This paper explored the chemical constituents of Boswellia carterii by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data such as infrared radiation(IR), ultra violet(UV), mass spectrometry(MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). Seven diterpenoids were isolated and purified from n-hexane of B. carterii. The isolates were identified as(1S,3E,7E,11R,12R)-11-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-4,8,12-trimethyl-15-oxabicyclo[10.2.1]pentadeca-3,7-dien-5-one(1),(1R,3S,4R,7E,11E)-4,8,12,15,15-pentamethyl-14-oxabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-7,11-dien-4-ol(2), incensole(3),(-)-(R)-nephthenol(4), euphraticanoid F(5), dilospirane B(6), and dictyotin C(7). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new and their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroisms(ECDs). Compounds 6 and 7 were obtained from B. carterii for the first time.
Molecular Structure ; Boswellia/chemistry* ; Diterpenes/chemistry* ; Mass Spectrometry

This study aims to study the chemical components from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii. Five cembranoid diterpenes were isolated from the gum resin of B. carterii by various of column chromatographies including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties, mass spectrometry(MS), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), Ultraviolet(UV) and infrared(IR) spectroscopic data. These compounds were identified as(1S,2E,4R,5S,7E,11E)-4-methoxy-5-hydroxycembrane(1),(1R~*,4R~*,5E,8E,12E,15E)-4-hydroxycembra-5,8,12,15-tetraene(2), cembrene A(3),(3S,4S,7R)-4-hydroxycembrane(4), and pavidolide D(5). Compound 1 was a new compound. Compounds 2, 4, and 5 were obtained from the gum resin of B. carterii for the first time. Compound 2 showed weak inhibition on the human liver cancer cell line HepG2.
Boswellia ; Cell Line ; Diterpenes ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Resins, Plant

Paracetamol (PCM) hepatotoxicity is related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and excessive oxidative stress; natural antioxidant compounds have been tested as an alternative therapy. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of an alcoholic extract of Boswellia ovalifoliolata (BO) bark against PCM-induced hepatotoxicity. BO extract also demonstrated antioxidant activity in vitro, as well as scavenger activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Administration of PCM caused a significant increase in the release of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase in serum. Significant enhancement in hepatic lipid peroxidation and marked depletion in reduced glutathione were observed after parac intoxication with severe alterations in liver histology. BO treatment was able to mitigate hepatic damage induced by acute intoxication of PCM and showed a pronounced protective effect against lipid peroxidation, deviated serum enzymatic variables, and maintained glutathione status toward control. The results clearly demonstrate the hepatoprotective effect of BO against the toxicity induced by PCM.
Acetaminophen ; adverse effects ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Boswellia ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Plant Bark ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats, Wistar ; Transaminases ; blood

One of the leading causes of death worldwide is cardiovascular disease, hence searching for a cure is an important endeavor. The totally safe, edible, and inexpensive Boswellia plant exudate, known as olibanum or frankincense, is considered to possess diverse medicinal values in traditional medicine and from recent biological studies. Investigating the cardioprotective and antioxidant activities of olibanum from a Boswellia species, family Bursearaceae, namely Boswellia carteri Birdw. was the aim of this study. Cardioprotective activity was evaluated using a model of myocardial infarction induced by isoprenaline (ISO), while antioxidant activity was tested adopting nitric oxide scavenging (NOS) and azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. The results revealed a mild cardioprotective effect and weak antioxidant activity.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Boswellia ; chemistry ; Frankincense ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo analyze the difference of chemical compounds of frankincense-myrrh before and after their compatibility, and evaluate the effect of differentiated compounds on NO generated by LPS-induced peritoneal macrophage cells in rats, in order to discuss synergetic material basis of frankincense-myrrh compatibility from the prospective of change in chemical constituents.

METHODUPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined technology was used to analyze the chemical components of frankincense-myrrh before and after their compatibility. MarkerLynx 4. 1 statistical software was used to analyze differentiated compounds before and after their compatibility.

RESULTThe results of PCA showed that there were significant differences in the combined extracts of frankincense-myrrh and the chromatogram of their combined liquid, suggesting significant differences in their chemical compounds before and after their compatibility; after their compatibility, the dissolution of pentacyclic triterpenoid (alpha-boswellic acid, beta-boswellic acid) and tetracyclic triterpenoid (elemonic acid, 3-acetoxy-16-hydroxy-dammar-24-ene, 3-hydroxytirucalla-8,24-dien-21-oic acid or 3-hydroxytirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic acid) increased notably, while the dissolution of both yclic sesquiterpenes and macrocyclic diterpenoids decreased. According to the evaluation on in vitro activity, 2-methoxy-8, 12-epoxy-germa-1 (10), 7, 11-triene-6-ketone, 2-methoxy-5-acetoxyl-furan-germa-1 (10)-alkene-6-ketone and 3-carbonyl Euphorbia kansui-8, 24-diene-21-carboxylic acid notably inhibited NO generated by LPS-induced peritoneal macrophage cells in rats.

CONCLUSIONThese findings provide scientific basis and reference for studies on anti-inflammatory material basis of frankincense-myrrh compatibility.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Boswellia ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Commiphora ; chemistry ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Structure ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Terpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo establish method for determining the contents of alpha-pinene and octyl acetate in Boswellia serrata, in order to provide preference for making quality standards for B. serrata and processed B. serrata.

METHODApplication of orthogonal design was employed to optimize the solvent, solvent quantity and extraction time. The GC-MS analysis was performed on a Rxi-5ms silica capillary column, running in the electron impact (EI) mode, with ion trap and injector temperature of 200 degrees C and 250 degrees C, respectively. The column oven was initially 50 degrees C and was held for 1 min after injection, followed by temperature ramping at 5 degrees C x min(-1) up to 130 degrees C, holding for 1 min. 1 microL of samples solution were injected in the split mode (1:60). Helium was the carrier gas. The mass spectrometer was set to scan m/z 45450 with an ionizing voltage at 70 eV.

RESULTSample solutions were prepared for 50-fold dose by ultrasonic extraction with hexane for 30 min. The content of alpha-pinene and octyl acetate in 10 batches of B. serrata were 0.021 3-0.149 5, 2.519 6-9.098 0 mg x g(-1), respectively. And, those of alpha-pinene and octyl acetate in processed B. serrata were 0.015 9-0.065 9, 0.801 0-12.812 2 mg x g(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe method is a stable and reliable for determining the contents of alpha-pinene and octyl acetate in B. serrata.

Acetates ; analysis ; Boswellia ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Monoterpenes ; analysis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the spouse's aromatherapy massage on labor pain, anxiety during labor and childbirth satisfaction for laboring women. METHODS: The subjects of this study were laboring women who didn't have any complication during pregnancy and who have admitted for childbirth with their spouse to E. hospital in D city. This study was carried out from June to November in 2007. The subjects were allocated into three groups: spouse's aromatherapy massage group, spouse's carrier oil massage group and control group. Aromatherapy massage and carrier oil massage was applied for ten minutes every hour after the cervix dilated 5cm. The subjects in the control group were with their spouse during labor. RESULTS: The labor pain by VAS was significantly different among the three groups (Kruskal-Wallis chi2=7.09 p=.029) in the deceleration phase. The anxiety during labor by VAS were significantly different among the three groups (Kruskal-Wallis chi2=6.77 p=.034) in the deceleration phase. There was no significant difference in childbirth satisfaction among the three groups. CONCLUSION: The spouse's aromatherapy massage using Lavender, Clary sage, Frankincense and Neroli could be effective in decreasing labor pain and decreasing anxiety level during labor.
Anxiety ; Aromatherapy ; Boswellia ; Cervix Uteri ; Deceleration ; Female ; Humans ; Labor Pain ; Lavandula ; Massage ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Spouses

In order to clarify original plants of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) frankincense, a GC method for determination essential oils and a HPLC method for determination boswellic acids were carried out together with analysis of herbalism, botany, components and pharmacology papers of frankincense. It was concluded that original plants of TCM frankincense include at least Boswellia sacra, B. papyrifera and B. serrata.
Boswellia ; chemistry ; classification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Herbal Medicine ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo develop an HPLC method for determinating the contents of five boswellic acids in Boswellia serrata.

METHODAnalysis was performed on a zorbax SB C18 column eluted with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid in water as mobile phases in gradient elution and the detection wavelengths were 210 nm and 250 nm.

RESULTThe five ingredients were separated well. The content ranges of alpha-boswellic acid, beta-boswellic acid, 3-acetyl-beta-boswellic acid, 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid and 11-keto-beta-acetyl- boswellic acid were 8.68-16.1, 53.5-246.9, 38.4-192.9, 4.48-5.81, 32.7-44.2 mg x g(-1), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of five individual boswellic acids were different in 12 batches of B. serrata samples.

Boswellia ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo analyze the volatile oil of olibanum and apply scientific evidences for its applications.

METHODThe volatile oil was analyzed by GC-MS.

RESULTOne hundred components were identified,accounting for 91.26% of the total volatile oil, and the main components were octyl acetate, beta-elemene. It contains some transdermal absorption enhancers.

CONCLUSIONThe components of olibanum volatile oil were complicated; the connatural transdermal absorption enhancers make it possible to use in external preparation.

Acetates ; isolation & purification ; Boswellia ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Oils, Volatile ; isolation & purification ; Sesquiterpenes ; isolation & purification