Objective: This study enrolls diverse hospitals and analyzes the differences in meal provision and nutrition management services for patients with dysphagia. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted by mail and mobile for 850 medical institutions, and data were collected from 217 hospitals. We analyzed the status of the dysphagia diet and nutrition management by considering the type of hospital. Results: Among the hospitals surveyed, 167 (77%) provided texture-modified diets for dysphagia patients. The status of providing dysphagia diets and nutrition management for dysphagia differed depending on the institution. In particular, nutrition services for dysphagia patients in long-term care hospitals were poor. Difficulties in providing a dysphagia diet included the complexity of the cooking process, difficulty maintaining constant viscosity, difficulty in hygiene management, and low meal bills. Using commercial thickeners in cooking accounted for 72.5%, and only 41.9% of hospitals provided a commercial thickener with meals. Compared to the regular diet, the additional food cost to provide a single dysphagia diet meal was estimated to be 500-1,000 won. Based on a 5-point scale, we determined that the average scores for the importance and performance of nutrition management in patients with dysphagia were 4.29 and 3.19 points, respectively. Regardless of the type of hospital, performances of all the steps in the nutrition care process were significantly lower than their importance. Conclusion Several difficulties are encountered in meal provision and nutrition management for patients with dysphagia, including the burden of expenses and human resources. Thus, the medical fees for a dysphagia diet need to be reasonably increased. Moreover, national health insurance should additionally cover nutrition education for dysphagia patients.

With advancement of minimal invasive surgery, a simultaneous laparoscopy-assisted resection for colorectal cancer and metastasis has become feasible. Hence, we report three cases of simultaneous laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer with liver or lung metastasis. In the first case, laparoscopic right hemicolectomy and left lateral segmentectomy of liver was performed for ascending colon cancer and liver metastasis. In the second case, laparoscopic right hemicolectomy and wedge resection of right lower lung was performed for cecal cancer and lung metastasis. In the third case, laparoscopic right hemicolectomy and wedge resection of left lower lung was performed for ascending colon cancer and lung metastasis. In the first two cases, patients quickly returned to normal activity. In the third case, postoperative bleeding was observed, but spontaneously stopped. There was no postoperative mortality. Simultaneous laparoscopic surgery represents a feasible option for colorectal cancer with metastases on the other organs.
Cecal Neoplasms ; Colon, Ascending ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Liver ; Lung ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

BACKGROUND: Rocuronium has been well known to produce withdrawal response in 50-80% patients when administered intravenously. Several drugs are administered prior injection of rocuronium to prevent the withdrawal response. We compared the preventive effect of lidocaine, ketamine, and remifentanil on the withdrawal response of rocuronium. METHODS: A total of 120 patients undergoing various elective surgeries were enrolled. Patients were allocated into 4 groups according to the pretreatment drugs (Group N, normal saline; Groups L, lidocaine 40 mg; Group K, ketamine 0.5 mg/kg; Group R, remifentanil 1 microg/kg). Patients received drugs prepared by dilution to 3 ml volume before injection of rocuronium. Withdrawal responses after injection of rocuronium were graded on a 4-point scale. Hemodynamic changes were observed before and after administration of pretreatment drugs and after endotracheal intubation. RESULTS: Incidence of withdrawal response was significantly lower in group L (20%), group K (30%), and group R (0%), than group N (87%). Severe withdrawal response was observed in 5 of the 30 patients (17%) in group L, and in 9 of the 30 patients (30%) in group K. There was no severe withdrawal response in group R. Mean blood pressure and heart rate were significantly decreased in group R compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that remifentanil (1 microg/kg intravenously) was the strongest and most effective in prevention of withdrawal response after rocuronium injection among the 3 drugs.
Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Ketamine* ; Lidocaine*

BACKGROUND: It has been known that positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increases the vasoconstriction threshold by baroreceptor unloading. We compared the effect on the thermoregulatory responses according to anesthetic techniques between an inhalation anesthesia with desflurane and a total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and reminfentanil when PEEP was applied in patients undergoing tympanoplasty. METHODS: Forty-six patients with a scheduled tympanoplasty were enrolled and the patients were divided in two study groups. Desflurane was used as an inhalation anesthetic in group 1 (n = 22), while TIVA with propofol and remifentanil was used in group 2 (n = 24). PEEP was applied by 5 cmH2O in both groups and an ambient temperature was maintained at 22-24degrees C during surgery. The core temperature and the difference of skin temperature between forearm and fingertip were monitored for about 180 minutes before and after the induction of general anesthesia. RESULTS: The final core temperature was significantly higher in group 2 (35.4 +/- 0.7degrees C) than in group 1 (34.9 +/- 0.5degrees C). Peripheral thermoregulatory vasoconstriction was found in 5 subjects (23%) in group 1 and in 21 subjects (88%) in group 2. The time taken for reaching the thermoregulatory vasoconstriction threshold was 151.4 +/- 19.7 minutes in group 1 and 88.9 +/- 14.4 minutes in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: When PEEP will be applied, anesthesia with TIVA may have more advantages in core temperature preservation than an inhalation anesthesia with desflurane.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Inhalation* ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Forearm ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Pressoreceptors ; Propofol ; Skin Temperature ; Tympanoplasty* ; Vasoconstriction

The study was designed to investigate the effect of serum glucose, insulin and insulin resistance on the risk of prostate cancer (CaP) and on the clinicopathological characteristics in Korean men. Subjects were retrospectively recruited from 166 CaP patients underwent radical prostatectomy and 166 age-matched benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. The serum was taken on the morning of the day of operation and insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Men in highest tertile of insulin was associated with 55% reduced odds of CaP than those with the lowest tertile (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23-0.89, P = 0.022). The patients in highest tertile of insulin had a more than 5.6 fold risk of locally advanced stage than those in the lowest tertile (OR = 5.62, 95% CI = 1.88-16.83, P = 0.002). Moreover, the patients in the highest tertile HOMA-IR group was associated with an increased risk of locally advanced stage than the lowest tertile group (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.07-8.99, P = 0.037). These results suggest that elevated insulin and insulin resistance are associated with the advanced pathological stage of prostate cancer in Korean patients.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Humans ; Insulin/*blood ; *Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Odds Ratio ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/etiology/*pathology ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

A 31-year-old man was referred for further management of a urethral stricture. He was a victim of a traffic accident and his urethral injury was associated with a pelvic bone fracture. He had previously undergone a suprapubic cystostomy only owing to his unstable general condition at another hospital. After 3 months of urethral injury, direct urethral anastomosis was attempted, but the surgery failed. An additional 4 failed internal urethrotomies were performed before the patient visited Chungbuk National University Hospital. Preoperative images revealed complete posterior urethral disruption, and the defect length was 4 cm. We performed a buccal mucosa tubal graft without anastomosis of the proximal urethra for a long segment posterior urethral defect. The Foley catheter was removed 3 weeks after the operation and the patient was able to void successfully. After 8 months, he had normal voiding function without urinary incontinence.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Catheters ; Cystostomy ; Humans ; Mouth Mucosa ; Pelvic Bones ; Transplants ; Urethra ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Incontinence

A 69-year-old man with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) received docetaxel and a corticosteroid. After the third cycle of docetaxel administration, he presented with dyspnea, cough, sputum, and fever of 39.2degrees C. The chest X-ray and chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a diffuse reticulonodular shadow in both lungs, which suggested interstitial pneumonitis. Initially, we used empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics and high-dose corticosteroids. However, his condition progressively became worse and he was transferred to the intensive care unit, intubated, and placed on mechanical ventilation. He died 4 days after hospital admission. Here we report this case of fatal interstitial pneumonitis after treatment with docetaxel for CRPC. We briefly consider docetaxel-induced pneumonitis to make physicians aware of the possibility of pulmonary toxicity so that appropriate treatment can be begun as soon as possible.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Pneumonia ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Respiration, Artificial ; Sputum ; Taxoids ; Thorax

PURPOSE: We evaluated the value of a combined approach of T1-weighted (T1W) imaging, T2-weighted (T2W) imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the detection of prostate cancer and extracapsular extension (ECE) in patients with prostate cancer by using pathologic data after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 2009 to December 2011, 126 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and prostate MRI for prostate cancer were analyzed retrospectively. The MRI findings were compared with the pathologic findings of the radical prostatectomy specimens in each patient. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the detection of prostate cancer and extracapsular extension were analyzed. RESULTS: The prostate cancer detection rate by use of T1W and T2W imaging, DCE-MRI, and their combination was 65.1%, 69.0%, and 80.2%, respectively (p=0.023). The detection rate using T1W and T2W imaging, DCE-MRI, DWI, and their combination was 57.7%, 65.4%, 67.3%, and 80.8%, respectively (p=0.086). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of combination MRI (T1W, T2W, and DCE-MRI) for ECE were 46.4%, 91.4%, 83.9%, and 68.1%, respectively. The sensitivity of combination MRI (T1W, T2W, and DCE-MRI) for ECE tended to increase as the prostate-specific antigen level rose (p=0.010). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of combination MRI (T1W, T2W, DCE-MRI, and DWI) for ECE were 65.0%, 87.5%, 76.5%, and 80.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A combined approach of T1W, T2W, and DCE-MRI with DWI demonstrated an accurate detection rate of prostate cancer. Also, combination approaches showed a high specificity for predicting ECE, although sensitivity was relatively lower. Therefore, these methods are reliable for predicting prostate cancer. However, a new protocol is necessary to enhance the sensitivity for predicting ECE.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Urachal adenocarcinomas are very rare and about one third of these neoplasms arise in urachal remnants. To demonstrate the origin of the urachal adenocarcinoma is not easy, but it is very important for managing patient care. We report on a 35-year-old man who complained of a palpable mass in the periumbilical area. The mass was incidentally identified 10 days earlier. Computed tomography revealed a well-defined enhancing mass with internal calcification and septation abutting on the dome of the urinary bladder. The clinical diagnosis was urachal cancer, which seemed to invade the urinary bladder. Thus, we performed mass excision and partial resection of the bladder. Histopathologically, the mass was diagnosed as mucinous cystadenocarcinoma originating from urachal remnants that showed an unusual expression of alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase (AMACR). To our knowledge, this report is the first case of AMACR-expressing urachal adenocarcinoma arising in the abdominal wall.
Abdominal Wall* ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Adult ; Biomarkers ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Patient Care ; Urachus ; Urinary Bladder

Urachal adenocarcinomas are very rare and about one third of these neoplasms arise in urachal remnants. To demonstrate the origin of the urachal adenocarcinoma is not easy, but it is very important for managing patient care. We report on a 35-year-old man who complained of a palpable mass in the periumbilical area. The mass was incidentally identified 10 days earlier. Computed tomography revealed a well-defined enhancing mass with internal calcification and septation abutting on the dome of the urinary bladder. The clinical diagnosis was urachal cancer, which seemed to invade the urinary bladder. Thus, we performed mass excision and partial resection of the bladder. Histopathologically, the mass was diagnosed as mucinous cystadenocarcinoma originating from urachal remnants that showed an unusual expression of alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase (AMACR). To our knowledge, this report is the first case of AMACR-expressing urachal adenocarcinoma arising in the abdominal wall.
Abdominal Wall* ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Adult ; Biomarkers ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Patient Care ; Urachus ; Urinary Bladder