With the completion of the "Human Genome Project" and the smooth progress of the "Herbal Genome Project", the research wave of RNAomics is gradually advancing, opening the research gateway for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and initiating the post-genome era of medicinal plant RNA research. Therefore, this article proposes for the first time the concept of HerbRNomes, which involves constructing databases of medicinal plant, medicinal fungus, and medicinal animal RNA at different stages, from different origins, and in different organs. This research aims to explore the role of HerbRNA in self-genetic information transmission, functional regulation, as well as cross-species regulation functional mechanisms and key technologies. It also investigates application scenarios, providing a theoretical basis and research ideas for the resistance of TCM or medicinal plants to adversity and stress, molecular assistant breeding, and the development of small nucleic acid drugs. This article reviews recent research progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the transmission and expression of genetic information, self-regulation and cross-species regulation of herbs at the RNA level, along with key technologies. It proposes a development strategy for small nucleic acid drugs based on HerbRNomes, providing theoretical support and guidance for the modernization of TCM based on HerbRNomes research.

Osteoporosis （OP） is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by bone microstructure degeneration and bone mass loss， which has a high prevalence and disability rate. Effective prevention and treatment of OP is a major difficulty in the medical community. The nature of OP is that multiple pathological factors lead to the imbalance of human bone homeostasis maintained by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic cell death pathway， and its fundamental cause is cell damage caused by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Studies have shown that ferroptosis is involved in and affects the occurrence and development of OP， which leads to OP by mediating the imbalance of bone homeostasis. Ferroptosis is an adjustable form of programmed cell death. The intervention of ferroptosis can regulate the damage degree and death process of osteoblasts and osteoclasts， which is beneficial to maintain bone homeostasis， slow down the development process of OP， improve the clinical symptoms of patients， reduce the risk of disability， and improve their quality of life. However， there are few studies on ferroptosis in OP. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is a medical treasure with unique characteristics and great application value in China. It has been widely used in China and has a long history. It has the multi-target and multi-pathway advantages in the treatment of OP， with high safety， few toxic and side effects， and low treatment cost， and has a significant effect in clinical application. The intervention of TCM in ferroptosis to regulate bone homeostasis may be a new direction for the prevention and treatment of OP in the future. This article summarized the regulatory mechanisms related to ferroptosis， discussed the role of ferroptosis in bone homeostasis， and reviewed the current status and progress of active ingredients in TCM compounds and monomers in the regulation of OP through ferroptosis， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the participation of TCM in the prevention and treatment of OP in the future.

This article introduces the clinical approach and acupuncture characteristics of the traditional Chinese medicine practitioner Professor YU Hai-Bo in treating paediatric cerebral palsy using the"Jianpi Yishen Triple-Needle Grouping Acupoints".Guided by the theory of growth and development of"viscera-meridian-brain"growth and development,Professor YU believed that"insufficiency of spleen and kidney"is the core pathogenesis of paediatric cerebral palsy,and the treatment concept of"treating from the spleen and kidney"was proposed.He inherited and innovated the triple-needle grouping acupoints therapy and establishing the system of"Jianpi Yishen Triple-Needle Grouping Acupoints".Before regular acupuncture,the abdomen and dorsum are pricked to freely regulate the middle energizer,and the upper limbs are selected as"Hegu(LI4),Waiguan(SJ5),Quchi[(LI11),three acupoints on the hand]+ Neiguan(PC6)";the lower limbs are selected as"Zusanli(ST36),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Taichong[(LR3),three acupoints on the foot];"Shenmai(BL62),Zhaohai(KI6),Yongquan(KI1)",spleen and kidney are regulated simultaneously,and the head acupoints include Sishencong(EX-HN1),intelligence tri-needling,cerebral tri-needling,temporal tri-needling,mind-calming needling and bilateral Fengchi(GB20).In order to regulate the spirit and benefit the intellect,the matching acupoints are modified according to the disease and the syndromes.At the same time,it is supplemented with music therapy and auricular point seed-pressing.Emphasis is placed on the simultaneous regulation of"child-parent-doctor"and"treating the person"rather than the"treating the disease".

Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) is a key factor in the virus's invasion of host cells, involving the binding of the virus to target cells and the fusion of membranes. The proteolytic cleavage and activation of HA by host proteases are prerequisites for the virus to recognize host cells and initiate membrane fusion, and are also essential for viral infection of the host. This article summarizes the proteolytic activation of different subtypes of influenza virus HA by type II transmembrane serine proteases, human tissue kallikreins, and other host proteases, and discusses their potential as targets for antiviral therapy.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii can still survive and acquire polymyxin resistance after complete loss of LPS. Previous studies of LPS-deficient Acinetobacter baumannii mostly focused on LPS-deficient strains induced by polymyxin, whose background was complex and unstable. To investigate LPS loss-mediated polymyxin resistant-Acinetobacter baumannii, this study constructed a stable and clear background LPS-deficient strain by knocking out lpxC gene in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 with CIRSPR/Cas9, and then studied the phenotypic changes of the lpxC-deficient strain including morphology, growth rate, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence, membrane permeability, and membrane potential. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, CAMS and PUMC (approval number: IMB-20240119D₉). The results indicated that the lpxC gene of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 was successfully knocked out. After losing the lpxC, the strain underwent the morphological change from rod-shaped to spherical. Furthermore, it leads to reduced growth rate, enhanced membrane permeability, decreased membrane potential, lower virulence, and increased antibiotic susceptibility to β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, glycopeptides. The lpxC deletion results in significant changes in membrane homeostasis and adaptability of Acinetobacter baumannii. Understanding the phenotypic changes of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii mediated by LPS loss is useful for exploring the resistance mechanism of Acinetobacter baumannii and developing new therapeutic strategies.

Objective To analyze and verify the role of senescent genes in the treatment,prognosis,and tumor microenvironment(TME)characteristics of osteoblastic osteosarcoma,bioinformatic methods were employed.Methods Senescent genes were obtained from the China National Genome Science database(https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/aging/index).The gene expression profile and clinical information of osteosarcoma patients were sourced from the TARGET database(https://ocg.cancer.gov/programs/target),while single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)data was collected from GSE162454 on the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)for downstream analysis.Osteosarcoma cells were classified based on scRNA-seq,and differential expression analysis between osteoblasts/chondroblasts and other cell types was conducted to identify differently expressed genes(DEGs).After matching with the senescent genes,prognostic senescent DEGs were identified through univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis.Subsequently,the osteosarcoma senescent-related model(OSRM)was constructed,and the risk score was calculated.The role of OSRM in treatment,prognosis,and TME of osteosarcoma was further investigated.Results The analysis revealed that GSE162454 contained 6 osteosarcoma samples,with 19933 cells identified after filtering,quality control,and normalization.Seventeen cellular subtypes were identified using uniform manifold approximation and projection(UMAP)methods.A total of 4821 DEGs were found between osteoblasts/chondroblasts and other subtypes,with 132 senescent DEGs obtained after matching with the senescent gene set.In the TARGET database,4 prognostic senescent DEGs[ADH5(alcohol dehydrogenase 5),ARHGAP1(Rho GTPase activating protein 1),APOE(apolipoprotein E),and ATF4(activating transcription factor 4)]were identified through univariable and multivariable Cox analyses to construct OSRM.Based on risk score,patients were stratified into high-and low-risk groups,with the latter showing better prognosis(HR=0.13,95%CI 0.06-0.28,P<0.001)and higher sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors.qRT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed the high expression of senescent genes ADH5(P<0.01),APOE(P<0.01),and ATF4(P<0.05)in the K7M2 osteosarcoma cell line,suggesting the potential for predicting the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for osteosarcoma.Conclusions scRNA-seq facilitated the division of osteosarcoma into 17 cell subtypes.ADH5,ARHGAP1,APOE,and ATF4 emerged as potential cancer-promoting or suppressing senescent genes in osteosarcoma.OSRM was found to be associated with treatment response,prognosis,and TME characteristics,thereby promoting the molecular pathological diagnosis of osteoblastic osteosarcoma and prediction for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

Objective A simple,sensitive and rapid ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)method was developed and validated for the determination of ertapenem in human plasma.Methods Using ertapenem-D4 as internal standard,the protein in plasma was precipitated with acetonitrile;chromatographic column:ACQUITY HSS T3(2.1 mm × 50.0 mm,1.8 μm);the mobile phase was 0.1％formic acid aqueous solution(containing 2 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate)-acetonitrile(0.1％formic acid),using a gradient elution;flow rate:0.4 mL·min-1,injection volume:1 μL,column temperature:45 ℃,the analysis time was 4.5 min,the scanning mode is positive ion selective reaction monitoring mode(SRM)with an electric spray ion source(ESI).The specificity,standard curve and lower limit of quantification,precision and recovery,matrix effect,dilution effect and stability were investigated.Results Ertapenem had a good linearity within 0.5-80.0μg·mL-1,and the standard curve was y=4.25 × 10-1x-2.64× 10-2(r2=0.999 0),the lower limit of quantification was 0.5 μg·mL-1,the relative standard deviation within and between batches is 1.39％-4.15％.The extraction recovery rate was 58.36％-64.57％,and the relative standard deviation of dilution effect was 3.30％,and the matrix effect was 99.71％-103.23％.The relative standard deviation of room temperature,repeated freeze-thaw,4 ℃,and long-term stability are all less than 10％.Conclusion The method is sensitive,rapid and specific,which is suitable for clinical monitoring of Ertapenem.

Objective:To introduce a surgical method involving the indwelling of double-J tubes(DJT)in the seminal vesicles after transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy(TSV)in order to reduce the recurrence of refractory ejaculatory duct obstruction(EDO).Methods:This randomized controlled trial included 67 EDO patients undergoing TSV in our hospitals,27 with(the trial group)and 29 without postoperative indwelling of DJTs in the seminal vesicles(the control group).We collected the general information on the pa-tients and TSV-related parameters,including age,body mass index(BMI),preoperative use of antibiotics,history of urinary tract dis-ease,operation time,hospital stay and intra-and postoperative complications,and performed comparative analyses particularly on the surgical effect,complications,recurrence rate and time to recurrence in the two groups of patients.Results:The patients in the trial and control groups were followed up for(40.5±10.6)and(32.5±14.8)months,respectively.There were no statistically signifi-cant differences in the baseline data,intra-and postoperative complications,and postoperative hospital days between the two groups(P＞0.05).Compared with the controls,the patients in the trial group showed a significantly shorter operation time([62.8±6.1]vs[49.5±7.7]min,P＜0.05)and a lower recurrence rate than the controls(18.5％vs 44.8％,P＜0.05),but with no statisti-cally significant difference in the median time to recurrence(21.0 mo vs 22.0 mo,P＞0.05).Conclusion:The novel technique of indwelling double-J tubes in the seminal vesicles after TSV can significantly reduce the recurrence rate of refractory EDO.