Objective To explore the mechanisms of circadian rhythm disorder(CRD)on behavior and testicular spermatogenic capacity in adolescent mice.Methods Thirty SPF grade C57 mice were selected and randomly di-vided into the control and CRD groups with 15 mice in each group.The control group kept 12 h dark/12 h bright circulating light,and the CRD group kept 24 h light.The trial lasted for 61 days.The growth curves of mice in each group were counted;the elevated plus maze test and open field test were performed to detect mice behavior;neuronal morphology was visualized by Nissl staining.The distribution of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1)and neuron-specific nuclear protein(NeuN)in the hypothalamus were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot.Expression of testosterone synthesis-related genes steroidogenic acute regulatory protein(StAR)and hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase,3 beta-and steroid delta-isomerase 1(HSD3B1)and spermatogenesis-related genes gametogenetin binding protein 2(GGNBP2)and deleted in azoospermia-like(DAZL)were deter-mined by RT-qPCR.Results The weight of the CRD group was significantly higher than that of control group at 61 days;in the elevated plus maze test,the time,frequency,and percentage of time in the open arm of the CRD group were significantly less than those of the control group;in the open field test,there was no significant differ-ence in movement distance between the two groups;however,the residence time of the central area in the CRD group was significantly less than that in the control group;the frequency of entering the central area in the CRD group was significantly less than that in the control group.Nissl staining results showed that the positive cells in the CRD group were significantly lower than the control group.Immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that Iba1 protein expression was up-regulated and NeuN protein expression was down-regulated in the hypothalamus of the CRD group.In the RT-qPCR experiment,the expression of HSD3B1 in the CRD group was significantly low-er than that of the control group;the expression of GGNBP2 and DAZL in the CRD group was significantly lower than that in the control group.Conclusion The CRD treatment can not only lead to depressive behavior in adoles-cent mice but also reduce the development of reproductive system in male adolescent mice.

Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)are closely related to the central nervous system and characterized by morphological abnormalities and progressive loss of function in specific neuron groups.The main NDs include Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,multiple sclerosis and Huntington's disease.However,no direct therapies for NDs exist.In recent years,single cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)has been widely used in various NDs.The pathogenesis of NDs is closely related to morphology of immune cells,and the pathogenesis mainly involves mitochondrial function,glucose metabolism,inflammation,and synaptic transmission.Induced pluripotent stem cells are a potential therapy for NDs.Ultimately,we review the application of scRNA-seq to various NDs and provide a reference for prevention and treatment of NDs.

