OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the pharmaceutical care needs of the elderly， thus providing a reference for improving the pharmaceutical care for the elderly. METHODS Based on the Kano model， a questionnaire was designed， and 1 200 community-dwelling elderly in the main urban area of Chongqing were selected as the survey subjects. The study analyzed the attributes and urgency of their pharmaceutical care needs to put forward optimization strategies. RESULTS A total of 1 200 questionnaires were distributed in the study， and 1 062 valid questionnaires were collected， with an effective response rate of 88.50%. The gender distribution of respondents was relatively balanced， with the majority aged between 60 and 69 （43.41%）， and generally possessing a relatively low level of educational attainment. The results showed that medication education and medication consultation were must-be needs； home-based pharmaceutical care was an expected need； drug reorganization， medication monitoring， pharmaceutical science popularization， and pharmaceutical ward round were attractive needs； internet-based pharmaceutical care was indifferent need. The urgent order of demand was medication education ＞ medication consultation ＞ home-based pharmaceutical care ＞ pharmaceutical science popularization ＞ drug reorganization ＞ medication monitoring ＞ pharmaceutical ward round ＞ internet-based pharmaceutical care. CONCLUSIONS The community elderly in Chongqing have high expectations for pharmaceutical care as a whole. Medical institutions should fully guarantee the two essential needs of medication education and medication consultation， and focus on ensuring the expected needs for home-based pharmaceutical care. Efforts should be made to develop the four attractive needs of pharmaceutical science popularization， drug reorganization， medication monitoring， and pharmaceutical ward round， and actively carry out age-friendly adaptations for internet-based pharmaceutical care.

Background Self-perceived burden,anxiety and depression are among the most important factors affecting quality of life.At present,there is a lack of understanding on the research status and influencing factors of self-perceived burden in liver transplant recipients.Previous studies have shown that self-perceived burden,anxiety,depression and quality of life are correlated in pairs,but the effecting path among the three are not yet clear.Objective To explore the correlation of self-perceived burden and anxiety/depression with quality of life in liver transplant recipients,so as to provide guidance for psychological nursing intervention in clinical patients.Methods A total of 200 patients liver transplant recipients were enrolled from the liver transplantation inpatient and outpatient clinics of Jiangsu Province Hospital and Qinhuai Medical Area,General Hosptial of Eastern Theater Command of People's Liberation Army of China from March 2022 to February 2023.Patients were evaluated using Self-perceived Burden Scale(SPBS),Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)and the Chinese version of Post Liver Transplant Quality of Life Questionnaire(pLTQ).Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation among the scales.A structural equation model using Mplus 8.3 was utilized to testify the relationship among self-perceived burden,anxiety/depression and quality of life in liver transplant recipients.Bootstrap method was used to test the effecting pathway.Results There were statistically significant differences in SPBS scores of liver transplant recipients with different levels of education and fannual family income(H=9.656,18.796,P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in HADS scores of liver transplant recipients with different numbers of somatic symptoms(H=9.859,P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the Chinese version of pLTQ scores of liver transplant recipients with different levels of education,postoperative survival time and numbers of somatic symptoms(H=6.892,8.023,16.099,P<0.05).The total and each dimension scores in SPBS of liver transplant recipients were positively correlated with the total score and anxiety/depression dimension scores in HADS(r=0.464～0.586,0.460～0.593,0.286～0.408,0.464～0.583,P<0.01)and negatively correlated with the total score and each dimension scores in the Chinese version of pLTQ(r=-0.572～-0.416,-0.599～-0.441,-0.365～-0.213,-0.559～-0.428,P<0.01).Structural equation model denoted that self-perceived burden negatively affected quality of life(β=-0.186,P<0.01).Anxiety/depression also negatively affected quality of life(β=-0.679,P<0.01).The self-perceived burden indirectly affected the quality of life of liver transplant recipients through anxiety and depression,with an effect value of-0.429,accounting for 69.76％of the total effect.Conclusion The quality of life in liver transplant recipients may be related to their self-perceived burden and anxiety/depression.Self-perceived burden may affect the quality of life of liver transplant patients through anxiety and depression.

We report the prenatal diagnosis and treatment of a case of primary right pulmonary deficiency. A routine ultrasound examination at 23 +6 weeks of gestation found an absent right lung, enlarged left lung, and dextroposition of the heart in a female fetus. Karyotype and chromosome microarray analysis of the amniotic fluid was normal. After multidisciplinary consultation, the pregnant woman chose to continue the pregnancy and had a normal delivery at 39 +2 gestational weeks. Apgar scores were ten at both 1 min and 5 min after birth, with no abnormal appearance of the baby, or signs of thoracic collapse other than no obvious respiratory sounds in the right lung. Both postnatal chest X-ray and CT scan indicated an undeveloped right lung. Cardiac ultrasonography revealed the absence of the right pulmonary artery and vein. The patient's breathing was stable during hospitalization and she was discharged eight days after birth. The infant was followed up at five months, and the growth and development were comparable to children of the same age.

