Objective:To explore the effect of regional nerve block anesthesia for elderly patients with traumatic tibia and fibula fractures.Methods:Ninety-three elderly patients with tibia and fibula fractures undergone surgical treatment were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 47 and 46 patients, respectively, in each group.The control group received general anesthesia and the observation group received a regional nerve block.Results:There was no difference in operative time between the two groups[(42.2±5.4)min and(43.3±5.7)min, t=0.953, P=0.343].The time to recovery of consciousness[(11.2±2.6)min and(14.5±2.8)min, t=5.714, P<0.001]and the volume of intraoperative infusion[(415.6±27.5)ml/L and(686.6±36.3)ml/L, t=40.626, P<0.001]were lower and patients' blood pressure and respiratory rate were also lower at skin incision, fracture fixation, end of surgery and 30 min after surgery in the observation group than in the control group.The levels of Glu, IL-6 and COR were higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05).The incidence of complications was 2.13% in the observation group and 15.22% in the control group( χ2=5.07, P<0.05). Conclusions:Elderly patients with traumatic tibia and fibula fractures receive beneficial anesthetic effects with the regional nerve block technique, with stable hemodynamics, mild stress response and minor adverse reactions.