With the extensive application of nuclear technology in industry, agriculture, and medicine, the safety issues associated with neutron radiation have become increasingly prominent. Due to their high penetrability and strong ionization effect, neutrons can cause serious health risks by directly damaging DNA or inducing secondary γ radiation. Therefore, the neutron radiation protection has become a core challenge in radiation protection, especially the research and development of neutron shielding materials. To ensure the safe development of nuclear technology, neutron shielding materials are indispensable and constitute a fundamental core technology for radiation protection. This paper reviews the theory of neutron radiation protection and the research progress of neutron shielding materials, with a focus on the current application status and existing problems of neutron shielding materials. This article also discusses the future development trends. This review aims to provide theoretical support and technical references for the safe application and development of nuclear technology.

Objective:To explore the latent profile types of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior in stroke patients and analyze the influencing factors of different latent profiles.Methods:From January to October 2023, totally 596 stroke patients from the Neurology Department of five ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Henan Province were selected by stratified random sampling. The patients were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire (SPKQ), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the WHO's Quality of Life Questionnaire- Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), the Short Form Health Belief Model Scale (SF-HBMS), and the Health Promoting Lifestyle ProfileⅡ (HPLPⅡ). Latent profile analysis was used to classify the capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior characteristics of stroke patients, and multiple logistic regression was conducted to explore the influencing factors of different latent profiles.Results:Three latent profiles of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior in stroke patients were identified, including low capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with high health beliefs (32.4%, 193/596), moderate capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with insufficient health beliefs (47.5%, 283/596), and high capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with lack of social support (20.1%, 120/596). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that educational level, smoking history, family history, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score were influencing factors of different latent profiles ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Stroke patients exhibit distinct classifications of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior. Targeted interventions should be conducted based on the characteristics of each category to improve health behavior management outcomes in patients.

Humans ; East Asian People ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vitiligo/epidemiology*

Objective:To explore the relationship between 18F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-42 SUV max of primary gastric cancer and clinicopathological factors of patients. Methods:Fifty-one patients (31males, 20 females, age: 51(47, 65) years) with gastric cancer who underwent 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT before surgical resection in Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from February 2022 to January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinicopathological factors that might affect tumor SUV max (including gender, age, tumor location, pathological type, histological grade, Lauren classification, vascular and(or) neural invasion, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, pathologic(p)T stage, pN stage and pTNM stage) were evaluated by the univariate analysis (Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test) and multivariate analysis (multiple linear regression analysis). Results:The sensitivity of 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT in the diagnosis of patients with primary gastric cancer was 82.35% (42/51). The diagnostic sensitivities for early gastric cancer (T1) and locally advanced gastric cancer (T2-T4) were 59.09%(13/22) and 100%(29/29), respectively. The SUV max of primary lesion was 4.90(1.71, 12.51). The univariate analysis showed that SUV max of primary gastric cancer was related to tumor location ( z=-2.00, P=0.046), pT stage ( H=36.94, P<0.001), pN stage ( z=-3.89, P<0.001), pTNM stage ( H=31.49, P<0.001) and vascular and(or) nerve invasion ( z=-5.22, P<0.001), but not related to pathological type, histological grade, Lauren typing, and PD-L1 expression ( z values: from -1.78 to -0.09, all P>0.05). pT stage was found to be a significant independent factor for SUV max in primary gastric lesion by multivariate analysis ( t=2.52, P=0.015). Conclusions:The 18F-FAPI-42 SUV max of primary tumor was related to tumor location, pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, and vascular and(or) nerve invasion; pT stage is an independent factor affecting tumor SUV max. The ability of 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT to detect gastric cancer is mainly affected by pT stage.

Objective:To analyze the burden and benefit finding of illness among home caregivers of patients with cognitive impairment after stroke, so as to provide references for formulating targeted intervention strategies.Methods:Using the intentional sampling method, 15 home caregivers of patients with cognitive impairment after stroke treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from July 2019 to December 2019 were selected as research objects. The semi-structured interview was conducted by phenomenological method, and the interview data were analyzed by Colaizzi analysis method.Results:The burden of home caregivers of patients with cognitive impairment after stroke was mainly manifested as excessive psychological pressure, impaired health, heavy financial burden, and separation from social life. The benefit finding of illness was mainly manifested in the respect for life, the improvement of health behavior ability, and the enhancement of family and social responsibility.Conclusions:Home caregivers of patients with cognitive impairment after stroke have both a negative sense of burden and a positive sense of benefit finding of illness. Medical workers should make a dialectical analysis to help resolve the burden of negative feelings, actively cultivate a sense of benefit finding of illness, and improve their behavioral ability of care.

Objective:To assess the safety and effectiveness of amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex for injection in the context of empirical and diagnostic antifungal therapy for patients with hematological malignancies in addition to invasive fungal illness.Methods:This single-arm clinical study enrolled 30 patients who received empirical and diagnostic-driven antifungal therapy for hematological malignancies combined with invasive fungal disease. The primary endpoint was safety. Response rate, fever duration, and treatment completion rate were all considered secondary objectives.Results:30 participants were eventually enrolled in the study, and the treatment completion rate was 80.0% . Most adverse events were in grades 1-2. Infusion response was the most frequent adverse event (24/30, 80% ) . The overall response rate was 80.0% (24/30) . In 24 patients (80.0% ) , the fever persisted for 1 day.Conclusions:Treatment of invasive fungal illness in conjunction with hematological malignancies showed good efficacy and safety with amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex for injection.

【Objective】 To investigate the unqualified rate of anti-HIV detection of blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and explore the differences in anti-HIV detection ability and influencing factors in each laboratory. 【Methods】 Through filling questionnaires via e-mail, the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate and confirmed (WB) positive results (data) from January to December 2018 from 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were collected. Our laboratory was responsible for data collection and confirmation, and statistics software SPSS22.0 was used for analysis. 【Results】 1) There was a statistically significant difference among the unqualified rate of anti-HIV ELISA(6.77‱~35.71‱) and confirmed positive rate(0.60‱~3.56‱) in 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (P<0.05); 2) There were significant differencse among the ELISA unqualified rate and the confirmed positive rate of 8 reagents for anti-HIV detection(P<0.01), and the sensitivity of the 4th generation detection reagent and the imported reagent was higher than that of the 3rd generation reagent and the domestic reagent. The anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R5 was the highest (19.08‱). 3)There were significant differences in the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R1, R2, R3, R5 and R7 reagents among different blood station laboratories(P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R4, R6 and R8 reagents among different blood station laboratories(P>0.05). 4)The unqualified rate of anti-HIV ELISA of laboratories using different regents showed significant differences(P<0.05), except H, J, M. The unqualified rate of imported reagent was significantly higher than that of domestic reagents of laboratories using imported and domestic reagents combinations(P<0.05), except O. 62.5% (5/8) laboratories using domestic 3^rd and 4^th generation reagent combination showed significant differences in the unqualified rates among different reagents(P<0.05); 5) The positive rate of single-reagent(62.02%~95.45%)in 15 blood screening laboratories showed significant difference(P<0.001), and A was the lowest (62.02%). 【Conclusion】 The anti-HIV detection ability among 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is quite different. The application of different reagents is the main factor for the difference, and other factors such as personnel, instruments and test strategies also has a great impact on the detection of anti-HIV. It is still necessary to promote the process of homogenization of blood testing quality among blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of pregnant women with leukemia, the condition of leukemia and the influence of clinical treatment on maternal and infant outcomes, and to explore the best clinical management method of leukemia in pregnancy.Methods:Among 79 890 pregnant and lying-in women in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2004 to December 2015, 22 cases (0.028%) were with leukemia, including 5 cases of leukemia diagnosed before pregnancy [all acute myeloid leukemia (AML)] and 17 cases of leukemia diagnosed for the first time after pregnancy [9 cases of AML, 5 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 2 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 1 case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)]. According to the gestational weeks of admission and confirmed gestational weeks of leukemia, the 22 patients were divided into early-stage group (initial gestational week < 14 weeks, 5 cases), mid-stage group (newly diagnosed gestational week ≥ 14 weeks and < 28 weeks, 11 cases), and late-stage group (newly diagnosed gestational week ≥ 28 weeks, 6 cases, including 2 cases with previous diagnosis of leukemia). The final pregnancy outcomes included abortion, induced labor, premature delivery, full-term delivery and maternal and infant death. The effects of clinical treatment and obstetric treatment of leukemia on the final maternal and infant outcomes, follow-up to understand the progress of primary disease and fertility of pregnant women, and the impact of leukemia and pregnancy treatment on long-term health status of infants were analyzed.Results:Among 22 patients with leukemia in pregnancy, 14 cases (63.6%) (5 cases in early-stage group and 9 cases in mid-stage group) choosed to give up pregnancy, including 4 cases of early pregnancy abortion and 10 cases of mid pregnancy induced abortion; 12 cases of 14 cases were induced abortion or induced labor after leukemia remission induced by advanced chemotherapy. The remaining 8 patients (2 cases in mid-stage group and 6 cases in late-stage group) continued pregnancy and gave birth to live infants, of which 3 cases received chemotherapy before delivery.Conclusions:Gestational leukemia is a high-risk obstetric case, but it is still expected to achieve good pregnancy outcome under good management and treatment. On the basis of following the principles of leukemia treatment, according to the gestational weeks and patients' wishes, the individualized clinical management plan is formulated, and the accurate chemotherapy timing is conducive to the prognosis of mother and infant.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of an early death in patients with de novo acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) , analyze the risk factors and direct causes of early death, and perform survival analysis.Methods:The clinical data of 368 patients with de novo APL in three centers (First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Guangci Hospital, and Soochow Hopes Hospital of Hematology) during January 2011-December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics of patients who suffered hemorrhagic early death and non-hemorrhagic early death were compared. The risk factors for early death, survival, and prognosis of patients with APL were analyzed.Results:Among the 368 de novo APL patients, 31 died early with an early mortality rate of 8.4%. The median time from diagnosis to death was 7 (0-29) d. On comparison of the clinical characteristics of patients with early death and non-early death and subsequent multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model, it was observed that age ≥50 years and WBC ≥10×10 9/L were independent risk factors for early death ( P<0.01) . A total of 27 (87.1%) of the 31 early deaths was directly attributed to hemorrhage as the immediate cause of early death. Hemorrhage was the only cause of death in patients <50 years old and the major cause of death in patients ≥50 years old. A comparison of the clinical characteristics of patients with hemorrhagic early death and patients with non-hemorrhagic early death suggested that the median age and indirect bilirubin concentration of patients with hemorrhagic early death were lower than those with non-hemorrhagic early death ( P<0.05) . The median follow-up time for all patients was 41.0 (0.3-101.4) months. The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate was (93.5±1.3) %, and the 5-year OS rate was (91.0±1.5) %. The 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was (98.8±0.6) %, and the 5-year DFS rate was (97.1±0.9) %. The 2-year OS rate of patients ≥50 years old and patients <50 years old was 79.3% vs 94.2%, P=0.000; the 2-year DFS rate was 92.3% vs 98.1%, P=0.023. The respective 2-year OS rates of high-risk and non-high-risk patients were 77.3% and 96.7% ( P=0.000) and the respective 2-year DFS rates were 94.0% and 98.4% ( P=0.139) . Conclusion:Age and WBC are independent prognostic factors for early death. We observed a difference in early mortality between high-risk and low-risk APL, but no difference in DFS rate.

Objective: To understand the AIDS awareness and related factors as well as the demands for AIDS-related health education programs, among first-grade students from three senior high schools in Tianjin. Methods: A cross-sectional study using both stratified cluster and convenient sampling methods was conducted. Anonymous questionnaires including social demographic characteristics, AIDS-related knowledge and needs for AIDS health education were distributed to the first-grade students from two general middle schools and one vocational senior middle school in Tianjin. Results: A total of 1 082 students were responding to the questionnaires. Among them, the overall awareness rates of AIDS-related knowledge were 34.3%(371/1 082), 71.9%(778/1 082) of the students had received knowledge about AIDS and 59.4% (643/1 082) of the students had received knowledge about sexual health in the past, from the three schools. There appeared statistical differences among the two types of schools. 7.0% (76/1 082) of the students reported having had sexual behaviors. Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, in vocational senior middle school, the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was lower (compared with general middle school, OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.29-0.59) and in the following items, including no need in receiving safe sex health knowledge (compared with needs of safe sex health knowledge, OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.43-0.91), no interests in reading AIDS-related health education materials (compared with attention to AIDS health education materials, OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.30-0.56), not aware of safe sex behavior (compared with aware of safe sex behavior, OR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.39-0.77), not aware of correct condom use, compared with aware of correct condom use (OR=0.33, 95%CI: 0.24-0.46). Conclusions The overall awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was low among the first-grade students in Tianjin. Some students reported of already having had insertive sex, sexual health knowledge has a significant impact on AIDS knowledge, suggesting that sexual health education and AIDS health education among high school students be strengthened in Tianjin.