Abstract: The differential expression and subcellular localization of single-cell proteins are closely related to the physiological state and pathological mechanisms of the body. The development of single-cell protein in situ imaging methods provides powerful tools for spatial single-cell proteomics research and single-cell protein profiling. This article summarizes the single-cell protein imaging methods developed in recent years, including the circulating immunofluorescence imaging methods based on ordered multi-round antibody incubation, mass spectrometry imaging based on metal element labeled antibodies, fluorescence imaging based on DNA-barcoded antibody, gene encoded fluorescence protein imaging and spectral imaging based on Raman spectroscopy or X-ray spectroscopy, with brief explanation of the imaging principles of these methods. It focuses on the multiple performance, imaging resolution and signal amplification performance of these methods, and analyzes their application characteristics in practical scientific research and clinical work, in the hope of providing some reference for the development of more revolutionary single-cell imaging methods, and promoting the development of biomedical and precision medicine.

Objective:To translate the Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS) into Chinese and test its reliability and validity in elderly inpatients, to provide a basis for assessing elderly inpatients′ basic mobility during hospitalization.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. After obtaining the authorization of the original author, the Chinese version of CAS was formed by WHO′s cross-cultural translation process. A total of 414 hospitalized elderly inpatients from Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital were selected between March and September 2021. Cronbach′s α coefficient was used to test internal consistency, linear weighted Kappa was employed to assess inter-rater reliability, and concurrent validity was examined using items related to mobility of Barthel Index scores as a reference standard.Results:Of the 414 patients, 221 were males and 193 were females, and the patients aged (76.67 ± 9.98) years old; 122 cases (29.5%) had a perfect score of 6 with normal basic mobility, 89 cases (21.5%) had a score of 0 with complete loss of mobility, and the remaining 203 patients had a score of 1-5 with varying degrees of reduced mobility. The Chinese version of CAS demonstrated good assessment performance for basic mobility in elderly inpatients with a Cronbach′s α coefficient of 0.952. Weighted Kappa values for individual items and total scores showed excellent agreement among raters (>0.85), while concurrent validity yielded a value of 0.935 ( P<0.01) when compared with Barthel Index scores.Total score of CAS was significantly correlated with item scores and total score of Barthel index ( r values were 0.423 to 0.944, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The Chinese version of CAS has good reliability and validity. The items are concise, clear and easy to understand. It is suitable as a preliminary screening tool for clinical departments to evaluate the basic mobility of elderly inpatients.

Globally, gynecological malignancies are common types of female cancer and the main cause of cancer death among women. Cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer, which are the main types of gynecological cancers, pose a significant threat to women's health worldwide. Studies have shown that diet plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gynecological cancers such as cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer, for which added sugar may be an influencing factor due to its food source characteristic and related biological effect. However, this paper reviewed the research progress on the relationship between consumption of added sugar and gynecological cancers such as endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and cervical cancer, with a view to providing a reference for the active prevention of gynecological cancer.

Bioluminescence is a widespread phenomenon in nature, and luminescent organisms can be found both on land and in the ocean. Among them, luciferase based bioluminescence systems have been widely studied, inspiring the exploration of genetic and epigenetic aspects and the development of a series of related assays for in vivo and in vitro studies. This paper summarizes the recent developments of luciferase based bioluminescence assays in terms of bioluminescence systems, types of luciferases, and the development and application of luciferase bioluminescence assays.

Gene editing tools with nucleases as the main component have now implemented programmable targeted mutagenesis or insertion or deletion of mammalian genomes.From zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), CRISPR/Cas system to safer and more accurate Cas9 fusion protein gene editing tools and other nuclease gene editing tools, this paper systematically describes the development and evolution of gene editing, with detailed introduction to the development and optimization of next-generation gene editing tools, and a prospect of the clinical application of and challenges for gene editing tools.

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly around the world,posing a serious threat to the public"s health. As of September 30,2020,the number of infected people in the world has reached 33 million,causing more than 1 million deaths. Normalized nucleic acid detection methods based on lab have long turnaround time and high cost. Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop a convenient method to detect SARS-CoV-2,so as to achieve rapid testing and timely control of the epidemic when resources are limited.This review summarizes the point-of-care testing (POCT) methods developed for SARS-CoV-2 in terms of extraction,amplification and detection,and briefly introduces commercial POCT instruments that integrate these three steps,in order to provide references for emergency response and rapid deployment of COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases.

Objective:To understand the current status of rare disease related health information release in WeChat official accounts in China.Methods:We used a series of key words containing "rare diseases" and the names of the top 30 rare diseases in hospitalizations in China to search WeChat official accounts. Eligible articles were selected by systematic sampling. All including WeChat official accounts and articles were evaluated to extract the basic information.Results:No relevant WeChat official accounts were found for 14 rare diseases (46.67 %). Most of the WeChat official accounts (52.17 %) were initiated by patients and patient groups. No significant difference was detected in the total number of articles between the official accounts related with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and non-TCM related ones, however, the frequency of the monthly information release was significantly higher in TCM related official accounts ( P<0.001), while the average reading number of articles was significantly higher in non-TCM related official accounts ( P<0.001). Nearly 80 % of the WeChat official accounts had navigation menu, and the average reading number of official accounts with menus was larger than those without menus. The top three topics were rare disease diagnosis and treatment knowledge (46.00 %), public welfare activity for rare diseases (12.81 %) and uncorrelated things (8.65 %), while the first three leading topics were cutting-edge information, public welfare activity and patient story, respectively. Conclusions:The scale for rare disease related health information release based on WeChat official accounts in China has been basically formed, but it is still in development stage. Many improvements should be made in their coverage of rare diseases, release frequency, topic and form. It is urgent to establish or recreate some high-quality WeChat official accounts in order to provide precise information and effectively facilitate the prevention and treatment of rare diseases.

Early detection and treatment of high-risk adenomas and colorectal cancer (CRC) can reduce mortality of this disease.CRC screening is aimed at minimizing its harm and colonoscopy is presently the gold standard for it.However,colonoscopy needs bowel preparation and is invasive with high risk of intestinal perforation,causing a bad compliance,which is unfavorable to its popularization and application.Recently,non-invasive detection methods for CRC have gone through a rapid development.Tests based on CRC-related biomarkers in fecal and blood samples provide new options for non-invasive CRC screening.However,detection methods for these biomarkers still need further research and improvement because of the complex composition of feces and blood.In the two aspects of fecal tests and blood tests,the progress of recent studies on non-invasive screening methods for CRC was reviewed in this article.

There are significant individual differences in the antiplatelet effects of aspirin.Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),rs5918,rs12041331 and rs730012,are reported to significantly correlate with the efficacy and side effects of aspirin.In the present study,the genotyping method of the three SNPs was established based on the combination of polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing technology.Amplification and sequencing primers were designed independently;the amplification conditions were optimized to amplify the three SNPs in the same condition.The sensitivity of the method was detected using original genome DNA at different concentrations.In order to testify the accuracy of the method,the proposed method and Sanger sequencing technology were both used to genotype the three SNPs in 20 blood samples.The results demonstrated that the genotyping method of aspirin-related SNPs was successfully established,with the detection limit being as low as 0.4 ng genome DNA.The genotype results of 20 samples by the proposed method were exactly the same as that of Sanger sequencing.It is evident that the proposed method is sensitive and accurate.

Objective The NDRG4 gene methylation in stool is a candidate biomarker for non?invasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer. However, the traditional methods for methylation detection could not be well applied to stool samples due to the low sensitivity and low specificity. The aim of this study was to develop a highly sensitive and specific method for quantifying the methylated NDRG4 gene in stools. Methods Forty one stool samples were collected from 12 colorectal cancer patients, 4 adenoma patients and 25 nor?mal persons. The invasive reaction was combined with real?time PCR and the relative quantification was performed by 2-ΔCT method to develop the highly sensitive and specific methylated DNA detection method, which was used for detecting NDRG4 methylation levels in 41 of stool samples. Results The sensitivity of the method was as low as 10 copies of methylated NDRG4 gene fragments. The specificity was high enough to distinguish 0.01% of methylated fragments from un?methylated fragments and 105 copies of unmethylated NDRG4 fragments gave noamplification signals. The detection results from 41 of stool samples showed that detection rate of the NDRG4 gene in stool from adenoma and colorectal cancer groups had a significant difference comparing to that from the normal group. Conclusion The 2-ΔCT method could accurately quantify the methylation levels of the NDRG4 gene in stool samples, and provide an efficient tool for non?invasive colorectal cancer detection.