China is a country with a high prevalence of myopia,and the incidence of myopia among adolescents is in-creasing year by year.The usage rate of orthokeratology is also increasing year by year.In order to improve the effectiveness of myopia control,ophthalmologists have adopted plans such as optimizing lens design and combined treatment to provide protection for adolescent myopia control.This article reviews the diverse clinical applications of orthokeratology and their effectiveness based on national and international literature.

ObjectiveTo summarize the modeling elements， evaluation indicators， characteristics， and drawbacks of the animal models of diabetic nephropathy， and thus provide guidance for the standardized modeling and rational application of these models. MethodThe articles about the animal experiments of diabetic nephropathy published in the last decade were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure， Wanfang Data， and PubMed. The data of animal species， sex， modeling techniques， modeling criteria， and evaluation indicators were analyzed in Excel. ResultA total of 287 publications were included in this study. Male SD rats were mainly used for the modeling of diabetic nephropathy. The animal models of type 1 diabetes were mainly established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ） at 60-69 mg·kg^-1 once or 50 mg·kg^-1 for 5 continuous days， and those of type 2 diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of STZ at 30-39 mg·kg^-1 once or 30 mg·kg^-1 for 2 continuous days combined with 4 weeks of high-fat and high-sugar diet. Blood glucose and 24-hour urine protein were mainly used to determine whether the modeling was successful. The evaluation indicators of the animal models mainly included basic indicators， glucose and lipid metabolism indicators， and renal function indicators. ConclusionAnimal models are commonly used in the research on diabetic nephropathy， while there is no unified standards for the preparation or evaluation of the animal models. Moreover， Chinese medicine is rarely considered in the modeling. Through literature review and data analysis， this paper summarizes the modeling elements and standards， key evaluation indicators， characteristics， and shortcomings， aiming to build the animal models of diabetic nephropathy with a high success rate and with the characteristics in line with the clinical pathogenesis and syndromes.

Early intervention contributes to improving patient experience and doctor-patient relationship in the case of non-psychiatric outpatients with psychological problems.The authors studied the psychological assessment and hierarchical management for non-psychiatric inpatients at a general hospital. Measures taken include establishing multi-disciplinary and inter-department teams, building an intra-hospital joint-action system, and implementing the psychological assessment and hierarchical management for non-psychiatric inpatients.These efforts explored ways for a general hospital in psychological counseling, offering humanistic service, and transformation of medical pattern.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic and microsurgical treatments in patients with hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage (HBGH).Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical features of 37 patients received microsurgical treatment via transsylvian-transinsular approach or 32 patients received endoscopic treatment for evacuation of HBGH in our hospital from January 2011 to January 2015 was performed.The operation time,hematoma clearance rate,re-bleeding rate and prognoses of the patients were investigated.Results As compared with patients accepted microsurgical treatment,patients accepted endoscopic treatment had significantly shorter operation time,smaller peroperative bleeding volume,and shorter hemostatic time (P＜0.05).The preoperative Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores in patients accepted endoscopic treatment and microsurgical treatment were 8.63±1.24 and 8.67±1.31,without significant difference (P＞0.05);24 h after operation,GCS scores in patients accepted endoscopic treatment increased to 12.79±1.20,which had significant difference as compared with those in patients accepted microsurgical treatment (11.23±1.29,P＜0.05).The cerebral edema volume in patients accepted endoscopic treatment and microsurgical treatment was (11.83±4.08) mL and (18.76±7.92) mL,with significant difference (t=6.460,P=0.000).The hematoma clearance and prognosis in patients accepted endoscopic treatment were better than those in patients accepted microsurgical treatment.Conclusion Endoscopic evacuation ofhematoma for HBGH is efficient and safe,enjoying better efficacy than microsurgery.

Objective To explore the effect of regional synergistic treatment system on the treatment time and short-term prognosis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of STEMI patients who admitted to emergency center of Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) from January 2013 to January 2017 were conducted. All patients were divided into two groups, group A was the patients who underwent the PPCI before the establishment of the acute chest pain area co-treatment system (from January 2013 to December 2014), and group B was the patients who received the treatment after the establishment of the area co-treatment system (from January 2015 to January 2017). The length of time from onset of symptoms to the balloon dilatation (S2B), the length of time from the first medical contact to the balloon dilatation (FMC2B), the length of time from entering the gate of hospital to the balloon dilatation (D2B), and the incidence of 90-day end point events (including heart failure, all-cause death, and other related adverse events) were collected. The relations of the establishment of the acute chest pain area co-treatment system and the incidence of 90-day end point events were analyzed by multivariable Logistic regression analysis.Results Among the 221 enrolled patients with STEMI, 83 patients were in group A and 138 patients were in group B respectively. Compared with group A, S2B time [minutes: 180 (140, 210) vs. 201 (154, 225)], FMC2B time [minutes: 89 (78, 100) vs. 94 (83, 107)] and D2B time [minutes: 66 (62, 70) vs. 85 (72, 99)] were significantly shortened in group B (allP < 0.05), the incidence of 90-day end point events were significantly decreased (heart failure:20.3％ vs. 32.5％, all-cause death: 1.4％ vs. 7.2％, other related adverse events: 23.2％ vs. 36.1％, allP < 0.05). It was shown by multivariable Logistic regression analysis that the establishment of the acute chest pain area co-treatment system could lower the incidence of 90-day end point events [heart failure: odds ratio (OR) = 1.904, 95％ confidence interval (95％CI) = 0.968-1.004, P = 0.048; all-cause death:OR = 11.724, 95％CI = 0.955-1.048,P = 0.013; other related adverse events:OR = 1.925, 95％CI = 1.049-3.530,P = 0.034].Conclusion The construction of regional synergistic treatment system can shorten the emergency treatment time of STEMI patients and reduce the incidence of 90-day end point events including heart failure and death.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of MSX2 interference on epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) of pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1.

