Aim To investigate the effects of multi-gly-cosides of Tripterygium wilfordii(GTW)on mitochon-drial dynamics-related proteins and the mechanism of nephroprotective effects in IgA nephrophathy(IgAN)rats.Methods SPF grade male SD rats were random-ly divided into the Control group,modelling group,prednisone group(6.25 mg·kg·d-1)and GTW group(6.25 mg·kg·d-1).The IgAN rat model was established by the method of"bovine serum albumin(BSA)+carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)+lipopolysac-charide(LPS)".The total amount of urinary protein(24 h-UTP)and erythrocyte count in urine were meas-ured in 24 h urine.Blood biochemistry of serum albu-min(ALB),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),urea ni-trogen(BUN),and creatinine(Scr)were measured in abdominal aorta of the rats;immunofluorescence and HE staining were used to observe the histopathology of the kidneys;RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of key proteins regulating mitochondrial division and fu-sion:dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1),mitochondrial fusion protein 1(Mfn1),and mitochondrial fusion pro-tein 2(Mfn2),and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(Pink1),in the kidney tissue of rats.Results GTW significantly reduced urinary erythrocyte count and 24 h-UTP,decreased serum ALT,BUN and Scr levels,in-creased serum ALB levels,improved renal histopatho-logical status in IgAN rats,increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of Mfn1,Mfn2,and Pink1,and decreased the protein and mRNA expression levels of Drp1 in renal tissues.Conclusions GTW may regu-late mitochondrial structure and maintain the dynamic balance of mitochondrial dynamics by promoting the ex-pression of Mfn1,Mfn2,Pink1 and decreasing Drp1.This may result in a reduction in urinary erythrocyte counts and proteinuria,and an improvement in renal function.

Aim To investigate the effect of luteolin on M1 macrophages polarization through HIF-1α-mediated glycolytic pathway. Methods RAW264.7 cells were divided into control groups(M0)and LPS+IFN-γ groups(M1). M1 groups were further divided into luteolin group, 2-DG(glycolysis inhibitor)group, luteolin+2-DG group,luteolin+DMOG(HIF-1α agonist)group. The protein expression levels of iNOS, Arg-1 and HIF-1α were detected by Western blot. Macrophage phenotype was detected by flow cytometry. In addition, the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. The gene expression levels of GLUT1, HK2, PFK1, PK and HIF-1α were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Compared with M1 groups, luteolin and luteolin+2-DG treatment groups decreased the expression levels of GLUT1, HK2, PFK1, PK and HIF-1α related to glycolysis. In addition, luteolin and luteolin+2-DG treatment group significantly inhibited the expression of M1 macrophage markers such as iNOS, CD86 and IL-6, whereas up-regulated M2 macrophage markers Arg-1, CD206 and IL-10. Notably, the inhibitory effects of luteolin on M1 macrophages were restored by DMOG. Conclusion Luteolin regulates M1 macrophage polarization by inhibiting the glycolytic pathway induced by HIF-1α.

Circular RNA (circRNA), as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), plays an importantrole in the regulation of cell differentiation. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze porcinecircular RNA insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (circIGF1R), explore its expression patterns, construct a ceRNA regulatory network related to circIGF1R, and explore the regulation of its ectopicexpression on adipogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (C3H10T1 / 2) effect. Forwardand reverse PCR, Sanger sequencing, RNase R enzyme digestion tests, and qRT-PCR were used toverify that circIGF1R is a circRNA formed by the second exon of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF1R). It was expressed in all tissues of pigs, and its expression level increased with age in adiposetissues. miRDB, TargetScan and miRWalk online software were used to predict circIGF1R target genes. RNAhybrid software was used for binding site prediction. DAVID bioinformatics functional analysissoftware was used to perform GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on candidate target genes. Cytoscapesoftware was used to construct the ceRNA network diagram. Based on the gene expression correlation andpredicted target relationship, the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was drawn and the ceRNA networkwas constructed; the dual luciferase reporter gene test was used, and we found that circIGF1R andFABP4 can bind to ssc (Sus scrofa chromosome) -miR-133a-5p. The circIGF1R overexpression vectorwas successfully constructed and expressed in C3H10T1/ 2 cells. It was found that after overexpression ofcircIGF1R, the expression of key adipogenic regulatory factors CEBPa, CEBPß, FABP4 and PPAR? increased significantly(P<0. 01), and the number of lipid droplets increased significantly. The results ofthis study show that circIGF1R exists in pig adipose tissues, and may positively regulate the adipogenicdifferentiation of C3H10T1/ 2 cells through the ceRNA mechanism, which lays a theoretical foundation forfurther research on circIGF1R regulating the adipogenic differentiation of pig precursor intramuscularadipocytes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the clinical efficacies of remnant-preserving and remnant-non-preserving, remnant-non-preserving remnant segment preserving and remnant root preserving with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS: From March 2014 to December 2017, 204 patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries were treated by single-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft. According to the different methods of remnant preservation, the procedures were divided into remnant segment preserving group (A), remnant root preserving group (B), and remnant-non-preserving group (C). There were 37 males and 39 femalesin group A aged from 16 to 43 years old with an average of (28.80±5.41) years old. The time from injury to operation ranged from 2 to 11 weeks with an average of (3.68±1.04) weeks. In group B, there were 39 males and 25 females aged from 18 to 41 years old with an average of (28.42±5.60) years old. The time from injury to operation ranged from 2 to 10 weeks with an average of (3.36±1.68) weeks. In group C, there were 37 males and 27 females aged from 18 to 43 years old with an average of (29.10±6.11) years old. The time from injury to operation ranged from 3 to 11 weeks with an average of (3.54±1.46) weeks. The range of motion (ROM) of the knee was used to assess the range of extension and flextion of the knee at pre-operation and 24 months after operation. Lysholm score and the international knee documentation committee (IKDC) score were used to assess the knee function. The differences among three procedures were judged by comparing among the three groups at 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. RESULTS: All incisions got a one stage healing, and no complications, such as vascular injury, nerve damage and articular infect or the like, occurred. All the patients were followed up, and the follow-up duration of group A ranged from 24.00 to 45.96 months with a mean of (35.52±14.40) months;the follow up duration of group B ranged from 27.96 to 48.00 months with a mean of (37.56±10.68) month;and the follow up duration of group C ranged from 24.00 to 66.00 months with a mean of (37.08±13.44) month. There were no significant differences in follow up time among three groups ( CONCLUSION Compared with remnant-non-preserving group, the residual tissue of anterior cruciate ligament is preserved, which is conducive to promote the healing and remodeling of tendon graft and accelerate the recovery of joint function. Proper fixation of residual tissue and restoration of its tension are the key factors affecting the postoperative efficacy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament/surgery* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Arthroscopy ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of Type Ⅲ domain-containing protein5 (FNDC5) on adipogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of FNDC5 during adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. The lentivirus-coated overexpression and interference vector of FNDC5 were constructed and transfected into C3H10T1/2 cells. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of the key genes of adipogenic differentiation. Oil red O staining was used to detect the formation of lipid droplets; Western blot was used to detect the content of ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylated protein (P-ERK1/2). After 8 days of adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells, the expression of Fndc5 increased significantly. After overexpression of FNDC5 in C3H10T1/2 cells, the expression of key genes for adipogenic differentiation, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-酌 (PPAR酌), CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP茁), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), all decreased significantly. The content of lipid droplets and P-ERK1/2 also decreased significantly. On the contrary, after interference of FNDC5 in C3H10T1/2 cells, the expression of key genes for adipogenic differentiation, including PPARγ, C/EBP茁, FABP4 and C/EBPα were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the content of lipid droplets and P-ERK1/2 also increased significantly. This study found that FNDC5 can inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2, which can provide reference data for the mechanism of FNDC5 in regulating fat deposition.

The objective of this study was to investigate the expression profile of the myozenin2 (MYOZ2) gene and elucidate its effect on adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1 / 2 cells and its possible mechanism∙ The longissimus dorsi‚ subcutaneous fat and liver tissue was collected from 180-day-old Mashen pigs‚ 60-day-old ICR mice‚ 35-day-old Ross broiler and 12-month-old Small tail han sheep‚ and the expression profile of the MYOZ2 gene mRNA was detected∙ The results showed that the MYOZ2 gene has similar patterns of tissue expression in examined species‚ with the highest expression level in longissimus dorsi‚ and a small amount of expression in the subcutaneous fat and liver tissue∙ After the MYOZ2 gene was silenced in C3H10T1 / 2 cells‚ qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of key adipogenic genes PPARγ and FABP4 were significantly down-regulated compared with the control group (P < 0∙ 01) ; Western Blotting results showed that the PPARγ protein content was significantly decreased (P < 0∙ 05) ; Oil red O staining showed that the number of lipid droplets and the content of triglyceride were significantly decreased after silencing MYOZ2 (P < 0∙ 05) ∙ The expression of fatty acid metabolism related genes SCD‚ FASN‚ SREBP1‚ NR1H3‚ DGAT1‚ PNPLA2‚ HSL‚ CES1‚ CPT1 after MYOZ2 silencing were detected by qRT-PCR∙ The results showed that SCD‚ FASN‚ SREBP1‚ PNPLA2 and HSL were significantly down-regulated (P < 0∙ 01) ‚ NR1H3 was significantly reduced (P < 0∙ 05) ‚ DGAT1 expression was down-regulated but the difference was not significant‚ CES1 and CPT1 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0∙ 05) ∙ The STRING database was used to construct a MYOZ2-related protein interaction network map‚ and it was found that MYOZ2 may affect the adipogenic differentiation through the interaction of titin-cap (TCAP) and PPARγ∙ After silencing TCAP‚ qRT-PCR results showed that compared with the control group‚ the expression of key adipogenic genes PPARγ and FABP4 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0∙ 01) ; Western Blotting results showed that PPARγ protein was significantly increased (P< 0∙ 05) ; Oil red O staining showed that the number of lipid droplets and the content of triglyceride were significantly increased after TCAP silencing (P < 0∙ 05) ∙ qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of TCAP after silencing MYOZ2‚ and the results showed that the expression of TCAP was significantly increased (P<0∙ 01) ∙ In summary‚ MYOZ2 was highly expressed in longissimus dorsi and lower expressed in subcutaneous fat and liver tissues∙ In addition‚ MYOZ2 may regulate the expression of key adipogenic genes PPARγ and FABP4 through the interaction of MYOZ2-TCAP -PPARγ‚ and to further regulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism related genes SCD‚ FASN‚ SREBP1‚ NR1H3‚ DGAT1‚ PNPLA2‚ HSL‚ CES1 and CPT1‚ thus playing an important role in the process of adipogenic differentiation∙

This paper explores Mongolian medicine processing methods and the use regularity of excipient by text mining techniques. Relevant books of Mongolian medicine processing were consulted to collect data on Mongolian medicine processing methods and excipient, and select data based on processing methods and excipient noun frequency statistics. Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used for statistical analysis and mining for the usage regularity of different types of Mongolian medicinal materials in different periods. And Cytoscape 3.6.1 software was used for visual presentation. The topological analysis showed the top five processing methods were net production, development, frying, calcining and cooking, and the top five processing excipient were fresh milk, wine, urine, cream and mineral borax. Frequency analysis showed that the plant medicinal materials were mostly recorded in the 18~(th) and 21~(st) centuries, especially in the 21 st century; the processing methods mostly contained water processing, repair processing and other methods. The mineral medicinal materials were mostly recorded in the 18~(th), 19~(th) and 21~(st) centuries; most of the processing methods were the fire processing method. The animal medicinal materials were recorded in the 18~(th), 19~(th) and 21~(st) century; the fire processing method occupied a major position, and the repair processing and the grinding processing were markedly increased in the 21~(st) century. In the use of excipient, liquid excipient were mostly used in plant medicines. Solid excipient were most commonly used in the 18~(th) century. Animal excipient were mostly used during the processing in the 18~(th) century. The use of liquid excipient gradually increased in the 19~(th) and 21~(st) centuries. This study summarizes the traditional processing methods of Mongolian medicine and the usage regularity of excipient, defines the characteristics of Mongolian medicine processing methods and excipient, and the characteristics of the combination of medicinal materials and excipient, so as to provide reference for the clinical use of Mongolian medicine.
Data Mining ; Excipients ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Records ; Software

