ObjectiveTo summarize the modeling elements， evaluation indicators， characteristics， and drawbacks of the animal models of diabetic nephropathy， and thus provide guidance for the standardized modeling and rational application of these models. MethodThe articles about the animal experiments of diabetic nephropathy published in the last decade were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure， Wanfang Data， and PubMed. The data of animal species， sex， modeling techniques， modeling criteria， and evaluation indicators were analyzed in Excel. ResultA total of 287 publications were included in this study. Male SD rats were mainly used for the modeling of diabetic nephropathy. The animal models of type 1 diabetes were mainly established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ） at 60-69 mg·kg^-1 once or 50 mg·kg^-1 for 5 continuous days， and those of type 2 diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of STZ at 30-39 mg·kg^-1 once or 30 mg·kg^-1 for 2 continuous days combined with 4 weeks of high-fat and high-sugar diet. Blood glucose and 24-hour urine protein were mainly used to determine whether the modeling was successful. The evaluation indicators of the animal models mainly included basic indicators， glucose and lipid metabolism indicators， and renal function indicators. ConclusionAnimal models are commonly used in the research on diabetic nephropathy， while there is no unified standards for the preparation or evaluation of the animal models. Moreover， Chinese medicine is rarely considered in the modeling. Through literature review and data analysis， this paper summarizes the modeling elements and standards， key evaluation indicators， characteristics， and shortcomings， aiming to build the animal models of diabetic nephropathy with a high success rate and with the characteristics in line with the clinical pathogenesis and syndromes.

Through reviewing domestic and foreign literature on augmentative and alternative communication in patients with motor neuron disease，this paper summarized the characteristics of communication disorders in patients with motor neuron disease，the effect caused by poor communication，as well as the application of augmentative and alternative communication. The purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate augmentative and alternative communication system for patients with motor neuron disease with communication disorders，so as to improve the quality of life of patients，improve negative psychological emotions，and reduce the burden of caregivers.