Pinellia ternata， belonging to the Pinellia genus within the Araceae family， is a medicinal plant due to its tubers. There are severe issues with unclear germplasm and mixed varieties in its cultivation， necessitating urgent new variety protection efforts. The distinctness， uniformity， and stability （DUS） testing of the plant variety is the basis for protecting new plant varieties， and the DUS test guidelines are the technical basis for DUS testing. To develop the DUS test guidelines for P. ternata， agronomic traits of 229 germplasm of P. ternata were observed and measured during its two growth stages over the years， and each character was graded and described. A total of 38 traits were selected as the test traits of the DUS test guideline for P. ternata. There were three plant traits， 19 leaf traits， six flower traits， two fruit traits， two tuber traits， five bulbil traits， and one ploidy trait. These traits could be divided into 22 quality characters， 12 quantitative characters， and four pseudo-quantitative characters， as well as seven groups， including plants， leaves， flowers， fruit， tubers， bulbils， and ploidy. By searching for standard traits， 10 standard varieties were ultimately determined. Preparing these guidelines will have great significance for reviewing and protecting P. ternata varieties， safeguarding breeders' rights， and promoting the development of the P. ternata industry.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Buzhong Yiqitang on the abnormal expression of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C （SFTPC） and lung injury induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia （CIH） and the mechanism of action. MethodsForty healthy adult male SPF-grade C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into five experimental groups： a normoxia group， a CIH group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose Buzhong Yiqitang groups， with eight mice in each group. During the modeling， mice in the normoxia group were housed under standard oxygen concentrations， while the CIH and all Buzhong Yiqitang groups were placed in a hypoxic chamber for 8 h daily over 35 d. Prior to each chamber session， mice in the low-， medium-， and high-dose Buzhong Yiqitang groups were administered decoctions by gavage at corresponding doses （8.1， 16.2， 32.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1 of crude drug， respectively）， while those in normoxia and CIH groups received an equivalent volume of saline by gavage. The general conditions of the mice were recorded before and after the experiment. Pulmonary function was assessed using a non-invasive detection system. Serum SFTPC levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Histopathological changes in lung tissue were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Apoptosis in lung tissue was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL）. Protein expression of SFTPC， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase （PERK）， phosphorylated PERK （p-PERK）， eukaryotic initiation factor 2α （eIF2α）， phosphorylated eIF2α （p-eIF2α）， activating transcript factor 4 （ATF4）， and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein （CHOP） in lung tissue was analyzed by Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to assess the expression of SFTPC and CHOP proteins in lung tissue. ResultsCompared to those in the normoxia group， mice in the CIH group showed significantly impaired pulmonary function and increased histopathological lung injury scores （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum SFTPC levels increased， while SFTPC expression in lung tissue was reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The rate of apoptotic cells in lung tissue increased， and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers p-PERK， p-eIF2α， ATF4， and CHOP was upregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the CIH group， Buzhong Yiqitang intervention improved pulmonary function indicators and decreased the histopathological lung injury scores （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum SFTPC levels were decreased， and lung tissue SFTPC expression was recovered （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The apoptotic rate of lung tissue cells was significantly reduced， with downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Activation and expression of p-PERK， p-eIF2α， ATF4， and CHOP were also decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBuzhong Yiqitang can alleviate lung injury and improve pulmonary function by reducing lung cell apoptosis and enhancing alveolar surfactant secretion， which may be related to the modulation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway.

Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disease,and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated.Mesenchymal stem cells are a kind of pluripotent stem cells with multi-directional differentiation potential derived from mesoderm,which can differentiate into a variety of tissues and organs.Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells,menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells,adipose mesenchymal stem cells,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells can participate in the pathogenesis of endometriosis from cell proliferation and differentiation,ectopic migration,angiogenesis,inflammatory response and fibrosis formation,and play a certain role in progression of the disease.Mesenchymal stem cells provide new ideas for elucidating the pathogenesis of endometriosis,and may also become a potential method for the treatment of endometriosis.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of canagliflozin (Cana) in the treatment of high glucose-induced human podocyte (HPC) injury.Methods:The HPCs were divided into 5 groups: normal glucose group (NG group), mannitol group (MA group), high glucose group (HG group), Cana low dose (0.3 μmol/L) group and Cana high dose (1.0 μmol/L) group. Western blotting was used to examine the protein expressions of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted-2 (MAGI2), podocyte-associated protein nephrin, sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2), NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis- associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and cleaved-caspase1 in podocytes. Phalloidin staining of F-actin in podocytes was used to observe cytoskeletal injury. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of HPC was detected by the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe. Levels of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β in culture medium of podocytes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:(1) Compared with the NG group, the protein expressions of MAGI2 and nephrin decreased (both P<0.01), the protein expression of SGLT2 increased ( P<0.01), the changes of cell morphology and cytoskeleton remodeling were obvious, intracellular ROS level increased ( P<0.01), while NLRP3, ASC and cleaved-caspase1 protein expressions decreased in the HG group (all P<0.01). The results of ELISA showed that IL-18 and IL-1β concentrations were higher in the HG group (both P<0.05). (2) Compared with the HG group, in the Cana groups, MAGI2 and nephrin expressions up-regulated (both P<0.01), the changes of cell morphology and cytoskeleton remodeling were alleviated. Meanwhile the Cana groups showed decreased SGLT2 expression ( P<0.05), lower ROS level, down- regulated NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-caspase1 expressions (all P<0.01), and decreased concentrations of IL-18 and IL-1β in culture medium of podocytes (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Cana can improve high glucose-induced injury and inflammation in human podocyte, possibly due to the repression of the ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To observe any effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on sleep disorders among children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods:A total of 102 children with CP and disordered sleep were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, each of 51. All were given routine rehabilitation and sleep health education, but the experimental group additionally received rTMS for two weeks. The polysomnography (PSG) results of the two groups were recorded and analyzed.Results:The PSG parameters had improved greatly in both groups after the treatment. The percentage of N2 sleep (depth of sleep during light sleep) in the severe cerebral palsy group and of N3 sleep (depth of sleep during deep sleep) in the moderate cerebral palsy group had increased significantly more than in the mild cerebral palsy group, on average. After the intervention the percentages of N2 and N3 in those with mixed cerebral palsy and of N3 in those with involuntary motor cerebral palsy had increased significantly more than in those with spastic cerebral palsy, on average.Conclusion:rTMS treatment can improve the sleep disorders of children with cerebral palsy, especially N2 sleep among children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy, N3 sleep in cases of mixed or dyskinetic CP.

Tumor cells use glycolysis to provide material and energy under hypoxic conditions to meet the energy requirements for rapid growth and proliferation， namely the Warburg effect. Even under aerobic conditions， tumor cells mainly rely on glycolysis to provide energy. Therefore， glucose transporter protein 1（GLUT1）， which is involved in the process of glucose metabolism， plays an important role in tumorigenesis， development and drug resistance， and is considered to be one of the important targets in the treatment of malignant tumors. In recent years， research on tumor glucose metabolism has gradually become a hot spot. It has been shown that various factors are involved in the regulation of tumor energy metabolism， among which the role of GLUT1 is the most critical. In this paper， the authors reviewed the latest research progress of GLUT1-targeted traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） active ingredient nano-delivery system in tumor therapy， aiming to reveal the feasibility and effectiveness of this system in the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. The GLUT1-targeted TCM active ingredient nano-delivery system can overcome the bottleneck of the traditional targeting strategy as well as the high-permeability long retention（EPR） effect. In summary， the authors believe that the GLUT1-targeted TCM active ingredient nano-delivery system provides a new strategy for targeted treatment of tumors and has a broad application prospect in tumor prevention and treatment.

ObjectiveTo systematically and objectively characterize the pharmacological effects of Fufang Biejia Ruangan pills （FBRP） in the intervention of alcoholic liver disease （ALD） using acute and chronic ALD mouse models and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms. MethodFifty SPF-grade male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， and FBRP low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （9.6， 19.2， 38.4 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the normal group， the remaining groups were given 56° white wine by gavage to establish the acute ALD model， with samples collected after 4 weeks. Thirty SPF-grade male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， and FBRP medium-dose group （19.2 mg·kg^-1）. The chronic ALD mouse model was established using the Lieber-DeCarli method over a 10-week period. Inflammatory markers in liver tissues were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin （HE）， Sirius Red， oil red O staining， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Intoxication behaviors of each group were objectively evaluated through sobering-up time， net-catching， and pole-climbing tests. Further bioinformatics analyses based on clinical transcriptomic data were conducted to identify key targets and molecular mechanisms of FBRP in alleviating ALD through liver-brain dialogue， with experimental validation by ELISA， Western blot， and immunohistochemical staining. ResultCompared with the normal group, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） in liver tissues of mice in the acute and chronic ALD model groups were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the levels of AST and ALT in liver tissue of mice in FBRP groups were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group， the time of grasping the net and climbing the pole in the acute ALD model group was significantly decreased within 4 weeks （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the grasping and climbing time of FBRP high dose groups increased significantly within 4 weeks （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group， the expression of high mobility group protein B1 （HMGB1） protein in liver tissue and prefrontal lobe tissue of mice in the chronic ALD model group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression of HMGB1 protein in FBRP medium dose group was significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） protein and the release of γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） in the prefrontal cortex of the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group, the expression of BDNF protein and the release of GABA in the FBRP medium dose group were significantly increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionThis study revealed that FBRP improved key pathological changes in ALD by modulating liver-brain dialogue mediated by the HMGB1-BDNF axis. These findings provide experimental evidence for the clinical use of FBRP in treating ALD and offer new insights for the development of ALD therapeutic agents.