Gastric schwannoma is a tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue. The clinical incidence is relatively rare, accounting for 6.3% of all gastric stromal tumors. The tumor is more likely to occur in the body of the stomach and usually originates from the gastric submucosal nerve. Most gastric schwannomas do not have any clinical symptoms. Imaging examination can play a diagnostic role, but the diagnosis still requires pathological examination, especially S-100 protein which is the gold standard for the diagnosis of gastric schwannomas. Gastric schwannoma usually needs to be distinguished from gastrointestinal stromal tumors and gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors. In terms of treatment, complete surgical resection is the first choice.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of self-made traditional Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, and its effect on the serum T cell subsets of patients.Methods:From November 2015 to November 2018, 104 patients with non-small cell lung cancer admitted to Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected in the research.They were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method, with 52 cases in each group.The control group was treated with arterial infusion chemotherapy, while the observation group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine decoction combined with traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture and moxibustion on the basis of chemotherapy.The clinical symptoms and serum T lymphocyte subsets of the two groups were observed and compared before and after treatment, and the adverse reactions of the two groups were recorded.Results:The symptom scores of the control group and the observation group were (8.49±2.43)points and (8.41±2.21)points, respectively, which were lower than those before treatment[(11.11±2.25)points and (6.23±2.02)points]( t=104.962, 82.738, all P<0.05). The symptom score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group( t=11.638, P<0.05). The incidence of liver function damage in the observation group was 15.38%(6/52), which was significantly lower than that in the control group[34.62%(13/52)](χ 2=5.128, P<0.05). After treatment, the immunologic indicators (CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+, CD 4+/CD 8+) in the observation group were (63.24±20.40)%, (35.16±5.02)%, (27.55±13.54)%, (1.28±0.32), respectively, which were significantly improved compared with before treatment[(51.14±15.58)%, (25.64±6.19)%, (36.04±12.65)% and (0.71±0.11)], the differences were statistically significant ( t=18.103, 58.675, 68.789, 19.573, all P<0.05). The improvements of immunological indicators in the observation group were better than those in the control group[(55.84±15.21)%, (28.79±4.23)%, (32.51±9.51)%, (0.89±0.15)], the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.097, 6.997, 2.162, 7.958, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine decoction combined with acupuncture and moxibustion can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, improve immune function and alleviate adverse reactions of chemotherapy in patients with stage Ⅲ B and Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Behcet's disease (BD) is an autoimmune disorder that causes most commonly mouth and genital ulcerations and erythema nodules of the skin and currently has limited options of therapeutic medicines. Metformin is recently reported to suppress immune reaction, and we hypothesized that metformin could be an option for treatment of BD. METHODS: Thirty patients with BD were enrolled in this perspective single-blinded, before-after study. We recorded the changes in the mucocutaneous activity index for BD (MAIBD), relapse frequency, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) after metformin treatment to assess the changes in the disease activity. We also analyzed the changes in the protein and mRNA expression levels of Foxp3, interleukin-35 (IL-35), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Ror-γt, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) in these patients using ELISA and qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Of the 30 patients enrolled, 26 completed the trial. After the treatment, favorable responses were achieved in 88.46% (23/26) of the patients, and partial remission was obtained in 11.54% (4/26) of them. During the treatment, 8 patients complained of gastrointestinal side effects, for which 4 chose to withdraw from the study in the first week. Our results showed that metformin treatment decreased MAIBD and relapse frequency in the patients, and significantly lowered the clinical inflammatory indexes including CRP and ESR. The results of ELISA and qRT-PCR revealed that metformin treatment obviously increased Foxp3 and TGF-β expressions at both the protein and mRNA levels and significantly decreased the levels of ROR-γt, IL-17 and TNF- as well as IL-35 level in these patients. CONCLUSIONS Metformin treatment relieves the clinical symptoms, reduces the inflammatory reaction indexes and regulates the Treg/Th17 axis in patients with BD, suggesting the potential of metformin as a candidate medicine for treatment of BD.
Behcet Syndrome ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Controlled Before-After Studies ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Interleukin-17 ; metabolism ; Interleukins ; metabolism ; Metformin ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Recurrence ; Single-Blind Method ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology ; Th17 Cells ; cytology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the feasibility of manual reduction with inverse shift for pronation-extorsion trimalleolar fracture by applying the finite element method combined with clinical experience. Methods Based on CT images and anatomical features of bone, ligaments and other tissues as well as material parameters, a normal ankle model with completed muscles and bones for a Chinese young male was established. According to the related characteristics of the pronation-extorsion trimalleolar fractures, fracture was simulated in the proper position to make osteotomy model. The finite element model of pronation-extorsion trimalleolar fractures was thus established and then applied with mechanical loading to simulate manual reduction with inverse shift. Results The established finite element model of pronation-extorsion trimalleolar fractures was effectively restored by the displacement loading. Conclusions The finite element analysis on pronation-extorsion trimalleolar fractures by inverse shift maneuver could further prove the feasibility, effectiveness and scientificity of manual reduction with inverse shift based on clinical experience.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of Behcet's disease (BD) with intestinal lesions to provides further reference for the diagnosis and treatment.Methods Four hundred and one cases of BD patients' data were collected including basic data,colonoscopy report,pathology diagnosis and hematologic examination.Statistical description of intestinal lesions was applied and analyzed for the differences between the locations and blood examinations of intestinal lesions.Results Within these 401 BD patients,88 (21.95 ％) with intestinal lesions.Intestinal ulcerations,including both active and inactive phase,appeared in 52 cases (12.97％) mostly founded in ileocecum,in which 62.86％ (22/ 401,5.49％ of all BD patients) without the abdominal discomfort.Compared with inactive phase,the active phase intestinal BD patients have higher inflammation indexes with C reactive protein (CRP) increased of statistical significance (P =0.028).Thirty-three cases (8.23 ％) with adenomas were founded,including tubular adenoma,serrated adenoma and villous adenoma.Mostly occurred in rectum,sigmoid colon,especially the sigmoid colon rectum junction.Adenomas were seen in eider patients with statistical significance compared to BD patients without intestinal lesion or with intestinal ulceration (P =0.022,0.000),and exhibited elder changes of lab tests,such as increas in aspartate aminotransferase (AST),gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and uric acid (UA).In addition,2 cases of melanosis coli and 1 case of caecal diverticulum were also founded.Conclusions BD patients with intestinal ulcer or adenoma takes a fairly high ratio,and most intestinal BD and BD with adenoma patients did not complaint related symptoms,so colonoscopy as a screening method for diagnosis and treatment of BD is necessary.

Objective To evaluate surgical treatment for different types of tumor of the suprarenal infrahepatic segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC).Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 8cases of IVC leiomyosarcoma at the suprarenal infrahepatic IVC segment.According to the extent of tumor invasion and collateral circulations,operations included tumor resection plus inferior vena cava reconstruction or tumor resection plus right nephrectomy.Results Tumors were completly resected in all patients.Renal function recovered after operation.During a follow up of 24 mons,7 cases had no recurrence.One case with recurrence after 12 months underwent successful resection and is doing well after a follow-up of 12 months.Conclusion CT and inferior vena cavography can determine the extent of tumor invasion and collateral circulations helping select appropriate surgical aproach before the operation resulting in less renal injury.

BACKGROUND:There is a lack of study on material properties and parameters of foot finite element models in China. Vernier caliper is a common method for measuring the width and thickness of ligaments and tendons to calculate the cross-sectional area.
OBJECTIVE:To design a new ligament cross-sectional area measuring instrument to improve the measurement accuracy.
METHODS:The cross-sectional area of the five fresh cadaver ankle ligaments was respectively measured using the new instrument and vernier caliper, and then a comparative analysis of the two measurement methods was performend.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cross-sectional area of anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, tibionavicular ligament and calcaneotibial ligament was (20.61±7.52), (22.38±11. 49), (33.09±9.91) and (28.20±10.88) mm2, respectively measured by the vernier caliper, and (17.59±4.03), (20.77±7.91), (28.08±8.14) and (30.39±7.98) mm2 by the new ligament cross-sectional area measuring instrument. These results suggest that this new measuring instrument is accurate, reliable and easy to operate, which can be used as a special instrument to measure ligament cross-sectional area, but further studies wil be necessary.

The bilateral idiopathic aldosteronism (IHA) is the most common subtype of aldosteronism.Spironolactone is the primary preferred agent due to the pathophysiology of IHA and the long-standing clinical experience over years.If patients faced with severe side effects of spironolactone or poorly controlled blood pressure by this first-line treatment,additional treatment alternative to spironolactone,second antihypertensive,as well as adrenalectomy are suggested.In recent years,several new agents were developed to treat IHA,such as aldosterone synthase inhibitor and eplerenone.This review introduces these new kinds of medicine in the treatment of IHA.