In view of the few studies on the influence of Armillaria spp. infection on the content of the chemical components in different parts of Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia, this study determined the biomass of P. umbellatus sclerotia and the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia and the uninfected part of the sclerotia in different harvesting years under the conditions of A. gallica and A. mellea infection respectively. According to the difference of content and dynamic changes of the polysaccharide and the steroid substances, the superior Armillaria sp. was screened to obtain the best harvest years of P. umbellatus. Using HPLC and UV-VIS spectrophotometry methods, the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in P. umbellatus sclerotia infected by the two Armillaria spp. in different years were determined. In addition, the differentially expressed genes related to P. umbellatus polysaccharide synthesis were screened according to the transcriptomic data of different parts of P. umbellatus after A. mellea infection. With the increase of years, the biomass of sclerotia infected by different Armillaria spp. had significant differences, and there were significant differences in the four components of sclerotia. The four components of the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia were significantly higher than those of the uninfected part. The best harvest time was the third year after cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the infection of Armillaria spp. could significantly promote polysaccharide synthesis, which provided a basis for polysaccharide content determination at the molecular level. The study clarified the influence of different Armillaria spp. infection on the accumulation of chemical components of P. umbellatus sclerotia, laying a foundation for exploring the symbiosis mechanism and provided a scientific clue for screening superior Armillaria sp. and guiding the artificial cultivation of P. umbellatus sclerotia.

Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are a class of anticholinergic drugs widely used in clinical practice and mainly extracted from plant, among which Atopa belladonna is the main commercial drug source. It is of great industrial value to obtain TAs in large quantities by plant metabolic engineering. In TAs pathway, cytochrome oxidase CYP82M3 catalyze the synthesis of tropinone and then tropinone reductase I (TRI) compete with TRII for tropinone to form tropine leading to the TAs synthesis (drainage). In this study, based on the "increasing flow and drainage" metabolic engineering strategy, two genes, namely HnCYP82M3 and DsTRI from Hyoscyamus niger and Datura stramonium, respectively, were overexpressed in the hair roots of A. belladonna, with a view to promote the TAs accumulation. The HnCYP82M3 gene was cloned from the root of H. niger, and it encoded amino acid with 91.7% sequence identity with AbCYP82M3 from A. belladonna. Overexpression of HnCYP82M3 alone did not affect the content of TAs in hair roots of A. belladonna, indicating that CYP82M3 was not a key enzyme in TAs biosynthesis. Simultaneous overexpression of HnCYP82M3 and DsTRI greatly promoted the accumulation of the three TAs, and the contents of hyoscyamine, anisodamine and scopolamine were 4.97 times, 2.83 times and 2.19 times that of the control, respectively, and the increase amplitude was greater than that of single overexpression of DsTRI. This study showed that the "increasing flow and drainage" strategy of enzyme genes co-expression at branch points was a promising metabolic engineering method to effectively improve the biosynthesis of TAs in A. belladonna, and laid a theoretical and technical foundation for the large-scale industrial acquisition of TAs.

Objective To analyze the factors associated with pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff bridge suture.Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the data of 112 patients with unilateral rotator cuff injury who received arthroscopic bridge suture in our department were collected and were investigated in the form of telephone follow-up.In this study,SPSS 23.0 was used to input data and conduct statistical analysis.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the above influencing factors and postoperative pain.Results A total of 112 patients were included for statistical analysis,single factor analysis revealed,including course of disease,smoking history,preoperative University of California,Los Angeles(UCLA)score,Constant score,numeric rating scale(NRS),size of rotator cuff tear,whether it was full-thickness tear and degree of tendon retraction might be related to postoperative pain(P<0.05).The age,gender,body mass index(BMI),drinking history,diabetes and hypertension were not related to postoperative pain(P>0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis concluded that there were four factors related to postoperative pain,and the correlation degree was preoperative NRS,preoperative UCLA score,tear size and smoking history.Conclusion The causes of postoperative pain after arthroscopic rotator cauff repair are complex and diverse.Analyzing the cause of postoperative pain can effectively reduce the pain of patients and promote the recovery of shoulder joint function.

