Purpose To study the safety and clinical value of adenosine stress myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI)in evaluating myocardial ischemia in children with Kawasaki disease.Materials and Methods A total of 78 children with a history of Kawasaki disease and coronary artery aneurysm confirmed by echocardiography and coronary angiography were prospectively studied in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from August 2019 to February 2021.Adenosine stress MPIs were performed to analyze the safety of adenosine stress test and its sensitivity and specificity in detecting significant coronary artery stenosis(≥75%),and the positive rate of adenosine stress MPIs in different groups of coronary artery stenosis were further compared.Results All 78 children completed adenosine stress test without serious side effects.Among 78 children with adenosine stress imaging,44 patients with negative adenosine stress imaging did not undergo rest imaging,which reduced radiation exposure by 56.4%(44/78).The sensitivity and specificity of adenosine stress MPIs in detecting significant coronary artery stenosis were 66.7%and 60.6%(40/66),respectively.Adenosine stress MPIs were positive in 21 cases(21/52,40.3%)in non-stenosis group,5 cases(35.7%)in mild to moderate stenosis group,and 8 cases(66.7%)in significant stenosis group.There was no significant difference in the positive rate among the three groups(χ2=3.169,P=0.205).Conclusion Adenosine stress test is safe and feasible in children.The stress-first imaging strategy can reduce radiation exposure.Adenosine stress MPI has important clinical value in evaluating and monitoring myocardial ischemia in children with Kawasaki disease complicated with coronary aneurysm.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. One important aspect of ALS pathogenesis is superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutant-mediated mitochondrial toxicity, leading to apoptosis in neurons. This study aimed to evaluate the neural protective synergistic effects of ginsenosides Rg1 (G-Rg1) and conditioned medium (CM) on a mutational SOD1 cell model, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that the contents of nerve growth factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor significantly increased in CM after human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) were exposed to neuron differentiation reagents for seven days. CM or G-Rg1 decreased the apoptotic rate of SOD1^G93A-NSC34 cells to a certain extent, but their combination brought about the least apoptosis, compared with CM or G-Rg1 alone. Further research showed that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated in all the treatment groups. Proteins associated with mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, such as Bax, caspase 9 (Cas-9), and cytochrome c (Cyt c), were downregulated. Furthermore, CM or G-Rg1 also inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway by reducing the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα. CM/G-Rg1 or their combination also reduced the apoptotic rate induced by betulinic acid (BetA), an agonist of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, the combination of CM and G-Rg1 effectively reduced the apoptosis of SOD1^G93A-NSC34 cells through suppressing the NF-κB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway (Fig. 1 is a graphical representation of the abstract).
Humans ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics* ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology* ; Superoxide Dismutase-1 ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Apoptosis

Oolong tea is a semi-fermented tea with strong flavor, which is widely favored by consumers because of its floral and fruity aroma as well as fresh and mellow taste. During the processing of oolong tea, withering is the first indispensable process for improving flavor formation. However, the molecular mechanism that affects the flavor formation of oolong tea during withering remains unclear. Transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the difference among the fresh leaves, indoor-withered leaves and solar-withered leaves of oolong tea. A total of 10 793 differentially expressed genes were identified from the three samples. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in flavonoid synthesis, terpenoid synthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and spliceosome pathways. Subsequently, twelve differentially expressed genes and four differential splicing genes were identified from the four enrichment pathways for fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis. The results showed that the expression patterns of the selected genes during withering were consistent with the results in the transcriptome datasets. Further analysis revealed that the transcriptional inhibition of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes, the transcriptional enhancement of terpenoid biosynthesis-related genes, as well as the jasmonic acid signal transduction and the alternative splicing mechanism jointly contributed to the flavor formation of high floral and fruity aroma and low bitterness in solar-withered leaves. The results may facilitate better understanding the molecular mechanisms of solar-withering treatment in flavor formation of oolong tea.
Camellia sinensis/genetics* ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Taste ; Tea ; Transcriptome/genetics*

Objective:To explore the application situation and hotspots of the Q method in the field of nursing research and provide a reference for the nursing workers in China to learn and apply the Q method.Methods:Literature retrieval was conducted based on Web of Science, and statistical analysis was conducted on the number of articles published, countries, journals, institutions, authors, highly cited papers, research directions and high-frequency co-occurrence words by using the analysis function of Web of Science and visual imaging of VOSviewer.Results:A total of 686 authors from 25 countries and 23 institutions published 326 papers in 157 journals applying the Q method in nursing research, showing an overall increasing trend. South Korea (12.27%) , the United States (7.98%) , the United Kingdom (7.06%) ranked the highest number of articles published, and China ranked the sixth (3.68%) The number of citations per article was the highest in the United Kingdom (33.78 times) , followed by Canada (19.67 times) . Psychology and health care were the most interdisciplinary subjects. The research hotspots expanded from methodological discussions to nursing education, clinical practice, psychological nursing and health promotion.Conclusions:Q method is still in its infancy in the field of nursing in China and has not been widely promoted and practiced. China's publication volume and influence are relatively weak. In the future, international exchanges and cooperation should be expanded and academic frontiers and research hotspots should be grasped to improve the level and quality of research.