METHODSThree vectors containing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) of MSX2 (shMSX2-1, shMSX2-2, and shMSX2-3) and the empty vector (negative control) were transfected separately into PANC-1 cell line with Lipofectamine2000. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to observe changes in the expressions of MSX2, E-cadherin, and vimentin in the cells. CCK-8 assay was used to assess the changes in the cell growth, and wound scratch assay and Transwell assay were employed to evaluate the cell invasion and metastasis after the transfection.

RESULTSAmong the 3 shRNA, shMSX2-1 showed the highest interference efficiency. MSX2 knockdown by the specific shRNA of MSX2 significantly increased E-cadherin expressions, lowered vimentin expressions, and suppressed the invasion, metastasis and proliferation of the cells (P<0.05). MSX2 knockdown also resulted in morphological changes of the cells into cobblestone-like cells in close contact. RT-PCR results revealed significantly reduced mRNA expressions of the transcription factors snail and twist (P<0.05) without affecting slug and zeb1 expressions in the cells with MSX2 knockdown. Conclusion MSX2 knockdown can reverse EMT and induce MET in PANC1 cells, in which process the transcription factors snail and twist may play a role.

Cadherins ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Homeodomain Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Snail Family Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Twist-Related Protein 1 ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of MSX2 interference on epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) of pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1. Methods Three vectors containing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) of MSX2 (shMSX2-1, shMSX2-2, and shMSX2-3) and the empty vector (negative control) were transfected separately into PANC-1 cell line with Lipofectamine2000. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to observe changes in the expressions of MSX2, E-cadherin, and vimentin in the cells. CCK-8 assay was used to assess the changes in the cell growth, and wound scratch assay and Transwell assay were employed to evaluate the cell invasion and metastasis after the transfection. Results Among the 3 shRNA, shMSX2-1 showed the highest interference efficiency. MSX2 knockdown by the specific shRNA of MSX2 significantly increased E-cadherin expressions, lowered vimentin expressions, and suppressed the invasion, metastasis and proliferation of the cells (P<0.05). MSX2 knockdown also resulted in morphological changes of the cells into cobblestone-like cells in close contact. RT-PCR results revealed significantly reduced mRNA expressions of the transcription factors snail and twist (P<0.05) without affecting slug and zeb1 expressions in the cells with MSX2 knockdown. Conclusion MSX2 knockdown can reverse EMT and induce MET in PANC1 cells, in which process the transcription factors snail and twist may play a role.

Objective To investigate the effect of MSX2 interference on epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) of pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1. Methods Three vectors containing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) of MSX2 (shMSX2-1, shMSX2-2, and shMSX2-3) and the empty vector (negative control) were transfected separately into PANC-1 cell line with Lipofectamine2000. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to observe changes in the expressions of MSX2, E-cadherin, and vimentin in the cells. CCK-8 assay was used to assess the changes in the cell growth, and wound scratch assay and Transwell assay were employed to evaluate the cell invasion and metastasis after the transfection. Results Among the 3 shRNA, shMSX2-1 showed the highest interference efficiency. MSX2 knockdown by the specific shRNA of MSX2 significantly increased E-cadherin expressions, lowered vimentin expressions, and suppressed the invasion, metastasis and proliferation of the cells (P<0.05). MSX2 knockdown also resulted in morphological changes of the cells into cobblestone-like cells in close contact. RT-PCR results revealed significantly reduced mRNA expressions of the transcription factors snail and twist (P<0.05) without affecting slug and zeb1 expressions in the cells with MSX2 knockdown. Conclusion MSX2 knockdown can reverse EMT and induce MET in PANC1 cells, in which process the transcription factors snail and twist may play a role.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of CDK2 in the development of DNA heteroploid in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). METHOD: Fifty specimens of LSCC, twelve specimens of atypical hyperplasia and thirty specimens of vocal cord polyp were obtain during operation. Centrosome were detected by anti tubulin antibodies. Immunohistochemical method was used to analyze the protein expression of CDK2 and gamma-tubulin. RESULT: The positive rate of CDK2 and gamma-tubulin in LSCC were 68.0% (34/50) and 78.0% (10/15), all of them were significant higher than those in the vocal cord polyp (P<0.05). Expression of CDK2 in LSCC was positively association with expression of gamma-tubulin. CONCLUSION This experiment indicated that overexpression of CDK2 was strongly correlated with abnormal proliferation in LSCC, and it may be a valuable marker for the diagnosis and therapy of LSCC.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: To investigation the clinic long-term result and explore the prognostic factor of patients with laryngectomy. METHOD: Three hundred and fifteen patients with laryngectomy were analysed. The survival rate and the cause of death were collected from this study. RESULT: Five years later, 233 cases were still alive, 60 cases were dead, 22 cases failed to be followed-up. Overall 5-year survival rate was 73.97%, 5-year survival rate for patients of early stage was 82.69. Whereas, for patients of late stage was 62.64%. Five year survival rate for patients of supraglottic carcinoma, glottic carcinoma, subglottic carcinoma and transglottic carcinoma was respectively 73.76%, 82. 55%, 55.56%, 68.75%. Five year survival rate for patients with partial laryngectomy was 79.89%, whereas, for total laryngectomy was 1.03%. The cause of death were local recurrence and cervical glands metastasis. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis was the key points to both larynx preservation and survival rate. for improving survival rate, we should handle the indications strictly. remain sufficient security cutting edge and follow-up visit.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; mortality ; surgery ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Laryngectomy ; mortality ; Neoplasm Staging ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome