eucommiaceae， has a history of medical use for over two thousand years in China. The dried bark and leaves of this plant are usually used as medicinal materials. Due to the high safety in clinical application， E. ulmoides leaves were officially recognized for both medicinal and edible use by the food safety evaluation in 2019， providing a valuable resource for the development of food and health products. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory， E. ulmoides has the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys， strengthening sinews and bones， and calming fetus. Modern research has shown that different parts such as the bark， leaves， flowers， and seeds of E. ulmoides contain similar chemical components， including phenylpropanoids， terpenoids， flavonoids， phenolic acids， steroids， and polysaccharides. E. ulmoides exhibits diverse pharmacological activities such as lowering blood pressure and blood lipid and glucose levels， preventing osteoporosis and possesses anti-tumor， anti-bacterial， antiviral， anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore， it holds great potential for the development of products with both medicinal and edible values. This review systematically summarizes the chemical constituents， pharmacological activities， and representative medicinal and edible products of different parts of E. ulmoides. It is expected to provide theoretical references for the clinical application of E. ulmoides and its active components and the development and utilization of the products with both medicinal and edible values. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the medicinal properties of E. ulmoides and provides guidance for further exploration of its applications in the healthcare field. As a plant with both medicinal and edible values， E. ulmoides is expected to attract more attention in future research and contribute to human health.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mecha-nism of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cerebral isch-emic stroke from a theoretical perspective based on net-work pharmacology.METHODS GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to screen out the related targets of cerebral ischemic stroke and endoplasmic reticulum stress.And Venny2.1.0 was used to draw Venn's diagram to get the intersecting genes between cerebral ischemic stroke and endoplasmic reticulum stress.String data-base was used to get the protein-protein interaction(PPI)diagram and cytoscape was used for visualization analy-sis.The key genes were screened out by cytohubba plug-in,and enrichment analysis was performed.RESULTS Network pharmacology showed that there were 3744 cerebral ischemic stroke-related targets and 8675 endo-plasmic reticulum stress-related targets.After screening,41 common targets were got.There were 37 nodes,390 edges in the PPI network,namely,there were 37 interact-ing proteins and 390 interacting relationships.The key genes identified by cytohubba plug-in were IL-6,ALB,INS,TNF,AKT1,CASP3,MAPK3,TP53,SIRT1 and VEGF.The biological process involves reaction to oxida-tive stress,the regulation of neuron death,and negative regulation of cell differentiation,etc.;cellular components were related to the membrane raft,smooth endoplasmic reticulum,endoplasmic reticulum lumen and other com-ponents;molecular function aspects were related to sig-naling receptor activator activity,chaperone binding and protease binding.Enrichment analysis of pathway revealed that the intersecting targets were involved in PI3K/Akt pathway and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,etc.CONCLUSION The endoplasmic reticu-lum stress in cerebral ischemic stroke is related to the bi-ological processes of reaction to oxidative stress,the reg-ulation of neuron death,and negative regulation of cell differentiation,the mechanism may be related to neuroin-flammation and apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as the initial manifestation of Mucopolysaccharidosis type Ⅲ A (MPS Ⅲ A). METHODS: A female patient with MPS Ⅲ A who was admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University in January 2022 and her family members (seven individuals from three generations) were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of the proband were collected. Peripheral blood samples of the proband was collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. Heparan-N-sulfatase activity was determined for the disease associated with the variant site. RESULTS: The proband was a 49-year-old woman, for whom cardiac MRI has revealed significant thickening (up to 20 mm) of left ventricular wall and delayed gadolinium enhancement at the apical myocardium. Genetic testing revealed that she has harbored compound heterozygous variants in exon 17 of the SGSH gene, namely c.545G>A (p.Arg182His) and c.703G>A (p.Asp235Asn). Based on guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), both variants were predicted to be pathogenic (PM2_Supporting +PM3+PP1Strong+PP3+PP4; PS3+PM1+PM2_Supporting +PM3+PP3+PP4). Sanger sequencing confirmed that her mother was heterozygous for the c.545G>A (p.Arg182His) variant, whilst her father, sisters and her son were heterozygous for the c.703G>A (p.Asp235Asn) variant. Determination of blood leukocyte heparan-N-sulfatase activity suggested that the patient had a low level of 1.6 nmol/(g·h), whilst that of her father, elder and younger sisters and son were all in the normal range. CONCLUSION The compound heterozygous variants of the SGSH gene probably underlay the MPS ⅢA in this patient, for which hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an associated phenotype.
Female ; Humans ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Contrast Media ; East Asian People ; Gadolinium ; Mucopolysaccharidosis III ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate, and summarize the best evidence for peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) related thrombosis in children.Methods:Guideline websites, relevant society websites, and databases at China and abroad were searched for guidelines, evidence summaries, expert consensuses, and systematic reviews related to thrombosis before and after PICC catheterization in children published up to June 30, 2021 based on evidence-based nursing. The quality of the literature was independently evaluated by 2 researchers with reference to Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation InstrumentⅡ and the criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) in Australia (2016) . Data were extracted from the literatures that met the standards through expert demonstration, and the evidence was graded and recommended according to the JBI evidence pre-grading system (2014 edition) .Results:A total of 11 articles were included, including 4 guidelines, 1 systematic review, 1 expert consensus, and 5 evidence summaries. 27 pieces of evidence were summarized from 7 aspects: organizational management, catheter selection, blood vessel selection and puncture, location of catheter tip, physical prevention, drug prevention, and evaluation.Conclusions:This paper summarizes and analyzes the best evidence for PICC-related thrombosis in children and provides an evidence-based reference for the clinical application and practice of PICC-related thrombosis in children.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of conbercept in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC-CNV).Methods:A retrospective case study was performed.The medical records of 13 patients (14 eyes) diagnosed as chronic CSC-CNV in Hangzhou Branch of Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from September 2015 to January 2018 were collected.All the study eyes received intravitreal injection of conbercept (0.05 ml/0.5 mg) under one intravitreal injection and pro re nata (PRN) treatment.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) before initial injection and 1 week, 1 month, 2, 3 and 6 months after initial injection were measured and analyzed.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and written informed consent was obtained from each patient before initial injection.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Branch of Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (No.2019-029-K-28).Results:During the 6-month follow-up, the mean administration times was 1.93±0.83, and all the CNV secondary to CSC did not grow outside the retinal pigment epithelium layer.The BCVA values before initial injection and 1 week, 1 month, 2, 3 and 6 months after initial injection were 0.51±0.32, 0.43±0.34, 0.36±0.35, 0.31±0.28, 0.27±0.29 and 0.26±0.30, respectively, with a significant difference among different time points ( F=21.225, P<0.05). The BCVA values at each time point after initial injection were significantly better than that before initial injection (all at P<0.05). The CMT values before initial injection and 1 week and 1 month, 2, 3, 6 months after initial injection were (299.07±132.90), (216.50±70.94), (203.00±61.87), (234.29±95.70), (194.21±46.46) and (207.43±55.46) μm, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant among different time points ( F=3.768, P<0.05). The CMT values at each time point after initial injection were significantly better than that before initial injection (all at P<0.05). No severe treatment complications were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusions:Intravitreal injection of conbercept is safe and can effectively reduce the CMT and improve BCVA of chronic CSC-CNV patients in the short term.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of early mobilization on mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with mechanical ventilation after discharge by Meta-analysis.Methods:Databases including SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to September 17th, 2020, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCT) about early mobilization on mortality of patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU after discharge, the references included in the literature were traced. The control group was given routine care, the experimental group was given early mobilization on the basis of the control group, including passive or active mobilization on the bed, sitting on the bed, standing by the bed, transferring to the bedside chair and assisting walking. The literature screening, data extracting, and the bias risk assessment of included studies were conducted independently by two reviewers. Stata 12.0 software was then used to perform Meta-analysis. Funnel plot was used to test publication bias.Results:A total of 10 RCT studies involving 1 323 patients were included, with 660 patients in the control group and 663 patients in the experimental group. The results of literature quality evaluation showed that 7 studies were grade A and 3 studies were grade B, indicating that the overall quality of included literatures was high. The Meta-analysis results showed that early mobilization did not increase the mortality of patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU after discharge [odds ratio ( OR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.75-1.13, P = 0.449]. Subgroup analysis results showed that early mobilization had a tendency to reduce the mortality of ICU patients with mechanical ventilation at 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge, but the difference was not statistically significant (3-month mortality: OR = 1.02, 95% CI was 0.74-1.40, P = 0.927; 6-month mortality: OR = 0.95, 95% CI was 0.70-1.27, P = 0.712; 12-month mortality: OR = 0.60, 95% CI was 0.33-1.10, P = 0.101). Funnel plot showed that the distribution of included literatures was not completely symmetrical, suggesting that publication bias might exist. Conclusions:Early mobilization does not increase the mortality of ICU patients with mechanical ventilation after discharge. Although it tends to have a favorable outcome in reducing mortality, and has a trend to reduce the mortality. However, due to the small number of included literatures, small sample size and differences in the specific implementation of early mobilization among various studies, a large number of high-quality RCT studies are still needed for further verification.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of preventing and treatment of pharmaceuticals on intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) by systematic review.Methods:The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning pharmaceutical prevention and treatment about ICU-AW in SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang data, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMbase, and other sources were searched from their foundation to May 30th, 2019. The patients in the intervention group were treated with drugs to prevent or treat ICU-AW; and those in control group were treated with other rehabilitation methods. Data searching, extracting and quality evaluation were assessed by two reviewers independently. Stata 12.0 software was then used for Meta-analysis. Only descriptive analysis was conducted when only one study was enrolled.Results:A total of 11 RCTs were enrolled with 1 865 patients in the intervention group and 1 894 in the control group. The results of quality evaluation showed that 4 studies were A-level and 7 studies were B-level, indicating that the overall quality of the enrolled literature was high. Meta-analysis showed that intensive insulin therapy could prevent ICU-AW [relative risk ( RR) = 0.761, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.662-0.876, P = 0.000], but reduced phenylalanine loss (nmol·100 mL -1·min -1: -3±3 vs. -11±3, P < 0.05) and glutamine intake (nmol·100 mL -1·min -1: -97±22 vs. -51±13, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevention and treatment of ICU-AW between other drugs (including growth hormone, glutamine, dexmedetomidine, neostigmine, oxandrolone, and intravenous immunoglobulin) and control group. Conclusions:Intensive insulin therapy can prevent ICU-AW, but the risk of hypoglycemia will increase. Other drugs including growth hormone, glutamine, dexmedetomidine, neostigmine, oxandrolone, and intravenous immunoglobulin have no obvious advantages in the prevention and treatment of ICU-AW, so no drug has been recommended to prevent and treat ICU-AW.

Objective:To investigate the current status of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) assessment, analyze the assessment barriers, and to provide reference to improve ICU-AW assessment.Methods:A convenient sampling cross-sectional survey was conducted. First, an interview outline which based on related domestic and international literatures and combining with the research purpose of this study were designed. Thirteen medical personnel (8 ICU nurses, 3 ICU doctors, 1 respiratory therapist and 1 physiotherapist) who worked in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University were enrolled with convenience sampling method to interview. Second, the topics were comprehensively analyzed and extracted, and then a questionnaire was constructed, and the reliability and validity was assessed. Finally, the questionnaire survey including the general situation of ICU medical staffs, the current practices of ICU-AW and influencing factors was implemented in China.Results:The retest reliability was 0.92 and expert validity was 0.96 of the questionnaire. There were 3 563 respondents in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions which eliminated 357 unqualified questionnaires, including 173 respondents from neonatal or pediatric ICU, 89 respondents whose working time was less than 6 months, and 95 invalid respondents, and then there were finally 3 206 valid questionnaires and the response rate were 90.0%. Those 3 206 respondents included 616 doctors (19.2%), 2 371 nurses (74.0%), 129 respiratory therapists (4.0%), 51 physiotherapist (1.6%) and 39 dietitians (1.2%). The mean age was (30.7±6.3) years old. Most of them had bachelor's degree (65.9%), master and above was 14.1%. Associate senior physician and above was 8.0%; ICU working time was (5.94±4.50) years. In clinical practice, only 26.5% of the ICU medical staffs confirmed that they had treated or taken care for ICU-AW patients; 52.9% of medical staffs evaluated ICU-AW only based on clinical experience, and only 12.3% used ICU-AW assessment tools. The majority of respondents believed that ICU-AW knowledge training should be performed (81.8%), ICU-AW assessment should be as important as other complications (pressure sore, infected ventilator associated pneumonia, etc., 75.1%), and ICU-AW assessment should be part of daily treatment and care activities (61.2%). However, only 10.2% of respondents had received ICU-AW related knowledge training, and 42.7% respondents believed that their ICU-AW related knowledge could not meet clinical needs. Only 18.7% respondents would actively assess whether patients suffered from ICU-AW or not, and 42.3% respondents thought that ICU-AW should be assessed every day, and the assessment tools were also inconsistent. There were 44.0% respondents considered the Medical Research Council Muscle score (MRC-score) scale was the optimal tool for diagnosing ICU-AW, the following were neuro-electrophysiological examination (17.2%) and manual muscle strength (MMT, 11.1%). The main cause of the ICU-AW assessment barriers was the lack of ICU-AW related knowledge (88.1%), and the following were lack of ICU-AW assessment guidelines (76.5%), patients' cognitive impairment or limited understanding ability (84.6%), unable to cooperate with the assessment due to critical illness (83.0%), and inadequate attention to ICU-AW assessment by the department (77.5%).Conclusion:The current status of ICU-AW assessment were unsatisfying in China, and the main barriers were lack of skills and knowledge.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by enhanced deep imaging-OCT (EDI-OCT).Methods:A retrospective case study. From September 2015 to November 2018, 100 patients with acute CSC who received half-dose PDT in Hangzhou Branch of the Eye Optometry Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were included in the study. Among 100 patients, 69 patients were males and 31 patients were females; the average age was 49.63±7.97 years; the average duration of disease was 2.19±0.71 months. All patients underwent BCVA, EDI-OCT, FFA, ICGA and other examinations. BCVA was used on the international standard visual acuity chart and converted to logMAR visual acuity records. Before treatment, the average logMAR BCVA was 0.29±0.19, the average macular foveal retinal thickness (CMT) was 370.59±134.98 μm, and the average macular subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was 366.93±86.95 μm. All patients were treated with half-dose PDT. We compared the changes of BCVA, CMT, SFCT, and subretinal fluid (SRF) of the eye before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment and 1, 3, and 6 months. Pearson correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between BCVA and baseline BCVA, CMT, SFCT after 6 months of treatment.Results:Six months after treatment, SRF was completely absorbed in 98 eyes, with an effective rate of 98.0%. Compared with before treatment, 2 weeks and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment, the BCVA of the eye significantly increased ( F=66.493, P<0.001), and CMT and SFCT significantly decreased ( F=134.625, 30.394; P<0.001,<0.001). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that BCVA was positively correlated with baseline BCVA 6 months after treatment ( r=0.529, P<0.001), and there was no significant correlation with CMT and SFCT. There were no serious complications related to treatment during the follow-up period. Conclusions:Half-dose PDT can effectively increase BCVA in a short period of time for acute CSC. EDI-OCT can observe that CMT, SFCT and SRF absorption are significantly reduced after treatment.

Objective To compared the macular blood flow parameters among myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV), high myopia (HM) and normal subjects.Methods Retrospective study. Forty patients (40 eyes) diagnosed as mCNV (mCNV group) in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou from June 2016 to November 2018, age-matched, sex-matched and diopter-matched 40 HM patients (40 eyes, HM group), age-matched and sex-matched 40 healthy persons (40 eyes, normal group) were enrolled in this study. Retina superficial and deep vessel density, the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ), a-circularity index (AI) and vessel density around the 300 μm width of the FAZ region (FD) on macular 3 mm×3 mm scan on OCTA of 3 groups were compared.Results There were significant differences in the average retina superficial, deep vessel density, the area of FAZ, AI and FD among 3 groups (F=24.82, 9.18, 3.58, 7.68, 14.15;P<0.05). The average retina superficial and deep vessel density and FD in mCNV group were lower than those in HM group (P<0.05). The average retina superficial and deep vessel density and FD in HM group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The average area of FAZ in mCNV group was smaller than that in control group (P<0.05). The average AI in mCNV group was less than that in the other 2 groups (P<0.05). Conclusions The retina superficial, deep vessel density and FD decreased, the area and the form of FAZ remained unchanged in HM subjects comparing with normal subjects. While retina superficial, deep vessel density and FD decreased more, the area of FAZ reduced, the form of FAZ tend to be irregular in mCNV.