Human-animal interaction has a long-standing tradition dating back to ancient times. With the rapid advancements in intelligent chips, wearable devices, and machine algorithms, the intelligent interaction between animals and electronic technology, facilitated by electronic devices and systems for communication, perception, and control, has become a reality. These electronic devices aim to implement an animal-centric working mode to enhance human understanding of animals and promote the development of animal intelligence and creativity. This article takes medium-sized and large animals as research objects, with the goal of developing their ability enhancement, and introduces the concept of “intelligent animal augmentation system (IAAS)”. This concept is used to describe the characteristics of such devices and provides a comprehensive overview of existing animal and computer interface solutions. In general, IAAS can be divided into implantable and non-implantable types, each composed of interface platforms, perception and interpretation, control and instruction components. Through various levels of enhancement systems and architectural patterns, intelligent interaction between humans and animals can be realized. Although existing IAAS still lack a complete independent interaction system architecture, they hold great promise and development space in the future. Not only can they be applied as substitutes for cutting-edge devices and transportation equipment, but they are also expected to achieve cross-species information interaction through intelligent interconnection. Additionally, IAAS can promote bidirectional interaction between humans and animals, playing a significant role in advancing animal ethics and ecological protection. Furthermore, the development of interaction models based on animal subjects can provide insightful research experiences for the design of human-computer interaction systems, thereby contributing to the more efficient realization of the ambitious goal of human-machine integration.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection （cUTI） in adults. METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 352 cUTI adult patients in our hospital from January 1， 2021 to December 31， 2023. All patients received piperacillin-tazobactam. The detection of pathogens in patients， the clinical efficacy and microbial clearance rate after treatment， the occurrence of adverse drug reactions and treatment cost were observed in all patients. RESULTS Of the 352 patients， pathogen culture results of 54 patients were detected， mainly Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. The clinical effective rate was 94.3%， the microbial clearance rate was 81.5%， and the incidence of adverse reactions was 1.4%. The percentage of male effective patients in urinary surgery department was significantly higher than invalid patients， while the proportion of transplant treatment and the proportion of patients with concomitant kidney transplantation were significantly lower than invalid patients （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in clinical effective rate between the two groups after those patients were divided into target treatment group and empirical treatment group according to the sensitivity of pathogen to piperacillin-tazobactam （P＝0.902 5）. CONCLUSIONS Piperacillin-tazobactam is effective and safe in the treatment of cUTI.

Objective:To analyze the key points and shortcomings of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)science and technology innovation policy in China,and to provide reference for the subsequent policy optimization.Methods:Searching for TCM science and technology innovation policy texts released at the national level since 2007,and use the two-dimensional analysis framework for quantitative analysis.Results:Among 27 policies,In the X dimension,supply-based,environmental and demand-based policy tools respectively accounted for 48.98%,39.29%and 11.73%.In the Y dimension,the proportion of scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation was the highest(29.03%);Promoting the development of integrated Chinese and Western medicine was the least used(1.08%).Conclusion:There is a structural imbalance in the application of policy tools,the distribution difference of policy objectives is significant,and the internal policy tools'usage is imbalanced regarding policy objectives.Suggestions:Optimize the internal structure of policy tools.Meanwhile,enhance the structure of policy objectives,and facilitate the dynamic integration and application of policy tools to achieve the policy objectives of scientific and technological innovation in TCM.

Objective To investigate the impact of silymarin(SM)on the malignant growth of glioma cells and the regulatory mechanism on the miR-124-3p/WEE1 axis.Methods Glioma U87 cells were grouped into control,SM low,medium,and high concentration groups,and SM high concentration + miR-124-3p inhibitor group(SM high + miR-124-3p inhibitor group).CCK-8 was used to measure the proli-feration rate of cells;Transwell? assay was applied to assay the migration and invasion of cells;cell cycle progression was detected by flow cytometry;Western blotting was applied to measure the expression of cyclin D1 and apoptosis-related proteins;the levels of miR-124-3p and WEE1 mRNA were determined by qRT-PCR;and a luciferase activity test was applied to verify the targeting relationship between miR-124-3p and WEE1;in addition,the establishment,administration,and analysis of a NOD/SCID mouse model of intracranial trans-planted tumor were conducted.Results Compared with the control group,the cell proliferation,the numbers of migrating and invading cells,the expression of cyclin D1,and the level of WEE1 mRNA in the various SM treatment groups decreased,the number of cells in G0/G1 phase,the expression of cleaved caspase-8,cleaved caspase-9,cleaved caspase-3 and miR-124-3p increased(P＜0.05);furthermore,transfection of miR-124-3p inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of SM on the malignant behavior of glioma cells.In vivo experiments with mice showed that the weights and volumes of tumors in the SM treatment group were lower than those in the model group(P＜0.05),and there was no discernible change in the weight of the mice(P＞0.05).Conclusion SM can inhibit the malignant growth of glioma cells by upregulating miR-124-3p and downregulating WEE1.

Objective To investigate the effect of galangin on cardiac remodeling and cardiac func-tion after myocardial infarction(MI).Methods A total of 32 male C57/BL6 mice(8-10 weeks old)were subjected for MI modeling,and finally 24 mice were assigned into control group[sham operation+hydroxycellulose sodium(CMC-Na)],model group(MI+CMC-Na),and experimental group(MI+galangin),with 8 mice in each group.After MI modeling,the mice of the experimen-tal group were given 40 mg/kg galangin by gavage for 4 weeks,and those of the control group and the model group were given the same volume(0.4 ml)of CMC-Na solution.HE staining was used to observe the size of the infarct area.The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors in the heart were detected by qRT-PCR,and protein levels of related signaling pathway proteins were measured with Western blotting.Immunofluorescence(IF)assay was applied to detect the infiltration of in-flammatory cells in the infarct border zone.TUNEL staining was employed to detect cell apoptosis in the infarct border zone.Results At 4 weeks after modeling,larger infarct size,enhanced expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,p-P65,p-IκBα and Bax,elevated apoptotic rate,decreased cardiac function indicators such as FS and LVEF,and reduced Bcl-2 expression level were observed in the model group than the control group(P＜0.05).The experimental group had sig-nificant smaller myocardial infarct size[(11.64±0.64)％vs(21.84±1.94)％],less CD3 positive T cells[(3.10±0.46)％vs(6.28±0.24)％],F4-80 positive macrophages[(1.98±0.50)％vs(5.35±0.62)％]and LY6G positive neutrophils[(6.33±0.67)％vs(11.33±1.77)％],decreased expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,p-P65,p-IκBα and Bax,reduced apoptotic rate[(21.45± 1.62)％vs(35.68±0.88)％],and increased FS and LVEF values and Bcl-2 expression level when compared with the model group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Galangin improves myocardial remode-ling and cardiac dysfunction after MI by inhibiting inflammatory response and cell apoptosis.

Based on the genomic information of Emericella sp. 1454, in conjunction with literature analysis of its secondary metabolite emestrin, this study identified the biosynthetic precursors of emestrin and enhanced its production by supplementing the culture medium with these precursors. In this study, it was found for the first time that the addition of biosynthetic precursor, reduced glutathione, to the culture medium significantly increased emestrin yield. By incorporating 1.5 g of reduced glutathione into 50 g of rice culture medium and fermenting for 15 days, a yield of 30.82 mg of emestrin was obtained, which marked an 11.71-fold increase compared to the original fermentation approach. The method is both simple and cost-effective, establishing a solid foundation for the efficient synthesis of emestrin and similar compounds. Additionally, it serves as an important reference for enhancing the production of other epipolythiodioxopiperazine compounds.

Radioactive contamination can occur during nuclear accidents, loss of radioactive sources and the use of radiation for photography, disinfection and detection. When the human body is accidentally contaminated by radionuclides, radionuclides can cause harm to the human body through inhalation, ingestion, direct transdermal absorption and contaminated wounds into body tissues and organs. In the treatment of radionuclide contamination in vivo, the main way is decorporation therapy, which mainly uses specific decorporation agents to selectively bind radionuclides to form stable non-toxic complexes, thereby preventing their deposition in the body, accelerating excretion, and reducing the total accumulation of radionuclides in human tissues. At present, internal radionuclide decorporation agents promote the release of radionuclides from the body mainly by stopping the entry of radionuclides into the body, ion exchange, chelation, and binding of exportants to carriers. But recent studies have found that lysosomal exocytosis, the natural clearing function of activated cells, also has a significant exportation effect. In this paper, we first introduced and analyzed the mechanism and research status of radionuclide decorporation agents that have been used in clinical practice, such as the blocking effect of potassium iodide, the ion exchange effect of Prussian blue, the chelation effect of DTPA, and the urine alkalinization effect of sodium bicarbonate. The second part introduces the mechanism and research status of promising radionuclide decorporation agents. Among them, 3,4,3-LI (1,2-HOPO) and 5-LIO (Me-3,2-HOPO) are the most promising ones and have been approved for phase I clinical trials. Others such as catecholamines, polyethyleneimine and fullerenes are also being studied with great potential. Polyethyleneimine, as a biological macromolecular chelator, has more chelating sites and stronger targeting effects than small molecule chelators, and has achieved a real breakthrough in decorporation. Fullerenes are known as “free radical sponges” with good free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant properties. In recent years, biomaterials have been widely used in the field of radionuclide decorporation, which has greatly improved the decorporation efficiency. Chitosan and pectin have shown great advantages in promoting radionuclide decorporation, chitosan can adsorb metal ions through electrostatic interaction and chelation, and can also react with free radicals to remove free radicals generated after radionuclides enter the body. Pectin can promote uranium efflux, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Liposomes and nanomaterials as carriers enhance the intracellular drug delivery, prolong the retention time of drugs in the body, reduce adverse reactions, and make the traditional efflux enhancers glow with new vitality and have good development prospects. The last part summarizes and looks forward to the future research direction of radionuclide decorporation agents. At present, the research on decorporation agents at home and abroad is mostly stuck in the stage of drug development and drug synthesis, and few have actually entered the clinical trial stage. Therefore, the optimization of existing decorporation agents and the development of new ligands are critical. The targeting, biological safety, oral availability, and treatment needs of large-scale contamination scenarios are still the focus of attention. In addition, from the point of view of the mechanism itself, it is a new idea to promote the emission of radionuclides by activating potential channels, which can be continuously explored.