BackgroundSleep disorder in the first trimester is a fairly common health problem， and previous studies have mainly reflected the overall sleep quality through scale assessments， which may not accurately capture the differences among various subtypes. ObjectiveTo explore the latent profiles of sleep quality in first-trimester pregnant women and identify the physiological， psychological and social factors， in order to provide practical references for the development of personalized interventions for sleep disorders in first-trimester pregnant women. MethodsA total of 1 066 first-trimester pregnant women who visited the obstetric outpatient clinic of a tertiary A hospital in Shenzhen from October 2021 to October 2022 were investigated using the general information questionnaire， Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）， Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale （EPDS）， Chinese version of short International Physical Activity Questionnaire （IPAQ-S-C） and Social Capital Assessment Tool in Pregnancy for Maternal Health （SCAT-MH）. Then the sleep profiles were identified through latent profile analysis， and the robust mixture regression model was employed to determine the influencing factors of sleep profiles. ResultsA 3-profile solution showed the best fit： 732 cases （68.67%） of good sleep quality group， 87 cases （8.16%） of low sleep efficiency group， and 247 cases （23.17%） of daytime dysfunction group. In comparison with subjects in good sleep quality group， first-trimester pregnant women in low sleep efficiency group were at a younger age （OR=0.951， 95% CI： 0.922~0.980）， held a Bachelor's degree or above （OR=1.869， 95% CI： 1.260~2.773） and exhibited lower levels of social capital （OR=0.962， 95% CI： 0.951~0.973）， while those in daytime dysfunction group were at an older age （OR=1.072， 95% CI： 1.027~1.120） and had higher levels of depression （OR=1.166， 95% CI： 1.115~1.218）. Pregnant women who were workers （OR=0.507， 95% CI： 0.293~0.876） were less likely to report daytime dysfunction. ConclusionThree latent profiles with significant heterogeneity are derived from the sleep quality of first-trimester pregnant women， and levels of depression and social capital are the main influencing factors of sleep quality. ［Funded by Industry-University-Research Innovation Fund for Chinese Universities （number， 2023HT018）］

The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China are among the highest in the world, imposing a heavy social burden. Liver resection and liver transplantation are the primary radical treatments for HCC, although most patients are no longer able to meet the surgical requirements at initial diagnosis. Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) has the advantages of shrinking tumors, enlarging residual liver, regressing portal vein tumor thrombus and improving the quality of life, which can be used for conversion, downstaging and bridging therapy for HCC before surgical treatment, enabling patients regain the chance of radical treatment and reducing the postoperative recurrence rate. This review focuses on the clinical application and progress of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT in this field.

Objective To analyze the trends in the disease burden of pertussis in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a basis for the development of effective prevention and control strategies. Methods Using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database, the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), as well as the age-standardized rates of pertussis in China from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed. Descriptive statistical methods were employed to analyze the characteristics of the pertussis disease burden, and the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in pertussis disease burden. Results From 1990 to 2021, the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of pertussis in China decreased from 1 503 800 cases, 10 951 deaths, and 954 900 person-years to 65 400 cases, 548 deaths, and 46 500 person-years, representing a decrease of 95.65%, 95.00%, and 95.13%, respectively. The corresponding age-standardized rates also decreased by 93.58%, 92.47%, and 92.53%, respectively. The Joinpoint regression model revealed a significant downward trend in the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates for pertussis (AAPCs were -8.32%, -9.65%, and -9.58%, respectively, P<0.001). The disease burden was slightly higher in females than in males, with the majority of cases occurring in children under 10 years old, particularly in infants under 1 year old, where the burden was the heaviest. As age increased, the disease burden decreased. Conclusion Between 1990 and 2021, the overall disease burden of pertussis in China showed a significant downward trend, with gender and age differences. Special attention should be given on the prevention and control of pertussis in children under 10 years old, especially in infants under 1 year old.