Using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the plasma level of Lyso-GL3 in patients with Fabry disease and to analyze the clinical application of the method.

The toad, known for its various medicinal properties including parotid gland secretion (toad venom), dried skin, and gallbladder (toad bile), holds considerable medicinal applications as a valuable traditional Chinese animal medicine. Currently, in-depth attentions have been paid to the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of toad venom and skin; however, a lesser number of detailed analyses were concentrated on the toad bile. This review provides an overview of the chemical constituents in the bile of the Bufo genus, with a special focus on the cholestane and bufadienolides, and highlights the progress in their biosynthetic pathway and pharmacological activities. The analysis uncovers a distinct category of unsaturated Δ²² or Δ²³-C₂₇/C₂₈ bile acids in the toad gallbladder, potentially acting as key intermediaries in forming C-17 α-pyrone of bufadienolides. Furthermore, the high presence of 3α-OH configured bufadienolides in toad bile, in contrast to the common 3β-OH configured found in toad venom or skin, indicates a possible link between their minimal toxicity and the toad's self-defensive or physiological control. This review provides scientific basis for the development and utilization of toad bile resources, and provides useful reference for the discovery of lead compounds, analysis of the biosynthetic pathway of bufadienolides, and research on toad physiology.

Objective To understand the distribution and antimicrobial resistance changes of bacteria isolated from pleural and peritoneal effusion in Hunan Province,and provide reference for correct clinical diagnosis and rational antimicrobial use.Methods Data reported by member units of Hunan Provincial Antimicrobial Resistance Survei-llance System from 2012 to 2021 were collected.Bacteria antimicrobial resistance surveillance method was imple-mented according to technical scheme of China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS),and WHO-NET 5.6 software was used to analyze the data of bacteria isolated from pleural and peritoneal effusion as well as antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.Results From 2012 to 2021,a total of 28 934 bacterial strains were iso-lated from specimens of pleural and peritoneal effusions from member units of Hunan Provincial Antimicrobial Re-sistance Surveillance System,with 5 752 strains from pleural effusion and 23 182 from peritoneal effusion.The top five bacteria isolated from pleural effusion were Escherichia coli(n=907,15.8％),Staphylococcus aureus(n=535,9.3％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(n=369,6.4％),Staphylococcus epidermidis(n=452,7.9％),and Staphy-lococcus haemolyticus(n=285,5.0％).The detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MR-SA)from pleural effusion was 24.3％-39.2％,and that of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS)was 58.8％-77.1％.The top five bacteria isolated from peritoneal effusion were Escherichia coli(n=8 264,35.6％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(n=2 074,9.0％),Enterococcus faecium(n=1 458,6.3％),Staphylo-coccus epidermidis(n=1 383,6.0％),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=1 152,5.0％).The detection rate of MRSA from peritoneal effusion was 22.1％-52.4％,which presented a decreasing trend(P=0.004).The detec-tion rate of MRCNS was 60.4％-79.4％.The resistance rates of Enterobacterales from peritoneal effusion to ce-fazolin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone and cefepime all showed decreasing trends(all P＜0.05).Vancomycin-,linezo-lid-,and teicoplanin-resistant Staphylococcus strains were not found in pleural and peritoneal effusions.The resis-tance rates of Enterococcus faecium to most tested antimicrobial agents were higher than those of Enterococcus fae-calis.The resistance rates of Enterobacterales to imipenem and meropenem were ≤8.5％.The resistance rates of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli to imipenem and meropenem were ≤43.3％.Conclusion The data structure of Hunan Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System for pleural and peritoneal effusions from 2012 to 2021 is relatively complete.The constituent and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated pathogenic bacteria vary in different years.