The chemical constituents of Sabia limoniacea var. ardisioides were investigated using chroma­tographic methods, such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Eight compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated by spectral data and physicochemical properties, which were identified as 5-methoxy-1,2-methylenedioxyl oxoaporphine (1), fuseine (2), N-p-feruloyltyramine (3), N-trans-coumaroyl tyramin (4), quercetin (5), rutin (6), mutabiloside (7), and protocatechuic acid (8). Among those, compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 2−8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Naoxintong capsule has beneficial effects for activating blood circulation, dispersing blood stasis and dredging collateral. It is widely used in the treatment of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, stroke and cardiovascular disease. However, the pharmacodynamic basis and possible mechanism of its preventive effects are not clear. In this study, 10 male and 10 female C57BL/6 mice were used, and were randomly divided into the control group (saline) and Naoxintong group. Adaptively fed for 7 days in common conditions, mice were given Naoxintong capsule or saline for 3 days via intragastric administration. Serum was collected from 6 mice in each group 1 h after the last administration. Serum proteins were prepared to do two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Then image analysis and mass spectrometry detection were carried out to screen and identify the differentially expressed proteins and make bioinformatics analysis. It was found that 24 differentially expressed proteins between Naoxintong group and control group. Compared with the control group, 12 proteins were increased, and 12 were decreased. The proteins were involved in apoptosis signal pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor signal transduction pathway, in which vasohibin-1 is a negative feedback regulation factor in angiogenesis. Western blot showed that the expression of vasohibin-1 in Naoxintong group was reduced, which is consistent with the result in two-dimensional electrophoresis. Serum proteins expression is different between Naoxintong and control groups. The targets of these differentially expressed proteins include endothelial cells, inflammatory cells and platelets. The changes on proteins showed that Naoxintong capsule may ameliorate coronary heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and provide potential biological markers to prevent ischemic disease.

To investigate the relationship between the LNK(SH2B3) gene single nucleotide polymorphism and risk of acute leukemia (AL) in Chinese population.

METHODSThe bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 31 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 70 cases of acute myeloid leukemia and 130 healthy persons as the controls were collected. Genotype of LNK SNP Rs3184504(c.784T>C) and Rs78894077(c.724C>T) were determined by PCR-RFLP, and were confirmed by gel electrophoresis and sequencing. The NB4, THP-1 and Raji leukemia cell line models were cultured, the leukemia cell line LNK Rs3184504 and Rs78894077 polymorphism were detected by using direct sequencing.

RESULTSThe CC genotype frequencies of Rs3184504 SNP were higher in ALL and AML patients than those in control (P<0.01), but there was no different between the groups in AML and ALL. The frequency of LNK gene Rs3184504 C allele was higher in AL as compared with control (P<0.01). The LNK gene Rs78894077 locus genotype distribution was not significantly different between the AL and the normal control group (P>0.05). Both Rs3184504 and Rs78894077 sites were detected as CC genotype in NB4, THP-1 and Raji cells.

CONCLUSIONThe persons carrying C allele of LNK gene Rs3184504 are more prone to develop acute leukemia.