Objective:To explore the potential of Taenia solium (Ts) 14-3-3.3 protein as a candidate molecule for cysticercosis vaccine. Methods:Sixty Kunming mice with the body weight of 18 - 22 g were selected and divided into 3 groups according to their body weight via the random number table method, including normal saline control group (control group), Ts14-3-3.3 recombinant protein vaccine group (vaccine group), and Ts14-3-3.3 recombinant protein vaccine + adjuvant group (vaccine + adjuvant group), with 20 mice in each group. The multi-point subcutaneous injection method was adopted. After the first immunization at 0 week, the booster immunization was carried out twice, a total of 3 times, with an interval of 2 weeks. Four mice in the three groups were killed at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the first immunization, and the blood of eyeballs and spleen were collected aseptically for serum separation and preparation of spleen lymphocytes suspension [treatment: cell suspension, antigen-stimulate and concanavalin (Con) A-stimulate], respectively. The levels of mouse serum specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgG2a, IgG1 and IgE were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proliferation level of mouse spleen lymphocytes was detected via the CCK-8 method. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-13 and IL-10 in culture supernatant of mouse spleen lymphocytes were determined by double-antibody sandwich ELISA.Results:The IgG, IgG2a, and IgG1 levels of the vaccine and vaccine + adjuvant groups immunized for 2 to 8 weeks were higher than those of the control group, and the above indicators of the vaccine + adjuvant group were higher than those of the vaccine group ( P < 0.05). With the same treatment between the groups, the proliferation levels of spleen lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-10 in the culture supernatant after 2 - 8 weeks of immunization were statistically significantly different ( P < 0.05); the proliferation levels of spleen lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-13 and IL-10 in the culture supernatant of the vaccine and vaccine + adjuvant groups immunized for 2 to 8 weeks were higher than those of the control group, and the above indicators of the vaccine + adjuvant group were higher than those of the vaccine group ( P < 0.05). When treatment was different in the group, the proliferation levels of spleen lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-13 and IL-10 in the culture supernatant of the antigen-stimulate and ConA-stimulate were higher than those of the cell suspension, and the above indicators of the ConA-stimulate were higher than those of the antigen-stimulate ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The recombinant protein vaccine of Ts14-3-3.3 can induce an effective immune response in mice.

Resin cements have been widely employed for bonding all-ceramic restorations in clinical practice, its color stability is directly related to long-term prosthetic effect of restorations. Discoloration of resin cements can be attributed to two causes: endogenous factors are generally related to material compositions and initiation mechanism of polymerization; exogenous factors are mainly related to stimulation of local oral environment. Color stability of resin cements has close relationship with esthetic effect of all-ceramic restorations. The aim of this literature review was to make a presentation and discussion systematically about color stability of resin cements commonly used clinically, its influence factors and influence on all-ceramic restorations, so as to provide a reference for the application of all-ceramic restorations.

Objective:Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been used in the diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) successfully, but there have been no multicenter prospective studies to verify its reliability or determine how to grade RDS with LUS findings.This study aimed to discuss the necessity and feasibility of using LUS findings to determine RDS grades through a multicenter prospective study.Methods:Every researcher participated in the National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Course and receiving 3-6 months of lung ultrasound system training at the National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center.Patients between June 2018 and May 2020 who met the RDS ultrasound diagnostic criteria and had full available clinical data were included in this study.The LUS examination was completed immediately after the patients were admitted to the hospital.Some of them also underwent chest X-ray examination.Arterial blood gas analysis was completed immediately before or after the LUS ultrasound examination.RDS grading was performed according to the LUS findings and whether the patient had serious complications.Results:A total of 275 qualifying cases were included in this study, which included 220 premature infants and 55 full-term infants, and the primary RDS occurred in 117 cases (42.5%), and secondary RDS occurred in 158 cases (57.5%). LUS manifestations of RDS patients can be divided into three categories: (1)A ground-glass opacity sign: which could be found among 50 infants when they were admitted to the hospital (that was, at their first LUS examination). Twenty-eight of these infants were considered to have wet lungs and were not sent for special management on admission, but LUS showed typical snowflake-like lung consolidation within 0.5 to 4 hours.Twenty-two of them were given mechanical ventilation with exogenous pulmonary surfactant; Eighteen cases were controlled within 6-12 hours, but the lung lesions became more severe in the other 4 infants (due to severe intrauterine infection). (2)Snowflake-like lung consolidations: the first LUS on admission showed typical snowflake-like lung consolidation involving areas ranging from 1-2 intercostal spaces to 12 lung divisions in 204 cases.Thirty-eight infants among them the lung consolidation only had involvement of 1-2 intercostal spaces at the time of admission; Fifteen of them received invasive respiratory support and recovered within 4-12 hours.Twelve patients received noninvasive respiratory support; Seven of them recovered, while five cases developed severe lung illness.The remaining 11 patients who were not given any form of ventilator support developed severe conditions within 1-4 hours.Thirty of them showed snowflake signs involving 12 lung regions at admission.The remaining 136 patients had lung consolidation degree between the two degree above condition.(3)Snowflake-like sign with complications: Twenty-one patients had severe complications such as pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage or/and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn or large area atelectasis, etc, although snowflake lung consolidation did not involve all lung regions.Conclusion:(1) LUS is reliable and accurate for diagnosing RDS.RDS has the same characteristics on ultrasound for both preterm and full-term infants, both primary and secondary RDS.(2) To facilitate the management of RDS, it is necessary to classify RDS according to the ultrasound findings and the presence of severe complications.(3) Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that RDS can be divided into mild, moderate and severe degrees.The exact standards for grading are as follows: Mild RDS: the early stage of RDS, in which lung consolidation shows as a ground-glass opacity sign on ultrasound; Moderate RDS: lung consolidation shows a snowflake sign on ultrasound, not all of the lung fields are involved; Severe RDS meets one or more of the following criteria: lung consolidation shows as a snowflake sign on ultrasound and all lung regions are involved, or regardless of its degree and extent, lung consolidation has caused serious complications, such as pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, or/and a large area of pulmonary atelectasis.

Objective: Through the bibliometrics analysis, to understand the research status quo and trend of the application of gamification in health management. Methods: Based on the Web of Science Core Collection, We retrieved the article, review and proceedings paper published from 1900 to 2018 and analyzed literature retrieved in term of document types, publication years, authors, and funding agencies. In addition, VOSviewer1.6.9 was used for visualization analysis of keywords and countries/regions. Results: A total of 364 pieces of literature were retrieved, of which 177 (48.63%) pieces were article. Since 2013, the number of literature has shown an upward trend at a rapid speed. However, only 16.48% of the literature were published by high productivity authors, which means a core group of authors has not yet formed in this research direction. The United States published the most literature, 89 pieces. Seven of the top ten funding agencies by volume were belong to the United Kingdom. However, only 10 pieces of literature were published by China. A total of 55 high-frequency keywords were included in this study, forming 5 research topics: physical activities management of adolescent based on mobile devices; internet-based behavior and mental health management for older-adults; design and application of fitness games; intervention and promotion of youth health behavior; the application of mobile health in adult self-management. The new high frequency keywords included older-adults, adults, mental health etc. Conclusion The application of gamification in health management is in its infancy, but it develops rapidly. European and American countries are in a leading position, while China is relatively backward. The research topics tend to be diversified and gamification is initially applied to the older-adults, adults and mental health management. In the future, the application scope of gamification in health management should be further expanded and effectively combined gamification with mHealth.

Taenia solium is one of the most important human parasites and its cysticercus and adult worms are both pathogenic.Cysticercosis caused by cysticercus is the most serious.In recent years,a large number of studies have been conducted on the immunological pathogenesis at cellular and molecular levels in local and abroad.The relation between cysticercus invasiveness and host immune effects and immunological pathogenesis has been preliminarily clarified.This article reviews the immunological pathogenesis of cysticercosis to provide new ideas for the immunoprevention and treatment of this disease.

Objective To investigate the correlation of spinal mechanical imbalance and thoraco-dorsal pain of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods The clinical data of 90 patients with AS were collected. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of thoracodorsal pain: the AS with thoraco-dorsal pain group (30 cases) and the AS without thoraco-dorsal pain group (60 cases). Clinical symptoms, Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis function index (BASFI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis measurement index (BASMI), ankylosing spondylitis disease activity (ASDAS), and spinal mechanical function and nuclear myocardial force test were compared using t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results ① There were differences between thoraco-dorsal pain group and patients without thoracodorsal pain group at the time of back muscle strength [(0.82±0.41) min vs (1.33±0.74) min, F=12.372, P=0.001]; ②Thoraco-dorsal pain in the AS group was mainly the middle and lower thoracic vertebrae, such as the inflammation of rib head and rib transverse process, facial arthritis, and spinous ligaments, etc. And the missed diagnosis rate of magnetic resonance imagin (MRI) was high. ③ In healthy control group, the anterior flexion strength of thoracodorsal pain group was signific-antly different from that of patients without thoracodorsal pain [(92.1 ±46.3) Nm vs (126.6±35.7) Nm, F=6.440, P=0.002]. ④ There was significant difference in spinal strength as well as left and right rotation strength between the thoracodorsal pain group and patients without thoracodorsal pain [(1.18 ±0.22) vs (1.05 ±0.17), F=10.044, P<0.01];⑤In the thoraco-dorsal pain group, the right/left index was related to BASDAI (r=-0.522, P=0.004). For spinal mobility, the right/left index was related to cross cutting faces to right ( r=0.435, P=0.021), cross cutting faces to left (r=0.528, P=0.004). In spinal strength, the right/left index was related to left turn (r=0.57, P=0.001); right lateral flexion (r=0.368, P=0.049) and left lateral flexion (r=0.369, P=0.049). Conclusion The thoracodorsal pain of AS is dominated by the middle and lower thoracic vertebrae, and the missed diagnosis rate of MRI is high. The imbalance of the left and right side of the spine is one of the factors of the thoracic back pain in AS.