Objective To explore the perioperative safety of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in Day Care Unit and the risk factors for delayed discharge under centralized management model. Methods The patients with VATS managed by the Day Care Unit of the Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School in 2021 were retrospectively collected. The patients’ postoperative data and risk factors for delayed discharge were analyzed. Results A total of 383 patients were enrolled, including 179 males and 204 females with an average age of 46.09±14.82 years. Eleven (2.87%) patients developed grade 3-4 postoperative complications during the hospitalization. Eighteen (4.70%) patients visited unscheduled outpatient clinic within 7 days, and 6 (1.57%) patients were re-hospitalized within 30 days after discharge. The remaining patients had no significant adverse events during the 30-day follow-up. The average length of hospital stay was 2.27±0.35 d. The length of hospital stay was over 48 h in 48 (12.53%) patients. The independent risk factor for delayed discharge was lobectomy or combined resection (OR=3.015, 95%CI 1.174-7.745, P=0.022). Conclusion VATS can be safely conducted under the centralized management in Day Care Unit. The risk factor for delayed discharge is the extent of surgical resection.

Objective To contrast the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)combined with radiochemotherapy and concomitant radiochemotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 67 patients with advanced esophageal cancer who were treated in the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2019 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into combination group(n=35)and radiochemotherapy group(n=32)according to different treatment plans.Progress free survival(PFS),objective remission rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR)and adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Results The median PFS in combination group was significantly longer than that in radiochemotherapy group(12.6 months vs.6.3 months,χ2=16.288,P<0.001).ORR in combination group was significantly higher than that in radiochemotherapy group(54.3%vs.21.9%,P=0.011).DCR in combination group was significantly higher than that in radiochemotherapy group(77.1%vs.53.1%,P=0.045).The incidence of treatment-related adverse reactions and radiochemotherapy-related adverse reactions in combination group were significantly lower than those in radiochemotherapy group(P<0.05).There were 11 cases of immune-related adverse reactions in combination group,all of which were grade 1-2 adverse reactions.Conclusion ICI combined with radiochemotherapy can improve the curative effect of patients with advanced esophageal cancer,and the adverse reactions are acceptable.

ObjectiveTo identify the chemical constituents of Ruyi Zhenbaowan in vitro and in vivo. MethodThe chemical constituents of Ruyi Zhenbaowan were identified based on UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap HRMS. A total of 12 male SD rats were randomized into two groups： control （pure water） and Ruyi Zhenbaowan （1.8 g·kg^-1）. The rats were administrated with the suspension of Ruyi Zhenbaowan or pure water by gavage. After 1.5 h， the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were collected. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column （2.1 mm × 150 mm， 1.7 μm） with a mixture of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A） and acetonitrile （B） as the mobile phase. Gradient elution was carried out according to the procedure of 0~15 min，97%~80%A；15~30 min ，80%~60%A；30~40 min，60%~30%A；40~45 min，30%~5%A. The ion source was electrospray ionization， and scan range was m/z 100-1 500. The prototype components and the components in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were analyzed qualitatively by scanning in positive and negative ion modes and identified by comparison with the data in published literature and the information of standard substances. ResultA total of 126 chemical constituents were identified from the 80% methanol solution of Ruyi Zhenbaowan， and 14 and 7 prototype constituents were detected in the plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid， respectively. In addition， the fragmentation rules of apigenin， apigenin-7-O-glucuronide， galangin， liquiritin， piperine， glycyrrhizic acid， eugenol， gallic acid， and cholic acid were deduced. ConclusionThis study achieved rapid multicomponent characterization and identification of Ruyi Zhenbaowan in vitro and in vivo， providing theoretical support for exploring active substances and performing quality control.l.