We aimed to study radiomics approach based on biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for determining significant residual cancer after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Ninety-two post-ADT prostate cancer patients underwent MRI before prostatectomy (62 with significant residual disease and 30 with complete response or minimum residual disease [CR/MRD]). Totally, 100 significant residual, 52 CR/MRD lesions, and 70 benign tissues were selected according to pathology. First, 381 radiomics features were extracted from T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Optimal features were selected using a support vector machine with a recursive feature elimination algorithm (SVM-RFE). Then, ADC values of significant residual, CR/MRD lesions, and benign tissues were compared by one-way analysis of variance. Logistic regression was used to construct models with SVM features to differentiate between each pair of tissues. Third, the efficiencies of ADC value and radiomics models for differentiating the three tissues were assessed by area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The ADC value (mean ± standard deviation [s.d.]) of significant residual lesions ([1.10 ± 0.02] × 10^-3 mm² s^-1) was significantly lower than that of CR/MRD ([1.17 ± 0.02] × 10^-3 mm² s^-1), which was significantly lower than that of benign tissues ([1.30 ± 0.02] × 10^-3 mm² s^-1; both P < 0.05). The SVM feature models were comparable to ADC value in distinguishing CR/MRD from benign tissue (AUC: 0.766 vs 0.792) and distinguishing residual from benign tissue (AUC: 0.825 vs 0.835) (both P > 0.05), but superior to ADC value in differentiating significant residual from CR/MRD (AUC: 0.748 vs 0.558; P = 0.041). Radiomics approach with biparametric MRI could promote the detection of significant residual prostate cancer after ADT.
Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use* ; Androgens ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Retrospective Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods*

Objective:To investigate the value of brain functional connectivity density (FCD) derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in differentially diagnosing 2 subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD): tremor dominant (TD) and non-tremor dominant (nTD), as well as its correlation with clinical symptom scores.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed; 45 PD patients (25 with TD and 20 with nTD), admitted to Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University were chosen; and 24 middle-aged and elderly volunteers matched in age, gender and years of education at the same time were chosen as normal controls (NCs). The rs-fMRI data were collected and FCD map of the whole brain was computed. The FCD differences in whole brain and brain regions enjoying different FCD were compared among the 3 groups. ROC curve was used to analyze the differential diagnostic efficacy of FCD in brain regions enjoying different FCD in TD and nTD. Correlations of FCD in brain regions enjoying different FCD with disease course, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) grading, unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) III scores, tremor scores and non-tremor scores were analyzed by Pearson or Spearman correlation analyses.Results:Brain regions enjoying different FCD among the TD, nTD, and NC groups were the right lingual gyrus, right orbital medial frontal gyrus, right insula, left superior temporal gyrus, left insula, right anterior central gyrus, left posterior central gyrus, right medial and paracingulate gyrus, and left angular gyrus. FCD in the right orbital medial frontal gyrus and left angular gyrus of TD group was significantly higher than that in the nTD group ( P<0.05); while FCD in the right insula, right anterior central gyrus, left posterior central gyrus and right medial and paracingulate gyrus of TD group was significantly lower than that in the nTD group ( P<0.05). Area under the curve of combined application of FCD in brain regions enjoying different FCD in differentially diagnosing TD and nTD was 0.842, with sensitivity and specificity of 80.0%. FCD in the left superior temporal gyrus and left posterior central gyrus was positively correlated with H-Y grading ( P<0.05), while FCD in the left angular gyrus was negatively correlated with H-Y grading ( P<0.05). FCD in the left superior temporal gyrus was positively correlated with UPDRS III scores ( P<0.05). FCD in the right lingual gyrus, right insula, left insula, right anterior central gyrus, left posterior central gyrus, right medial and paracingulate gyrus was negatively correlated with tremor scores ( P<0.05). FCD in the left superior temporal gyrus, right medial and paracingulate gyrus was positively correlated with non-tremor scores ( P<0.05), whereas that in the left angular gyrus was negatively correlated with non-tremor scores ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Abnormalities in FCD exist in certain brain regions of PD patients, with disparities between TD and nTD. Combined application of FCD in brain regions enjoying different FCD can effectively differentiate TD and nTD, and this FCD is also partially correlated with the symptom scores of PD patients.