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of the downregulation of draxin expression on the projection characteristics of 23C10-positive neural fibers in the chick embryonic hindbrain. Methods The vitro incubation of HH stages 21-22 chick embryonic hindbrain biopsy with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) protein was used as control group. The incubation of HH stages 21-22 chick embryonic hindbrain biopsy with draxin-ALP fusion protein was used as experimental group. The number of embryonic hindbrain for each group was 10. To detect whether 23C10-positive neural fibers could directly bind to draxin protein or not;In ovo electroporation using empty vector in the chick embryonic hindbrain was used as control group. In ovo electroporation with small interfering RNA(siRNA) expressing vector for reducing draxin expression in the chick embryonic hindbrain was used as experimental group. The number of embryonic hindbrain for each group was 18. The effect of the down-regulation of draxin expression and the change of projection characteristics of 23C10-positive neural fibers were observed to check whether the down-regulation of draxin expression would affect the distribution of 23C10-positive fibers. Results Most portion of draxin protein could overlap with 23C10-positive neural fibers in HH stages 21-22 chick embryonic hindbrain biopsies; After expression of the siRNA plasmid against draxin by electroporation, the expression level of draxin protein was significantly reduced, and the distribution of 23C10-positive fibers was scattered in the dorsal hindbrain on the electroporated side at HH stages 25-26 of chick embryos (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion Draxin protein may directly bind to 23C10-positive fibers in hindbrain, and it plays an important regulatory role in the fasciculation of 23C10-positive fibers during chick embryonic development.

At present, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is recognized as an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the world; however, during the development and progression of hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer, other factors may promote the development of HCC independently or synergistically with HBV, such as sex, age, family history, alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase, smoking and drinking history, metabolic syndrome, and HCV or HIV infection. This article reviews the research advances in the risk factors associated with HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. At present, the treatment methods for HCC mainly include surgical treatment, local regional treatment, radiotherapy, systematic treatment, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. This article introduces the indications for surgical treatment, surgical procedures, and the advantages of postoperative adjuvant therapy, analyzes the indications for liver transplantation and its future application in clinical practice, and describes the basic principles, optimal indications, and technical advantages of mature and new ablation techniques at present. It is pointed out that for patients with early-stage HCC, the advantages and shortcomings of each treatment regimen should be fully understood to select a precise treatment regimen.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical manifestations pathologic features, treatment options and prognosis of patients with bone lymphoma. METHODS: The clinical characteristics, pathologic features, treatment and prognosis of 34 BL patients diagnosed by histopathologic method or/and PET-CT and treated in first hospital of peking university from January 2004 to April 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The median age of 34 BL patients was 56 years old, the male and female ratio was 1.43∶1 (24 /10). Among 34 patients, the patients with primary bone lymphoma(PBL) were 8 cases, the patients with secondary bone lymphoma(SBL) was 26 cases, the PBL and SBL ratio was 0.31∶1. Bone lymphoma lacks typical systemic symptoms, and its onset began mostly from bone pain and pathologic bone fracture. The most frequent pathological type of bone lymphoma in our study was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), accounting for 55.88%. At present, the conventional treatment for bone lymphoma includes chemotherapy, or chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and surgery, as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The average and median OS time of BL patients were 349 years and 3 years respectively, meanwhile the OS rate for three years and two years were 56.25% and 78.16%, respectively. Factors that affect survival of BL patients were PBL and SBL classification, pathological type, blood LDH level, and treatment methods. CONCLUSION Bone lymphoma is usually concealed onset，an adequate and adequate combination therapy can improve the survival rate and transplantation therapy plays an important role. Primary bone lymphoma is rare, the prognosis of patients with primary bone lymphoma is good, whereas the prognosis of patients with secondary bone lymphoma is poor.
Bone Neoplasms ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Exercise ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; genetics ; Risk ; Rural Population

Histologic transformation (HT) is a frequent event in the clinical course of patients with indolent lymphoma with dismal outcome. The diagnosis of HT is based on clinical manifestation, PET-CT and pathologic biopsy, and the latter is a golden standard for HT. There are contradictory data about the impact of initial management on the risk of transformation. Patients who present with HT did not receive R-CHOP or chemotherapy-naive, should receive this regimen. For the subset of patients received R-CHOP prior to HT, the second line chemotherapy for DLBCL should be adopted. Consolidation with HDT-ASCT should be considered for the suitable young patients. The radio-immunotherapy and novel drugs showed a bright perspective for the patients with HT.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin