【Objective】 To explore the correlation between the percentage of epicardial adipose tissue（EAT） and cardiac function in type 2 diabetes mellitus without heart failure. 【Methods】 We recruited diabetic inpatients and random non-diabetic inpatients who underwent CTA examinations in the Imaging Department of The First Affiliated Hospital， Xi’an Jiaotong University， from 2012 to 2014 as the research subjects. Their clinical data， laboratory examinations， echocardiography， and EAT quantification based on cardiac CTA were analyzed retrospectively. The parameters were compared between the two groups. Then the correlation between cardiac function parameters and EAT parameters was analyzed. 【Results】 Compared with those in control group， type 2 diabetic patients without heart failure had lower left ventricular stroke volume （61.41±15.95 vs. 79.41±15.19， P=0.047）， and the percentage of EAT in the pericardium， plasma total cholesterol， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were all related to it. The correlation coefficients were -0.501， -0.136， and -0.377. The percentage of EAT in the pericardium still had a moderately linear negative correlation with SV when the other factors were under control （r=-0.470， P<0.001）. 【Conclusion】 The percentage of EAT is asseated with early decreased left ventricular SV in patients with type 2 diabetes. It can be used as a sensitive index to quantify cardiac function abnormalities in type 2 diabetes.

Objective To analyze the clinical and MR features of intracranial nonspecific inflammatory granuloma and improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis.Methods The clinical and MR features of 9 intracranial nonspecific inflammatory granuloma cases proved by histopathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results Nine lesions were all located in the supratentorial cerebral hemisphere with large lesion range and obvious peripheral edema.On enhancement MR imaging,the lesions were obviously and irregularly enhanced.There were simple patchy enhancement in 3 cases,patchy enhancement with multiple micronodular enhancement in 4 cases,and multiple micronodular enhancement in 2 cases.None enhancement areas were noticed in all enhancement lesions.There were superficial meningeal enhancements in 4 cases.On MR plain scanning,the MR enhancement area of lesions showed similar signal to the grey matter on T1 WI and low signal similarly to the white matter on T2 WI.On MRS scan,the significant high signal of Cho was detected in 2 cases and their Cho/Cr ratio was over 4.The Cho/Cr ratio was lower than 1.3 in 5 cases.Conclusion There are some specific MR enhancement features in the intracranial nonspecific inflammatory granuloma including multiple small nodules or patchy enhancement,in which there were no enhancement areas,and some cases have meningeal enhancement.

Objective To study the MR features and differential diagnosis of oligodendroglioma.Methods Clinical and MR data of 34 pathology-diagnosed oligodendroglioma cases were analyzed retrospectively, which included tumor location,signal,size,enhanced and MRS features.Results 22 cases were diagnosed as WHOⅡoligodendroglioma and 12 cases WHOⅢ anaplastic oligodendroglioma.22 tumors located in the frontal lobes,4 tumors in the temporal lobes, 7 tumors in both frontal and temporal lobes,1 tumor located at the optic chiasma.25 tumors located in the superficial areas of the brain.For anaplastic oligodendrogliomas,tumor necrosis and cystic degenerations were showed in 11 cases,and hemorrhage or calcification in 6 cases.For oligodendroglioma,tumor necrosis and cystic degenerations were showed in 6 cases,hemorrhage in 2 cases,calcification in 8 cases.The average tumor diameter was 35 mm for oligodendroglioma and 58 mm for anaplastic oligodendroglioma.For anaplastic oligodendroglioma,obvious irregular or ring enhancements were showed in 11 cases.For oligodendroglioma, mild enhancement was showed in 6 cases,no enhancement in 6 cases and mild or moderate irregular ring-type enhancements in 4 cases.MRS was performed in 6 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas the Cho/Cr ratio was over 4 in 5 cases.MRS was performed in 12 oligodendrogliomas the Cho/Cr ratio was between 2.3 to 3.3 in 10 cases and below 2 in 2 cases.Conclusion The main MR feature of anaplastic oligodendroglioma is that tumor is located in the frontal lobe and superficial area of the brainwith irregular or ring-type enhancement,and the Cho/Cr ratio over 4.

Objective To investigate the applications of total maturation scores (TMS) in assessment of the hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) group and matched group with MRI and to find which patterns of HIE can delay the brain maturation in neonate.Methods MRI were performed on 43 full term neonates (28 HIE newborns and 15 matched controls) who were further divided into three groups,including 37-39 weeks postmenstrualage (PMA) (13 cases),39-41 weeks PMA (16 cases),and 41-44 weeks PMA (14 cases).MRI features and TMS scores were evaluated simulataneously.Results TMS gradually increased with PMA at each stage.While TMS,cortical folding and germinal matrix were all higher in matched group (P＜0.05),myelination and glial cell migration item were lower in HIE group (P＞0.05).Conclusion TMS can reflect brain development in the full term neonates.HIE may delay the brain maturation due to injury of the cortical myelin and neurons.TMS can evaluate the neonatal brain development and injury easily,quantitatively and effectively.

Objective To investigate the clinical and MR features of fungal encephalopyosis and fungal granuloma.Methods The clinical and MR data of 10 cases with fungal encephalopyosis and fungal granuloma confirmed by surgical pathology or clinical serum were analyzed retrospectively.Then we analyzed the clinical conditions,MR signals,lesion enhancement,DWI and MRS performance characteristics of the 10 cases.Results Six cases were fungal encephalopyosis,among which 2 cases occurred in the sella turcica after surgery which located in and above the sella turcica.2 cases occurred in the frontal lobe after frontal surgery and 1 case of them was multiple encephalopyosis.2 cases of encephalopyosis without operation history were located in the left frontal lobe and right cerebellum respectively.The abscess walls of these cases were thin and showed high tension.Furthermore,it had annular significant signal enhancement and high signal in DWI scan.One case of huge fungal granuloma located in the frontal lobe and into the sinuses which showed uneven signal enhancement. The Cho level was significantly increased.Three cases of cryptococcal granuloma showed multiple lesions located in the bilateral basal ganglia region and 2 out of them accompanied with cephalomeningitis.Conclusion The MR performance of fungal encephalopyosis was quite similar with bacterial brain abscesses,which makes the differential diagnosis difficult.The brain fungal granuloma MRS may display a significant increase of Cho level which might be related with gliosis.It shows certain characteristics of brain MR performance of cryptococcal granuloma which are multiple lesions,preferential distribution of basal ganglia region and accompanying cephalomeningitis.

Objective To assess the non-invasive and quantitative value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)in the diagnosis,differ-ential diagnosis and classification of renal occupying lesions.Methods 30 healthy volunteers and 126 suspected cases with renal space-occupying lesions underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)and DTI scans.A total of 144 lesions were found in 126 patients.DTI was performed in 6 directions with b values of 0 and 500 s/mm2 .Fractional anisotropy (FA)and appar-ent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values were measured.Results With b values at 500 s/mm2 ,FA and ADC values between the nor-mal renal cortex and medulla in renal carcinoma,renal angiomyolipomas,renal cysts were pairwisely compared and there were all statistical difference (P <0.05).Difference of FA and ADC values between clear renal cell carcinoma and non-clear cell carcinoma was also significant (P <0.05).Conclusion FA and ADC values could distinguish benign from malignant renal tumour which may be helpful in the speculation of renal carcinoma pathological types.

Objective To investigate the imaging manifestations and clinical features of hepatic and renal angiomyolipoma. Meth-ods The clinical data and imaging findings of hepatic and renal angiomyolipoma in a 51-year-old woman was retrospectively ana-lyzed with literature review. Results CT scan showed a large polymorphous hypodense mass in the right lobe of liver. After contrast -enhanced CT scan, the mass was enhanced gradually from periphery to ceritre. Bilateral kidneys obviously enlarged and appeared as alveolate appearance mixed density with spotty and stripped fat structures. At contrast-enhanced scan, the normal structures of cor-tex and medulla were disappeared, the alveolate walls were enhanced obviously. The arteries and veins of bilateral kidneys were com-pressed and displaced. Conclusion The imaging features of liver and kidney are of certain characteristic compared with other benign and malignant masses,but the final diagnosis of it is still depending on pathology mostly.

0.05);some ratios in the three parts between the young group and old group showed significant difference(P

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the distribution characteristics and thickness of lumbosacral canal fat in normal adults,and to assess the relevant factors of the fat thickness.Methods Sagittal images of lumbosacral canal fat on MRI T_(1)WI in 260 normal adults were observed.The distribution characters of the fat were studied on mid-sagittal plane.The thickness of anterior and posterior epidural fat and the canal diameter were measured and analyzed.Results The anterior epidural fat showed a barred or crescent shape and segmental distribution,while the posterior epidural fat had a segmental distribution with a spindle shape.The thickness of the epidural fat varied at different levels.The fat thickness showed no statistical difference between men and women or every age group.Positive linear correlation occurred between spinal canal diameter or obesity index and the thickness of posterior epidural fat.Conclusion The distribution characteristics and thickness of the lumbosacral canal epidural fat can be used as index in diagnosing some spinal canal diseases.

Objective To measure neuro-biochemical changes in brain of first episode major depression (MD) patients. Methods Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic (1H-MRS) examination of bilateralis frontal lobe and hippocampus was conducted in 21 first episode major depression patients and 21 age-, sex-and education-matched healthy controls. After this, major depression patients took selectivity serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for three months. Then, we examined the changes in NAA, Cho, Cr, Glx and mI in bilaterlis frontal lobe and hippocampus of patients. Finally, we compared the metabolism of the subjects with that of the controls. Results ① Bilateralis frontal lobe NAA/Cr, right frontal lobe Glx/Cr and left hippocampus NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr were significantly lower in MD patients than in the controls, but right frontal lobe and right hippocampus mI/Cr significantly were higher than those in controls. ② After treatment left frontal lobe and left hippocampus NAA/Cr significantly increased compared with pretherapy. Right frontal lobe mI/Cr significantly decreased. Conclusion Nerve cell activity disorder, abnormal second messenger and glutamicacid and glutamine may be involved in the pathogenesis of MD. Antidepressant can regulate abnormal metabolism and improve nerve cell activity.