Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Humans ; Lung ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/therapy*

Objective: To evaluate the associations of sarcopenia, handgrip strength and calf circumference with cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults. Methods: Totally 2,525 older adults were recruited from the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study. Cognitive impairment was assessed by the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination. Handgrip strength was calculated from the means of the right and left hand values. Calf circumference was measured at the site of maximum circumference of the non-dominant leg. The formula developed by Ishii was used to define sarcopenia. Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of sarcopenia, handgrip strength, and calf circumference with cognitive impairment. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 34.36%. The adjusted odds ratio ( Conclusion Sarcopenia, identified by low handgrip strength and low calf circumference, was positively associated with cognitive impairment.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China/epidemiology* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology* ; Female ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Leg/anatomy & histology* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Sarcopenia/pathology*

Objective To explore the impact of selective carotid artery hypothermia on cerebral edema and perfusion pressure after acute focal cerebral ischemia in rabbits.Methods Thirty-two male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group (n=8),MCAO+cold saline infusion groups (30 and 60 min perfusion subgroups,Ⅰ1 and I2 groups,n=8),MCAO+38 ℃ saline infusion group (Ⅰ3 group,n=8).Rectal temperature,heart rate,mean arterial pressure,blood gas (pH,PO2,PCO2) and glucose were detected 15 min before MCAO,and 3 and 4 h after surgery.Intracranial pressure and mean arterial pressure were measured to calculate the perfusion pressure before MCAO,and 1,3,6,12,24 and 48 h after surgery.The cerebral edema extent was measured with TTC staining 48 h after MCAO.Results Baseline data between groups balanced (all P＞0.05).Cerebral perfusion pressure at different time points were significantly different (P＜0.05); cerebral perfusion pressure within 3 h after MCAO continued to decrease,then maintained at a relatively stable level.There was significant difference of edema index between the groups (P＜0.05); edema index in I2 group was significantly lower than that in the M and Ⅰ3 groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Selective carotid artery hypothermia for 60 min significantly reduces cerebral edema and increases cerebral perfusion pressure,which is condueive to the neuronal protection after MCAO.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the ASES, Constant and HSS score systems and their significance on postoperative function of the shoulder.

METHODSTotally 172 cases of proximal humeral fracture of five affiliated hospital from September 2004 to September 2008 were analyzed. All the functional outcome of the involved shoulder were evaluated by ASES, Constant, HSS score and patient self score. The correlations and agreement of three shoulder scales were analyzed with Pearson correlation test and Bland-Altman plot in different age groups and fracture types.

RESULTS(1) The Constant score were lower than other two scores in the same age group and fracture type (F = 13.62 and 4.80, P < 0.05). (2) The correlations between three shoulder scales: ASES and Constant (r = 0.754, P = 0.0003), ASES and HSS (r = 0.755, P = 0.0001), Constant and HSS (r = 0.858, P = 0.0002). The correlations between three shoulder scales and patient self evaluation: ASES (r = 0.602, P = 0.0002), Constant (r = 0.705, P = 0.0001), HSS (r = 0.663, P = 0.0037). The Bland-Altman plot shows three shoulder scales have good agreement. (3)The correlation between Constant score and patient self evaluation decreased in the elder group and severe fracture type.

CONCLUSIONSASES, Constant, HSS shoulder score systems are all fit to evaluate the functional outcome of the shoulder, they have good correlation and agreement. Constant score in recommended for its high correlation coefficient with patient self evaluation score. However, its age bias must be paid attention in clinical practice. ASES shoulder score can be used in remote follow-up.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Shoulder Joint ; physiopathology ; Trauma Severity Indices ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish a rat model of focal lymphatic encephalopathy by partial ligation of the cerebral superficial artery for observation of the changes of Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS).

METHODSThirty male SD rats were randomized into 3 groups (n=10), including two model groups and a sham-operated group. The rats in the model groups were subjected to partial ligation of the cerebral superficial arteries under EEG monitoring to induce focal lymphatic encephalopathy, and those in the sham-operated group underwent only dissociation of the cerebral superficial artery without ligation. The rats in the two model groups were executed at 24 and 48 h, and those in the sham-operated group at 48 h following the operation, respectively. Frozen sections of the brain tissues were prepared for microscopic morphological observation and quantitative analysis of the VRS using HE staining and an image analysis system, respectively.

RESULTSEEG remained normal during the operations suggesting intact brain function. Partial ligation of the cerebral superficial arteries resulted in obvious dilation of the VRS in the cerebral cortex and subcortical medulla, and the tissues around the dilated VRSs appeared pale and structurally loosened. The two model groups showed significantly enlarged VRS areas as compared to the sham-operated group (P<0.01), but no significant differences were found in the mean VRS areas between the two model groups.

CONCLUSIONPartial dilation of the cerebral superficial artery is effective and convenient to induce focal lymphatic encephalopathy in rats, and this model can be ideal for studying focal cerebral lymph circulation.

Animals ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; Cerebral Arteries ; surgery ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ligation ; Lymphatic System ; physiopathology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study the prevalence and grade of cerebral microbleeds (CMB) among patients with different subtypes of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, and investigate the clinical significance of CMB.Methods Consecutive 259 patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, admitted to our hospitals from September 2009 to July 2010, were included; according to the stroke subtypes, these patients were classified into groups of atherothrombotic infarction (n=146),cardioembolic infarction (n=28), small artery infarction (n=50), infarction of unknown origin (n=19) and transient ischemia attack (TIA, n=16). The patients without cerebral vascular diseases were served as controls (n=96). The baseline data were registered and all patients were performed gradient echo-T2*weighted imaging (GRE-T2*WI); the prevalence and grade of CMB between each 2 different subtypes of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases were compared; the prevalence of CMB in patients with acute ischemic infarction for the first time and patients with recurrent cerebral infarction was compared.Results The prevalence and grade of CMB between each 2 different infarction subtypes varied with a statistical difference (P＜0.05). Apart from that of TIA group, the prevalence of all infarction groups was statistically higher than that of the controls (P＜0.05) with small artery infarction group being the highest (68.0%). The prevalence of CMB in patients with recurrent infarction was statistically higher than that in patients with primary infarction (P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of CMB among different subtypes of infarction is high with the subtype of small artery infarction enjoying the highest rate; the prevalence of CMB in recurrent infarction goes higher as compared with that in primary infarction; the relapse of the cerebral infarction is possiblely related to the presence of CBMs.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after acute iachemic infarction and cerebral microbleeds (CMB) or other related risk factors, and analyze the possible preventive methods of HT. Methods Three hundred and forty-eighty in-patients with acute infarction, consecutively admitted to our hospitals from June 2009 to December 2010, were included and related risk factors were registered. All patients were performed GRE-T2*WI to detect the presence of CMB and hemorrhage transformation. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between HT and related risk factors by Forward Stepwise. Results HT occurred in 35 (10.06％) of the 348 patients with acute infarction. Nineteen patients (8.92％) experienced HT in 213 patients with atherosclerotic infarction. Eleven patients (39.29％) experienced HT in 28 patients with cardioembolic infarction and 5 (26.32％) experienced HT in 19 patients with undetermined etiology infarction. No patient experienced HT in patients with lacunar infarction. The results of multivariate binary logistic regression showed that risk factors of CMB were cardioembolic infarction (OR=5.338,95％CI: 1.926-14.796, P=0.001), undetermined etiology infarction (OR=6.843, 95％CI 1.848-25.346,P=0.004), and scores ofNIHSS (OR=1.181, 95％ CI: 1.085-1.284, P=0.000), and that protective factor was low density lipoprotein (OR=0.637, 95％CI: 0.414-0.979, P=0.040). Conclusion The rates of HT vary in different subtypes of acute ischemic infarction and the rate of HT among cardioembolic infarction is the highest. The risk factors of HT are cardioembolic infarction, undetermined etiology infarction, and scores of NIHSS, and the protective factor is low-density lipoprotein. CMB is not related with HT.

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the relation between cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) gene polymorphism and the susceptibility of heroin spongiform leucoencephalopathy (HSLE).

METHODSWith polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique, the cytochrome P4502D6 gene polymorphisms were analyzed in HSLE cases and control subjects.

RESULTSThe frequencies of CYP2D6 (CYP2D6/C188, CYP2D6/L2938, CYP2D6/G4268) gene mutations were higher in HSLE patients than in the controls.

CONCLUSIONThe CYP2D6 gene mutation is associated with a high risk of HSLE.

Adult ; Canavan Disease ; chemically induced ; genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; genetics ; Female ; Heroin ; adverse effects ; Heroin Dependence ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between ABO blood groups and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).

METHODSThe clinical data of 425 patients with HICH admitted to Nanfang Hospital were collected to analyze the relationship between the ABO blood groups and the occurrence of HICH, with normal Han Chinese subjects serving as the controls.

RESULTSCompared to the officially documented distribution of ABO groups in Chinese population (O 34.11%, B 28.98%, A 28.29%, AB 8.69%) and in Guangzhou residents (O 46.00%, B 25.00%, A 23.00%, AB 6.00%), a significant difference was noted in the blood group distribution in this cohort (O 45.10%, A 26.00%, B 24.00%, AB 4.90%). O blood type individuals with HICH showed a higher morbidity than others. Th ABO blood type distribution in this cohort showed no significant difference from that in the control group (P>0.05), but differed significantly from the Chinese norm (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe ABO blood group is a factor contributing to the occurrence of HICH. O blood type is related to cerebral hemorrhage, and may serve as a risk factor for HICH.

ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the cognition impairment in depression patients with its event-related potential P300 and MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and explore the mechanism of depression combined with cognition impairment Methods We conducted a study of 60 people: 30 patients with depression and 30 healthy controls group-matched by age, educational level andsocioeconomic status. The latency period and amplitude of P3, and the data of fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured by P300 examination and DTI, respectively, in the bilateral white matter of interested region. Correlation analysis of these 3 factors was performed in the 2 groups. At the same time, the scores of Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) were detected. Results The WCST scores of each sub-item,and the P3 latency and amplitude between the control group and depression group had statistically significant differences (P<0.05). FA value in the white matter of the both frontal lobe, the anterior cingulate gyms, the supramarginal gyrus, splenium of the corpus callosum in the patients was significantly lower than that in the controls (P<0.05). P3 latency and percentage of persistent errors in depression patients were positively correlated (r= 0.677, P=0.009). P3 amplitude and both percentage of persistent errors and percentage of not being able to maintain a complete classification were negatively correlated, respectively (r=0.765,P=0.001; r=-0.654, P=0.012). FA values and both percentage of persistent errors and percentage of not being able to maintain a complete classification were negatively correlated in patients with depression in the bilateral frontal white matter, respectively (left: r=-0.544,P=0.003; r=0.489, P=0.023; right: r=0.665, P=0.002; r=0.448,P=0.027). Conclusions Neuropsychology and event-related potential P300 reflected the cognition impairment in patients with depression; the latency period and amplitude of P3 could be a reference index of evaluating the cognitive function. The outcome of DTI can reveal the possible abnormality of neurofibra in the white matter region, which may be one of its neuropathology in depression patients with cognition impairment.