Objective    To analyze the risk factors of the death associated with infective endocarditis, and to evaluate the timing of surgical treatment of infective endocarditis. Methods    We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 62 patients with infective endocarditis in our hospital between August 2015 and August 2017. There were 43 males and 19 females at age of 19–75 (46.1±16.6) years. The clinical data were divided into a death group and a survival group, a paravalvular leakage group and a no periannular leakage group, an emergency operation group and a non-emergency operation group.The risk factors of infective endocarditis and the choice of operation time were analyzed. Results    Three of the 62 patients (4.8%) died after surgery. Postoperative perivalvular leakage (regurgitation over 2 mm) in 8 patients, accounting for 12.9% of the total. Univariate analysis showed that albumin content, creatinine level, total cardiopulmonary bypass time and ascending aorta occlusion time were significantly associated with early postoperative mortality (P<0.05). The results of logistic analysis showed that age, preoperative albumin level, creatinine level, total cardiopulmonary bypass time, and ascending aorta occlusion time were significantly associated with early postoperative perivascular leakage (P<0.05), and long ascending aorta occlusion time is an independent risk factor for early death (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in early death and the perivalve leakage between the emergency operation and the non emergency operation. Conclusion    Patients with infective endocarditis should accept early surgical treatment. The choice of surgical approach should be selected according to the actual situation of patients. And we should pay more attention to albumin and creatinine levels in preoperative patients. In the operation, to shorten extracorporeal circulation  time and aortic clamping time can improve the prognosis of patients.

Misuse and abuse of veterinary antimicrobial agents have led to an alarming increase in bacterial resistance, clinical treatment failure, and drug residues. To address these problems, consistent and appropriate dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents are needed. Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) models have been widely used to establish rational dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents that can achieve effective prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases and avoid the development of bacterial resistance. This review introduces building methods for PK/PD models and describes current PK/PD research progress toward rational dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents. Finally, the challenges and prospects of PK/PD models in the design of dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents are reviewed. This review will help to increase awareness of PK/PD modeling among veterinarians and hopefully promote its development and future use.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacterial Infections ; Drug Residues ; Humans ; Treatment Failure ; Veterinarians

Objective To improve the quality standard of Taohong Tongmai granule.Methods TLC was used to make qualitative identification of Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Rehmanniae Radix,Glycyrrhizae Radix;The effective components of the main walnut kernel were identified by HPLC;and HPLC was used to do quantitative determination of Paeoniflorin,the determination was performed on Agilent HC-C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)column with mobile phase consisted of Acetonitrile-water(13:87) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 230 nm.Results These TLC spots were fairly clear,and the blank test showed no interference;The paeoniflorin at the range of 1·79-57.28 μg/ml was linear with peak area(r= 0.999 9),its average recovery rate was 99.99% and RSD was 2.05%(n= 9). Conclusion The quality standard of Taohong Tongmai granule had been improved,identification method was better reproduc-ibility,the determination method of paeoniflorin content had enhanced the controllability of product quality.

Infective endocarditis is a serious cardiovascular infectious diseases,neoplasm abscission often leading to organs embolism,such as brain,lung and kidney embolism.And then it usually leads organ failure,which is a fatal disease that seriously affect the life quality of patients,even death.The conventional view is that infective endocarditis often requires early anti infection treatment and surgical procedures after the treatment is ineffective.By reviewing the relevant literature,we found that the surgical treatment of infective endocarditis is effective.Early diagnosis,early regular course of anti infection treatment and early surgery can often improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To improve quality standard of Fufang Shenghua granules.Methods TLC was used to identify chief components in the preparation, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae and Salvia Miltiorrhiza.HPLC was applied to identify Amarogentin and to determine the content of Salvianolic acid B.Salvianolic acid B assay was performed on Agilent HC-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column with Acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (23∶77)as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.The column temperature was 30 ℃.The detection wavelength was set at 286 nm.Results The spots on TLC were fairly clear with good separation.There was no interference from the negative control samples.However, HPLC was a more accurate, reliable and objective method for qualitative identification.Salvianolic acid B showed a good linear correlation in the range of 1.56~49.92 μg/ml (r=0.999 9).The average recovery was 100.07%, RSD 1.61% (n=9).Conclusion A simple, accurate and reliable method was developed for the quality control of Fufang Shenghua granules.

OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of Maspin in invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS) and the value of Maspin in the diagnosis of IFRS. METHODS Forty two cases of fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) were set as the experimental group, which included 12 cases of IFRS and 30 cases of noninvasive fungal rhino-sinusitis (NIFRS). At the same time, 30 cases of chronic rhino-sinusitis were set as control group. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of Maspin. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the expression of Maspin in FRS group decreased statistically (t=-3.367, P<0.05). The IFRS group, compared with other two groups, had the lowest expression of Maspin (t=-3.390, P<0.05; t=-4.143, P<0.05). By using Maspin score of 5.70 as the cut-off point, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of IFRS was 91.7% and 88.3% respectively. CONCLUSION The expression of Maspin is very low in IFRS group. Down-regulation of Maspin expression may be a potential indicator for diagnosis of IFRS.

Objective To establish a quality standard for Ganmao granules of hospital preparations .Methods Radix Scutellariae ,cortex phellodendri and radix bupleuri were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) qualitatively .High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the content of baicalin .The determination was performed on Agilent HC-C18 column (250 mm × 4 .6 mm ,5 μm) at 30 ℃ with mobile phase composed of methanol-0 .2% phosphoric acid (43∶57) at the flow rate of 1 .0 ml/min .The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm .Results In TLC chromatograms ,the spectra of different test products had spots of the same color at corresponding sites ,with no interference from negative control .A good linearity range of baicalin was 1 .81~72 .40 μg/ml (r=0 .999 9) .The average recovery rate was 98 .55% (RSD=1 .91% ,n=9) .Conclusion The quality standard was established and the method of identification has good reproducibility .The method of determination of baicalin content improved the controllability of formulated quality of Ganmao granules .