Objective: We aimed to present the study design and baseline cross-sectional participant characteristics of biobank innovations for chronic cerebrovascular disease with Alzheimer’s disease study (BICWALZS) participants. Methods: A total of 1,013 participants were enrolled in BICWALZS from October 2016 to December 2020. All participants underwent clinical assessments, basic blood tests, and standardized neuropsychological tests (n=1,013). We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, n=817), brain amyloid positron emission tomography (PET, n=713), single nucleotide polymorphism microarray chip (K-Chip, n=949), locomotor activity assessment (actigraphy, n=200), and patient-derived dermal fibroblast sampling (n=175) on a subset of participants. Results: The mean age was 72.8 years, and 658 (65.0%) were females. Based on clinical assessments, total of 168, 534, 211, 80, and 20 had subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s dementia, vascular dementia, and other types of dementia or not otherwise specified, respectively. Based on neuroimaging biomarkers and cognition, 199, 159, 78, and 204 were cognitively normal (CN), Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related cognitive impairment, vascular cognitive impairment, and not otherwise specified due to mixed pathology (NOS). Each group exhibited many differences in various clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging results at baseline. Baseline characteristics of BICWALZS participants in the MCI, AD, and vascular dementia groups were generally acceptable and consistent with 26 worldwide dementia cohorts and another independent AD cohort in Korea. Conclusion The BICWALZS is a prospective and longitudinal study assessing various clinical and biomarker characteristics in older adults with cognitive complaints. Details of the recruitment process, methodology, and baseline assessment results are described in this paper.

Acute confusional migraine (ACM) is a rare type of migraine variant. It is primary seen in adolescent with migraine history. The specific symptom is an acute confusional mental change after acute onset headache. Symptoms include decreased alertness, disorientation, speech disturbance, agitation, difficulty in recognizing family and familiar locations, and amnesia. Patients mainly visit to emergency department due to acute mental problems. But there are no specific findings in neuroradiologic examinations and laboratory tests in ACM patients. And ACM is not widely known disease to physicians. So it takes long time to exclude other disorders and dysfunctions until to reach the diagnosis. Patient’s history of migraine, family history, and spontaneous relief of symptoms after deep sleep without medication can be helpful in diagnosis. We experienced a rare case of ACM of 13-year-old male patient, therefore we report the case with literature review.

Acute confusional migraine (ACM) is a rare type of migraine variant. It is primary seen in adolescent with migraine history. The specific symptom is an acute confusional mental change after acute onset headache. Symptoms include decreased alertness, disorientation, speech disturbance, agitation, difficulty in recognizing family and familiar locations, and amnesia. Patients mainly visit to emergency department due to acute mental problems. But there are no specific findings in neuroradiologic examinations and laboratory tests in ACM patients. And ACM is not widely known disease to physicians. So it takes long time to exclude other disorders and dysfunctions until to reach the diagnosis. Patient’s history of migraine, family history, and spontaneous relief of symptoms after deep sleep without medication can be helpful in diagnosis. We experienced a rare case of ACM of 13-year-old male patient, therefore we report the case with literature review.

To prevent the spread of influenza among infants and adolescents attending kindergartens and schools, proper quarantining of those who are ill is necessary. In this study, the rapid antigen test (RAT) was performed in patients to investigate the factors affecting the duration of virus shedding. The study included pediatric patients who were diagnosed with influenza by RAT at Daedong Hospital between November 2016 and April 2019. We identified the influenza subtype, age, gender, fever duration, oseltamivir medications, and time gap between fever subsided and RAT examination through chart review. A total of 330 patients were examined at discharge. The average age for RAT positive and negative patients was 6.32 ± 4.26 years and 8.47 ± 4.54 years, respectively. The average duration of fever for the RAT positive patients was 3.84 ± 1.09 days, and for those who were RAT negative was 4.191 ± 1.39. The average number of doses oseltamivir for RAT positive and negative patients was 7.68 ± 1.57 and 8.72 ± 1.37, respectively. The RAT was performed 24 to 48 hours after fever subsided (TG 24–48H group). At this time, 60 patients were positive and the rate of positive expression was 55.56%. Of the TG 48–72H group, 36 patients (26.09%) were positive. Of the TG 72–96H group, 18 patients (21.43%) were positive. Age, fever duration, number of doses oseltamivir and time gap after fever subsided were the factors that influenced the duration of influenza virus shedding. These factors should be considered during the quarantining influenza patients.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Child ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Oseltamivir ; Pediatrics ; Rats ; Virus Shedding

To prevent the spread of influenza among infants and adolescents attending kindergartens and schools, proper quarantining of those who are ill is necessary. In this study, the rapid antigen test (RAT) was performed in patients to investigate the factors affecting the duration of virus shedding. The study included pediatric patients who were diagnosed with influenza by RAT at Daedong Hospital between November 2016 and April 2019. We identified the influenza subtype, age, gender, fever duration, oseltamivir medications, and time gap between fever subsided and RAT examination through chart review. A total of 330 patients were examined at discharge. The average age for RAT positive and negative patients was 6.32 ± 4.26 years and 8.47 ± 4.54 years, respectively. The average duration of fever for the RAT positive patients was 3.84 ± 1.09 days, and for those who were RAT negative was 4.191 ± 1.39. The average number of doses oseltamivir for RAT positive and negative patients was 7.68 ± 1.57 and 8.72 ± 1.37, respectively. The RAT was performed 24 to 48 hours after fever subsided (TG 24–48H group). At this time, 60 patients were positive and the rate of positive expression was 55.56%. Of the TG 48–72H group, 36 patients (26.09%) were positive. Of the TG 72–96H group, 18 patients (21.43%) were positive. Age, fever duration, number of doses oseltamivir and time gap after fever subsided were the factors that influenced the duration of influenza virus shedding. These factors should be considered during the quarantining influenza patients.

To prevent the spread of influenza among infants and adolescents attending kindergartens and schools, proper quarantining of those who are ill is necessary. In this study, the rapid antigen test (RAT) was performed in patients to investigate the factors affecting the duration of virus shedding. The study included pediatric patients who were diagnosed with influenza by RAT at Daedong Hospital between November 2016 and April 2019. We identified the influenza subtype, age, gender, fever duration, oseltamivir medications, and time gap between fever subsided and RAT examination through chart review. A total of 330 patients were examined at discharge. The average age for RAT positive and negative patients was 6.32 ± 4.26 years and 8.47 ± 4.54 years, respectively. The average duration of fever for the RAT positive patients was 3.84 ± 1.09 days, and for those who were RAT negative was 4.191 ± 1.39. The average number of doses oseltamivir for RAT positive and negative patients was 7.68 ± 1.57 and 8.72 ± 1.37, respectively. The RAT was performed 24 to 48 hours after fever subsided (TG 24–48H group). At this time, 60 patients were positive and the rate of positive expression was 55.56%. Of the TG 48–72H group, 36 patients (26.09%) were positive. Of the TG 72–96H group, 18 patients (21.43%) were positive. Age, fever duration, number of doses oseltamivir and time gap after fever subsided were the factors that influenced the duration of influenza virus shedding. These factors should be considered during the quarantining influenza patients.

PURPOSE: Bisphosphonate (BP) is the first-line therapy for the management of osteoporosis. BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) and atypical femoral fracture (AFF) are increasingly common comorbidities in patients with osteoporosis under long-term BP treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for AFF features on bone scintigraphy in patients with BRONJ.METHODS: Among total of 373 BRONJ patients treated between September 2005 and July 2014, 237 (220 women, 17 men; median age 73 years) who underwent three-phase bone scintigraphy were enrolled for this retrospective study. AFF features on bone scintigraphy and the related clinical factors were assessed.RESULTS: Among 237 patients with BRONJ, 11 (4.6%) showed AFF features on bone scintigraphy. BP medication duration (p = 0.049) correlated significantly with AFF features on bone scintigraphy in patients with BRONJ. BP intake duration of 34 months was the cutoff value for predicting the presence of AFF features on bone scintigraphy. Among the patients with BRONJ, all those with AFF features on bone scintigraphy were female patients with osteoporosis who were on oral BP medication; however, these factors were not significantly different along with AFF features on bone scintigraphy.CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of AFF features on bone scintigraphy was relatively high in patients with BRONJ. A careful observation of patients presenting with the AFF features on bone scintigraphy may be needed, particularly for female BRONJ patients with osteoporosis who have been on BP medication for over 34 months.
Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jaw ; Male ; Osteonecrosis ; Osteoporosis ; Prevalence ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of periosteal fixation in patients with large-angle paralytic strabismus that was not corrected through conventional strabismus surgery. METHODS: Four eyes of three patients with large-angle paralytic strabismus who underwent periosteal fixation from June 2014 to August 2014 were examined. All patients presented with exotropia > 50 prism diopters (PD). Two of them showed exotropia caused by chronic complete oculomotor nerve palsy; the other two showed exotropia caused by medial rectus muscle injury during endoscopic sinus surgery. RESULTS: The mean preoperative exodeviation using the Krimsky test was 58 ± 29 PD. The postoperative values were 6.5 ± 9.4 PD at 1 week, and 11.25 ± 2.5 PD at 6 months. The mean surgical effect of exodeviation was 43.75 ± 21.36 PD. CONCLUSIONS: Periosteal fixation is an effective surgery for the management of paralytic strabismus that was not corrected through conventional strabismus surgery.
Exotropia ; Humans ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Strabismus

PURPOSE: Bisphosphonate (BP) is the first-line therapy for the management of osteoporosis. BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) and atypical femoral fracture (AFF) are increasingly common comorbidities in patients with osteoporosis under long-term BP treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for AFF features on bone scintigraphy in patients with BRONJ. METHODS: Among total of 373 BRONJ patients treated between September 2005 and July 2014, 237 (220 women, 17 men; median age 73 years) who underwent three-phase bone scintigraphy were enrolled for this retrospective study. AFF features on bone scintigraphy and the related clinical factors were assessed. RESULTS: Among 237 patients with BRONJ, 11 (4.6%) showed AFF features on bone scintigraphy. BP medication duration (p = 0.049) correlated significantly with AFF features on bone scintigraphy in patients with BRONJ. BP intake duration of 34 months was the cutoff value for predicting the presence of AFF features on bone scintigraphy. Among the patients with BRONJ, all those with AFF features on bone scintigraphy were female patients with osteoporosis who were on oral BP medication; however, these factors were not significantly different along with AFF features on bone scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of AFF features on bone scintigraphy was relatively high in patients with BRONJ. A careful observation of patients presenting with the AFF features on bone scintigraphy may be needed, particularly for female BRONJ patients with osteoporosis who have been on BP medication for over 34 months.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) after thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) is the most sensitive marker for detecting recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). In DTC, Tg production is regulated by TSH; however, TSH values after THW are never identical, even in the same patient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of TSH on Tg levels after THW. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TSH and Tg concentrations were measured twice at 2 and 3 weeks after THW in 309 patients with DTC. TSH and Tg levels at these time points were compared. The percent change in TSH (ΔTSH) and change in Tg level (%ΔTg) from 2 to 3 weeks after THW were calculated, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine whether ΔTSH could affect %ΔTg. Tg cutoff value for diagnostic imaging was 2 ng/mL. RESULTS: The TSH and Tg values at 3 weeks were significantly higher than those at 2 weeks after THW. Tg values increased significantly to >2 ng/mL after 1 week in 38.5% of the patients with Tg values of 0.2-2 ng/mL at 2 weeks after THW. In patients with Tg values ≥2 ng/mL at 2 weeks after THW, Tg values increased significantly after an additional week of THW. ΔTSH correlated significantly with %ΔTg. CONCLUSION: TSH values differed according to time after THW, and Tg values differed significantly according to TSH values. Therefore, TSH values should be considered carefully when interpreting the meaning of Tg levels in patients with DTC.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Thyroglobulin* ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyrotropin*