In the traditional cadaver dissection course, it is hard to demonstrate dissection skills to all the medical students because of limitations such as the high ratio of students to instructors and the lack of facilities. To overcome these limitations, we developed a digital anatomy dissection course. Through this system, it was possible to perform effective instruction of anatomic dissection. This method could provide the appropriate teaching in a short period of time. Furthermore, students can review the dissection course on digital files saved on a CD-ROM. Clinical cadaveric workshops can be provided by this method not only for students but also for continuing medical education for clinicians.
Cadaver ; CD-ROM ; Education, Medical, Continuing ; Humans ; Students, Medical

Presently, media for sanitation education consisting of a sanitation manual and a CD-ROM intended for restaurant employers and employees was developed and evaluated. The sanitation manual consisted of five principles: prevention of foodborne illness, personal hygiene, control of food production, instrument and equipment cleaning and sanitation, and management of environmental sanitation. The CD-ROM was composed of animations detailed real-life examples of Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Norovirus foodborned illness outbreaks; slides summarizing the five principles of the manual; and a poster entitled You can prevent foodborne illness listing and describing the principles. A 15 question evaluation survey was developed to gauge the efficacy of the animations. The survey was divided into five sections on comprehension of the instructions, content organization concerning understanding, content organization concerning the information presented, content organization concerning retention of interest (concentration), and recommendations concerning concentration. Ranked on a 5-point scale the survey produced a mean value of 3.80+/-0.39 and individual scores of 3.92+/-0.45 (learning instruction), 3.86+/-0.48 (understanding), 3.82+/-0.52 (information), 3.75+/-0.49 (concentration), and 3.67+/-0.58 (concentration-recommendation). Overall, evaluation results of the animation were good and easy to understand, with only a few respondents electing to watch the animations more than once. In terms of continuous and recurring education, sanitation training programs should be easy to learn and contain sufficient and specific examples of the importance of sanitation in achieving food safety.
CD-ROM ; Comprehension ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Norovirus ; Restaurants ; Retention (Psychology) ; Salmonella ; Sanitation ; Staphylococcus aureus

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of malpractice claims related to hemopneumothorax and to identify the causes and potential preventability of such claims. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study was performed by reviewing the records in the Lawnb website and Lx CD-rom: the records on closed malpractice claims involving hemopneumothorax were abstracted from the files available for analysis. The records were reviewed and were analysed to determine the etiology of hemopneumothorax, patient age, results of lawsuit and indemnity payment, underlying diseases, cause of death or complications, and the factors associated with a successful defense. RESULT: Seven closed claim involving hemopneumothorax were founded in the data for malpractice. Three claims were supreme court decision, one was a high court decision and three claims were district court decision. The most common cause of death was tension pneumothorax. Four of which resulted in indemnity payments. CONCLUSION: While malpractice claims involving hemopneumothorax were uncommon, they resulted in a high rate and amount of indemnity payments. Claims are more common in pediatric patients. In case of iatrogenic hemopneumothorax, post-procedural X-ray can improve patient outcome and is also associated with decreased indemnity risks. Informed consent is also important.
Cause of Death ; CD-ROM ; Hemopneumothorax* ; Hemothorax ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Jurisprudence ; Malpractice ; Pneumothorax ; Retrospective Studies ; Supreme Court Decisions

The purpose of this study was to develop various nutrition education materials, including an animated CD, for day care center children and their teachers and in order to apply the nutrition education programs systematically. We evaluated the effect of the nutrition education programs on nutrition knowledge in the first year, and the effect of the nutrition education programs on nutrition knowledge, food attitudes and eating behaviors in the second year in day care center children. In the first year, nutrition education foundational materials, such as the animated CD-ROM, videotape, textbook, panels, posters, slogans, leaflets, picture disks, hand puppets, stickers for compensation and poster boards were developed. The subjects were 537 children (286 boys, 251 girls) aged four to six years. In the second year, nutrition education materials, such as the animated CD-ROM and textbook were developed. The nutrition education group included 368 children (177 boys, 191 girls) aged four to six years, and the comparison group consisted of 108 children (54 boys, 54 girls). Regarding the nutrition knowledge test results in the first year, the pre-test mean of children was 6.82, however, the post-test mean was 11.35 and showed a significant increase (p < 0.001). Regarding the nutrition knowledge test and the food attitude test results in the second year, the nutrition education group had significantly higher scores than the comparison group in a post-test (p < 0.001). For the eating behavior test results, the post-test means between the comparison group and the nutrition education group were not significant. The test results show that several months of nutrition education is not enough to improve eating behaviors. As a result, nutrition education has improved nutrition knowledge and food attitudes in day care center children but short-term nutrition education was not sufficient to induce a change in eating behaviors. To improve eating behaviors in day care center children, nutrition education programs must be applied to day care center children in addition to their parents and persistent education will have to be continued.
CD-ROM ; Child* ; Compensation and Redress ; Day Care, Medical* ; Education* ; Feeding Behavior ; Hand ; Humans ; Parents ; Play and Playthings ; Videotape Recording

BACKGROUND: We describe the characteristics of malpractice claims related to central venous catheterization and identify causes and potential preventability of such claims. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed by reviewing records at Lawnb and Lx CD-rom. The records on closed malpractice claim related to central venous catheterization were abstracted from the files available for analysis. The records were reviewed and were analysed to determine the factors associated with a successful defense. RESULTS: Twelve closed claim cases, related to central venous cathetertization were reviewed in the data for malpractice. Catheter-related complications were pneumothorax, hemothorax, cardiac tamponade, pyothorax, hematoma due to arterial puncture, pseudoaneurysm. Almost cases resulted in indemnity payment and verdict for patient. CONCLUSIONS: Although malpractice claims related to central venous catheterization were uncommon, they resulted in high rate and amount of indemnity payments. In pediatric patient, catheterization should be performed with attention. Clinicians should consider the underlying disease of patients and do any pretreatment if needed. Post-procedural radiologic confirmation can improve patient outcome and is also associated with decreased indemnity risk. Informed consent is also important.
Aneurysm, False ; Cardiac Tamponade ; Catheterization ; Catheterization, Central Venous* ; Catheters ; CD-ROM ; Central Venous Catheters* ; Empyema, Pleural ; Hematoma ; Hemothorax ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Malpractice ; Pneumothorax ; Punctures ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is one of the most fundamental and important subjects in cardiovascular surgery. Thus, it is insufficient to understand CPB through only traditional education methods as a comprehensive knowledge based on anatomy and physiology of the circulating system and surgical techniques is essential. The aim of this study was to develop a multimedia CPB teaching program for a more rewarding learning experience. METHODS: Among all teaching materials, text and picture-based lectures, movies on surgical procedures, and animations were chosen to be included in the teaching programs. Firstly, we made lecture notes and a powerpoint lecture with narration. Secondly, we made and edited movie files on surgical procedures, and incorporated sound in the movies. Thirdly, we developed animation files including all CPB procedures using flash 5.0. Finally we made a CD ROM and a web page for CPB and other basic surgical techniques. A basic wurgical procedures Self-test was also included. Questionnaires were given to medical students to evaluate the effectiveness and the ease of use of this program. RESULTS: The developed CPB educational program was distributed in a CD-ROM. An internet homepage (http: //surgery.chungbuk.ac.kr) for basic surgical procedures was constructed with the multimedia CPB lecture. The results of the questionnaires were positive, Proving the improved understanding of CPB. CONCLUSION: This multimedia education program on CPB not only can help medical students to easily understand the structures and principles involved in CPB, but also give indirect experience of this surgical procedure.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; CD-ROM ; Education ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Lectures ; Multimedia* ; Narration ; Physiology ; Reward ; Students, Medical ; Teaching Materials ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the effects of a CD-ROM educational program for the prevention of sexual violence in relation to the sexual knowledge of middle school students. METHOD: A one group, pre-test-post-test design was used. The subjects of this study were 171 middle school students in Kangwon Province, Korea. The questionnaire included 34 items relating to overall sexual knowledge, and included questions on sexual violence. The collected data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation and paired-t tests. RESULT: There were significant differences in the sexual knowledge by demographic characteristics between the pre- and post-tests. Of the 34 items, 20 showed significant differences in the sexual knowledge between the pre- and post-tests. CONCLUSION: The overall level of sexual knowledge of the students increased after taking the CD-ROM educational program. Further testing will be required to determine the effects of the CD-ROM using a control group and random sampling.
CD-ROM* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sex Offenses*

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for cancer and vascular disease but, a correctable habit. Despite widespread recognition of the hazardous health effects of smoking, Korean men and adolescents' smoking rates are not decreasing and is, emerging as a public health problem. Health care managers in schools and factories are expected to play a critical role in smoking cessation. Health education is one important area that will benefit from using a personal computer (PC). To promote smoking cessation, specified and risk-based approaches are considered to encourage the motivation of smokers. METHODS: This smoking cessation software (CD-Rom) was developed for health care managers in schools and factories using Microsoft Visual Basic and Access. RESULTS: This program divided into two major categories. Part one is a library of various kinds of information about smoking such as articles, lecture notes, pictures, slides, mp3 and motion files. The other part was an autonomous smoking cessation prescription program. This program analyzed smokers' smoking pattern (using WHY test), nicotine addiction level (using Fagerstrom score), stress level (using BEPSI test), and smokers' confidence level. After input of smoker's history by oneself, the program showed smoking cessation prescription automatically in monitor or printer. CONCLUSION: Health care managers in schools and factories can be experts of smoking cessation easily with this program in their work places.
CD-ROM ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Microcomputers* ; Motivation ; Nicotine ; Prescriptions ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Vascular Diseases ; Workplace

PURPOSE: This study was to developed to create a CD-ROM and an educational program for the prevention of sexual harassment and violence and to contribute to the perception and add to the coping of the victims of sexual harassment and violence as well as the child, parents, and teachers. METHOD: The study's methods were literature reviews, surveys, and assessments of the negotiation process for educational needs of sexual harassed and abused children. RESULT: The sexual harassment and violence prevention program will contain four subjects : 1) sexual development of a preschool child, 2) characteristics of sexual harassment and violence of a preschool child, 3) safe sex, early detection of sexual violence syndrome, and coping strategies. The CD-RON was composed from three sites. The first was a child site, the second was a parent/teacher site, and the third was a game site for evaluations. The child site consisted of 10 possible scenarios of sexual harassment and violence that a child could experience. The parent/teacher site consisted of knowledge and information for prevention and coping strategies for sexual harassment and violence. At the end of each situation question and answer sections that were used for formative evaluation. Also, the game site could be a summative evaluation. CONCLUSION: The effects of this program and the CD-ROM were based of the promotion of reverence for humanity and gender equality for preschool childen. Eventually, children, parents, and teachers will have prevention and coping ability that will reduce the occurrence of sexual harassment and violence in Korea.
CD-ROM* ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Humans ; Korea ; Negotiating ; Parents ; Safe Sex ; Sex Offenses* ; Sexual Development ; Sexual Harassment* ; Violence

The authors have made a CD-ROM titled 'Atlas of Pathology (AP)' for medical students to understand histopathologic findings with ease. We used a 35 mm film scanner to convert an existing file into digital images. A pathologist and two professional programmers collaborated to create the program 'AtlasMaster 1.0' based on (IBM) PC for organization of previously captured digital images. Minimum system requirement for the 'AP' was Pentium II 166 MHz, 32 MB RAM, Windows 95 or 98, 800 600 resolution, 16-bit color, 20 speed CD-ROM drive. The 'AP' was composed of a execution file (Pathology_Atlas.exe), a DB file (pathology.mdb), and reference files (*.bmp, *.jpg, *.txt). The DB file contained fields for chapter, section, disease entity, and information for location of reference files. About 1,000 color images for various kinds of gross and microscopic pictures were stored in the CD-ROM and those were classified according to the chapters, sections, and disease entities. The 'AP' was easy to manipulate, and had advantages of self-learning for students. It could be applied to other fields in which many images were dealt with, such as histology, radiology, endoscopy, dermatology, and plastic surgery. The 'AP' was handy and very useful for medical students to study pathology and it would be a powerful self-learning tool.
CD-ROM* ; Dermatology ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Pathology ; Students, Medical* ; Surgery, Plastic