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the hand function recovery capacity of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients with different severities of hand dexterity impairment. Methods: Hand functional outcome measures such as the 10-second grip and release (10s-G&R) test, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) upper extremity score and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) upper extremity function were collected before surgery and at the 1-year follow-up. A total of 102 DCM patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe group based on the preoperative 10s-G&R test result. Hand functional parameters were compared across the 3 groups. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to explore predictive factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive efficacy of the preoperative 10s-G&R test and establish the cutoff value for incomplete recovery of hand dexterity. Results: At the 1-year follow-up, significant improvements were observed in all hand functional parameters across all 3 groups. However, the incomplete recovery rates of the mild, moderate, severe groups were 26.67%, 46.88%, and 57.50%, respectively (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression revealed that preoperative 10s-G&R test result, age, Hoffmann sign, duration of symptom, and mJOA Upper score serve as significant predictors for postoperative 10s-G&R test outcomes. Patients with a preoperative 10s-G&R test < 15 cycles have a 1.9 times higher risk of incomplete recovery of hand function (p = 0.005). Conclusion Most patients, regardless of their preoperative hand function, exhibit potential for improvement in hand dexterity. However, worse initial hand dexterity correlates with poorer outcomes. Surgical treatment is recommended before the 10s-G&R test drops below 15 cycles.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the hand function recovery capacity of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients with different severities of hand dexterity impairment. Methods: Hand functional outcome measures such as the 10-second grip and release (10s-G&R) test, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) upper extremity score and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) upper extremity function were collected before surgery and at the 1-year follow-up. A total of 102 DCM patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe group based on the preoperative 10s-G&R test result. Hand functional parameters were compared across the 3 groups. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to explore predictive factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive efficacy of the preoperative 10s-G&R test and establish the cutoff value for incomplete recovery of hand dexterity. Results: At the 1-year follow-up, significant improvements were observed in all hand functional parameters across all 3 groups. However, the incomplete recovery rates of the mild, moderate, severe groups were 26.67%, 46.88%, and 57.50%, respectively (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression revealed that preoperative 10s-G&R test result, age, Hoffmann sign, duration of symptom, and mJOA Upper score serve as significant predictors for postoperative 10s-G&R test outcomes. Patients with a preoperative 10s-G&R test < 15 cycles have a 1.9 times higher risk of incomplete recovery of hand function (p = 0.005). Conclusion Most patients, regardless of their preoperative hand function, exhibit potential for improvement in hand dexterity. However, worse initial hand dexterity correlates with poorer outcomes. Surgical treatment is recommended before the 10s-G&R test drops below 15 cycles.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the hand function recovery capacity of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients with different severities of hand dexterity impairment. Methods: Hand functional outcome measures such as the 10-second grip and release (10s-G&R) test, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) upper extremity score and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) upper extremity function were collected before surgery and at the 1-year follow-up. A total of 102 DCM patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe group based on the preoperative 10s-G&R test result. Hand functional parameters were compared across the 3 groups. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to explore predictive factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive efficacy of the preoperative 10s-G&R test and establish the cutoff value for incomplete recovery of hand dexterity. Results: At the 1-year follow-up, significant improvements were observed in all hand functional parameters across all 3 groups. However, the incomplete recovery rates of the mild, moderate, severe groups were 26.67%, 46.88%, and 57.50%, respectively (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression revealed that preoperative 10s-G&R test result, age, Hoffmann sign, duration of symptom, and mJOA Upper score serve as significant predictors for postoperative 10s-G&R test outcomes. Patients with a preoperative 10s-G&R test < 15 cycles have a 1.9 times higher risk of incomplete recovery of hand function (p = 0.005). Conclusion Most patients, regardless of their preoperative hand function, exhibit potential for improvement in hand dexterity. However, worse initial hand dexterity correlates with poorer outcomes. Surgical treatment is recommended before the 10s-G&R test drops below 15 cycles.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the hand function recovery capacity of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients with different severities of hand dexterity impairment. Methods: Hand functional outcome measures such as the 10-second grip and release (10s-G&R) test, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) upper extremity score and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) upper extremity function were collected before surgery and at the 1-year follow-up. A total of 102 DCM patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe group based on the preoperative 10s-G&R test result. Hand functional parameters were compared across the 3 groups. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to explore predictive factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive efficacy of the preoperative 10s-G&R test and establish the cutoff value for incomplete recovery of hand dexterity. Results: At the 1-year follow-up, significant improvements were observed in all hand functional parameters across all 3 groups. However, the incomplete recovery rates of the mild, moderate, severe groups were 26.67%, 46.88%, and 57.50%, respectively (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression revealed that preoperative 10s-G&R test result, age, Hoffmann sign, duration of symptom, and mJOA Upper score serve as significant predictors for postoperative 10s-G&R test outcomes. Patients with a preoperative 10s-G&R test < 15 cycles have a 1.9 times higher risk of incomplete recovery of hand function (p = 0.005). Conclusion Most patients, regardless of their preoperative hand function, exhibit potential for improvement in hand dexterity. However, worse initial hand dexterity correlates with poorer outcomes. Surgical treatment is recommended before the 10s-G&R test drops below 15 cycles.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the hand function recovery capacity of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients with different severities of hand dexterity impairment. Methods: Hand functional outcome measures such as the 10-second grip and release (10s-G&R) test, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) upper extremity score and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) upper extremity function were collected before surgery and at the 1-year follow-up. A total of 102 DCM patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe group based on the preoperative 10s-G&R test result. Hand functional parameters were compared across the 3 groups. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to explore predictive factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive efficacy of the preoperative 10s-G&R test and establish the cutoff value for incomplete recovery of hand dexterity. Results: At the 1-year follow-up, significant improvements were observed in all hand functional parameters across all 3 groups. However, the incomplete recovery rates of the mild, moderate, severe groups were 26.67%, 46.88%, and 57.50%, respectively (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression revealed that preoperative 10s-G&R test result, age, Hoffmann sign, duration of symptom, and mJOA Upper score serve as significant predictors for postoperative 10s-G&R test outcomes. Patients with a preoperative 10s-G&R test < 15 cycles have a 1.9 times higher risk of incomplete recovery of hand function (p = 0.005). Conclusion Most patients, regardless of their preoperative hand function, exhibit potential for improvement in hand dexterity. However, worse initial hand dexterity correlates with poorer outcomes. Surgical treatment is recommended before the 10s-G&R test drops below 15 cycles.

ObjectiveTo establish a quality evaluation method for Zhuye Shigao granules（Zhuye Shigaotang） based on fingerprint and determination of index components， and to investigate the therapeutic effect of Zhuye Shigao granules on mice with cold-dampness pestilence attacking lung syndrome. MethodsThe fingerprint of Zhuye Shigao granules was established by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the methods for determination of total calcium， orientin， isoorientin， ginsenosides Rg₁， Re and Rb₁ and other 2 index components were established. Fifty ICR mice were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， Zhuye Shigao granules low， medium and high dose groups（9.3， 18.6， 37.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. In addition to the blank group， the model mice with cold-dampness pestilence attacking lung syndrome was prepared by nasal drip of lipopolysaccharide combined with cold-dampness environment. Each administration group was given the corresponding liquid by gavage according to the dose， while the blank group and model group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage. Then， the body temperature and organ index of mice in each group were measured， hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to investigate the lung tissue injury of mice in each group， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the changes of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， interleukin（IL）-lβ， IL-6， IL-10 levels in serum and lung tissue， as well as immunoglobulin（Ig）A and IgM levels in serum. ResultsThe fingerprint similarity of 10 batches of Zhuye Shigao granules was>0.950， and 20 common peaks were calibrated. Seven of them were identified， including peak 11（isoorientin）， peak 12（orientin）， peak 14（apioside liquiritin）， peak 15（liquiritin）， peak 17（apioside isoliquiritin）， peak 19（isoliquiritin） and peak 20（liquiritigenin）. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the content range of each index component in 10 batches of Zhuye Shigao granules was as follows：Total calcium of 9.978-11.294 mg·g^-1， isoorientin of 0.033-0.041 mg·g^-1， orientin of 0.046-0.055 mg·g^-1， ginsenoside Rg₁+ginsenoside Re of 0.748-0.762 mg·g^-1， ginsenoside Rb₁ of 0.151-0.197 mg·g^-1， liquiritin of 1.106-1.366 mg·g^-1， glycyrrhizic acid of 0.904-1.182 mg·g^-1_. Compared with the blank group， the body temperature of mice in the model group was significantly increased， the organ indexes of liver， lung and spleen were significantly decreased， the organ index of thymus was significantly increased， HE staining of lung tissue showed infiltration of inflammatory cells， a small amount of serous exudation was observed in the alveoli， and lung tissue was damaged. After the intervention of Zhuye Shigao granules， the pathological changes were improved compared with the model group. The expression levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased， the expression level of IL-10 was significantly decreased in serum and lung tissue. The levels of IgA and IgM in serum were significantly decreased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the body temperature， the organ indexes and immune factor levels in serum and lung tissue of mice in the Zhuye Shigao granules medium and high dose groups were significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionIn this study， the quality evaluation of Zhuye Shigao granules was carried out based on fingerprint combined with determination of index components， and the fingerprint of four herbs（Lophatheri Herba， Ophiopogonis Radix， Pinelliae Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma） in this formula and the determination of 8 index components were established. The therapeutic effect of Zhuye Shigao granules on mice with cold-dampness pestilence attacking lung syndrome may be related to inhibiting inflammatory response and mediating immune regulation.

ObjectiveTo clarify the neuroprotective effect of black Panacis Quinquefolii Radix（PQR） and explore its active ingredients， with the aim of establishing an activity-oriented quality evaluation method. MethodsTransgenic Tg（HuC∶EGFP） zebrafish was used to establish a neuronal injury model by aluminum chloride immersion. Different doses（10， 20 mg·L^-1） of PQR and black PQR ethanol extracts were administered. The neuroprotective effects of PQR and black PQR were compared by analyzing the fluorescent area and intensity of zebrafish neurons. Based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， a fingerprint profile of black PQR was established， followed by principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）. Differential components were screened using the criteria of variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05. The neuroprotective activity of 14 batches of black PQR was assessed， and Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify saponins related to neuroprotective activity， which were then validated. Based on the above results， active marker components were determined， and an UPLC method was established for their quantitation with clear content limits. ResultsPharmacological efficacy results showed that both PQR and black PQR at different doses could significantly improved neuronal damage in zebrafish. At a dose of 20 mg·L^-1， black PQR demonstrated superior efficacy（P<0.05）. The fingerprint similarities of 14 batches of black PQR were>0.94， with 26 common peaks identified. Through comparison with the reference standards， 8 components were confirmed， including peak 1（ginsenoside Rg₁）， peak 2（ginsenoside Re）， peak 5（ginsenoside Rb₁）， peak 9（ginsenoside Rd）， peak 16［ginsenoside 20（S）-Rg₃］， peak 17［ginsenoside 20（R）-Rg₃］， peak 18（ginsenoside Rk₁）， and peak 19（ginsenoside Rg₅）. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA indicated that there were differences in saponins among black PQR samples from different origins， and 12 differential components were screened. All 14 batches of black PQR exhibited good protective effects on zebrafish neurons， with Shaanxi-produced black PQR showing superior protective effects compared to the other three production regions. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that a total of 11 components， including ginsenosides 20（S）-Rg₃， 20（R）-Rg₃， Rk₁ and Rg₅， showed a significant positive correlation with the neuroprotective effect in zebrafish（P<0.05）. The activity validation results indicated that ginsenosides 20（S）-Rg₃， 20（R）-Rg₃， Rk₁ and Rg₅ were the primary components responsible for the neuroprotective effects of black PQR. Quantitative analysis showed that the content of ginsenoside 20（S）-Rg₃ in 14 batches of black PQR ranged from 0.17% to 0.52%， and the repair rate of neuronal damage ranged from 42.77% to 97.83%. ConclusionBased on the fingerprint and neuronal protective activity， the spectrum-effect related quality control model of black PQR was established， with ginsenoside 20（S）-Rg₃ as the quality control index， and the neuronal damage repair rate≥60% as the evaluation standard， the minimum limit of ginsenoside 20（S）-Rg₃ in black PQR should be≥0.20%.