Objective: To analyze the classification, diagnosis and treatment status of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) in Yunnan province. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Hospitalized patients with PH at Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2012 to December 2019 were enrolled. The clinical data of enrolled patients, including demographic data, comorbidities, targeted drug therapy, echocardiography and right heart catheterization results, were obtained through the electronic medical record system. The composition ratio of PH, diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. Results: A total of 13 590 patients with PH were enrolled, accounting for 3.09% (13 590/440 056) of the total number of hospitalizations during the same period. The composition of PH was predominantly pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (55.50% (7 542/13 590)), followed by pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by left heart disease (24.16% (3 284/13 590)). Among them, PAH could be subdivided into four types: idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), PAH associated with connective tissue disease, PAH associated with portal hypertension, and PAH associated with congenital heart disease (CHD-PAH), with CHD-PAH as the predominating type (98.09% (7 398/7 542). Patients with PAH were predominantly adolescents. In hospitalized patients with PH, from 2012 to 2019, the proportion of children and adolescents showed a decreasing trend from year to year, and the proportion of middle-aged and older adults showed a significant increasing trend, and the proportion of female patients showed a gradual decreasing trend, and the proportion of patients with comorbid hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, and pneumonia showed an increasing trend. A total of 1 034 patients (7.61% (1 034/13 590)) underwent right heart catheterization. The concordance rate between echocardiographic and right heart catheterization findings was (86.98% (875/1 006)). A total of 2 574 (18.94%) of PH patients were treated with PAH targeted drugs, of which 58.16% (1 497/2 574) were treated with monotherapy. Among the PH patients treated with PAH targeted drugs, the majority of patients were PAH patients (86.44% (2 225/2 574)), and 83.53% (2 150/2 574) patients treated with PAH targeted drugs were CHD-PAH. Conclusions: Hospitalized PH patients in our center between 2012 and 2019 are predominantly CHD-PAH, and the proportion of patients receiving right heart catheterization and targeted drug therapy is relatively low. The percentage of middle-aged and elderly PH patients shows an increasing trend from year to year, as well as the percentage of those with concomitant comorbidities.
Child ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/complications* ; Heart Defects, Congenital

Objective: To explore the efficacy of adjuvant programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy in Chinese patients with resected stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ melanoma. Methods: A total of 296 patients who underwent radical surgery for stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ cutaneous orlimb melanoma at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Electric Power Hospital between 2017 and 2021 and received adjuvant PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, low-dose interferon (IFN), or observational follow-up were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (164 cases) and the IFN or observation group (IFN/OBS group, 132 cases) based on postoperative adjuvant treatment methods. Patients' disease recurrence and survival were observed. Results: Among the 296 patients, 77 had cutaneous melanoma and 219 had limb melanoma; 110 were stage Ⅱ and 186 were stage Ⅲ. Among stage Ⅱ patients, the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (46 cases) did not reach, while the median RFS in the IFN/OBS group (64 cases) was 36 months. The 1-year RFS rates were 85.3% and 92.1% and the 2-year RFS rates were 71.9% and 63.7% in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group and the IFN/OBS group, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.394). Among stage Ⅲ patients, the median RFS rates in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (118 cases) and the IFN/OBS group (68 cases) were 23 and 13 months, respectively. The 1-year RFS rates were 70.0% and 51.8% and the 2-year RFS rates were 51.8% and 35.1%in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group and the IFN/OBS group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.010). Stratified analysis showed that the advantage of PD-1 monoclonal antibody adjuvant therapy in improving RFS persisted in the subgroups of primary ulceration (HR=0.558, 95% CI: 0.348-0.893), lymph node macroscopic metastasis (HR=0.486, 95% CI: 0.285-0.828), stage ⅢC (HR=0.389, 95% CI: 0.24-0.63), and the subgroup without BRAF/c-Kit/NRAS gene mutations (HR=0.347, 95% CI: 0.171-0.706). In terms of recurrence patterns, in stage Ⅱ patients, the recurrence and metastasis rate was 15.2% (7/46) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group, significantly lower than the IFN/OBS group [43.8% (28/64), P=0.002]. In stage Ⅲ melanoma patients, the recurrence and metastasis rate was 42.4% (50/118) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group, also lower than the IFN/OBS group [63.2% (43/68), P=0.006]. Conclusions: In real-world settings, compared with patients receiving low-dose IFN adjuvant therapy or observational follow-up, PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy can reduce the recurrence and metastasis rate of cutaneous and limb melanoma, and prolong the postoperative RFS of stage Ⅲ cutaneous and limb melanoma patients. Patients with a heavier tumor burden benefit more from immunotherapy.
Humans ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Apoptosis ; China ; Disease-Free Survival ; East Asian People ; Immunotherapy ; Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use* ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Melanoma/pathology* ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/therapeutic use* ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology* ; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant

Objective: To analyze the classification, diagnosis and treatment status of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) in Yunnan province. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Hospitalized patients with PH at Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2012 to December 2019 were enrolled. The clinical data of enrolled patients, including demographic data, comorbidities, targeted drug therapy, echocardiography and right heart catheterization results, were obtained through the electronic medical record system. The composition ratio of PH, diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. Results: A total of 13 590 patients with PH were enrolled, accounting for 3.09% (13 590/440 056) of the total number of hospitalizations during the same period. The composition of PH was predominantly pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (55.50% (7 542/13 590)), followed by pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by left heart disease (24.16% (3 284/13 590)). Among them, PAH could be subdivided into four types: idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), PAH associated with connective tissue disease, PAH associated with portal hypertension, and PAH associated with congenital heart disease (CHD-PAH), with CHD-PAH as the predominating type (98.09% (7 398/7 542). Patients with PAH were predominantly adolescents. In hospitalized patients with PH, from 2012 to 2019, the proportion of children and adolescents showed a decreasing trend from year to year, and the proportion of middle-aged and older adults showed a significant increasing trend, and the proportion of female patients showed a gradual decreasing trend, and the proportion of patients with comorbid hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, and pneumonia showed an increasing trend. A total of 1 034 patients (7.61% (1 034/13 590)) underwent right heart catheterization. The concordance rate between echocardiographic and right heart catheterization findings was (86.98% (875/1 006)). A total of 2 574 (18.94%) of PH patients were treated with PAH targeted drugs, of which 58.16% (1 497/2 574) were treated with monotherapy. Among the PH patients treated with PAH targeted drugs, the majority of patients were PAH patients (86.44% (2 225/2 574)), and 83.53% (2 150/2 574) patients treated with PAH targeted drugs were CHD-PAH. Conclusions: Hospitalized PH patients in our center between 2012 and 2019 are predominantly CHD-PAH, and the proportion of patients receiving right heart catheterization and targeted drug therapy is relatively low. The percentage of middle-aged and elderly PH patients shows an increasing trend from year to year, as well as the percentage of those with concomitant comorbidities.
Child ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/complications* ; Heart Defects, Congenital

Objective: To explore the efficacy of adjuvant programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy in Chinese patients with resected stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ melanoma. Methods: A total of 296 patients who underwent radical surgery for stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ cutaneous orlimb melanoma at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Electric Power Hospital between 2017 and 2021 and received adjuvant PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, low-dose interferon (IFN), or observational follow-up were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (164 cases) and the IFN or observation group (IFN/OBS group, 132 cases) based on postoperative adjuvant treatment methods. Patients' disease recurrence and survival were observed. Results: Among the 296 patients, 77 had cutaneous melanoma and 219 had limb melanoma; 110 were stage Ⅱ and 186 were stage Ⅲ. Among stage Ⅱ patients, the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (46 cases) did not reach, while the median RFS in the IFN/OBS group (64 cases) was 36 months. The 1-year RFS rates were 85.3% and 92.1% and the 2-year RFS rates were 71.9% and 63.7% in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group and the IFN/OBS group, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.394). Among stage Ⅲ patients, the median RFS rates in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (118 cases) and the IFN/OBS group (68 cases) were 23 and 13 months, respectively. The 1-year RFS rates were 70.0% and 51.8% and the 2-year RFS rates were 51.8% and 35.1%in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group and the IFN/OBS group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.010). Stratified analysis showed that the advantage of PD-1 monoclonal antibody adjuvant therapy in improving RFS persisted in the subgroups of primary ulceration (HR=0.558, 95% CI: 0.348-0.893), lymph node macroscopic metastasis (HR=0.486, 95% CI: 0.285-0.828), stage ⅢC (HR=0.389, 95% CI: 0.24-0.63), and the subgroup without BRAF/c-Kit/NRAS gene mutations (HR=0.347, 95% CI: 0.171-0.706). In terms of recurrence patterns, in stage Ⅱ patients, the recurrence and metastasis rate was 15.2% (7/46) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group, significantly lower than the IFN/OBS group [43.8% (28/64), P=0.002]. In stage Ⅲ melanoma patients, the recurrence and metastasis rate was 42.4% (50/118) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group, also lower than the IFN/OBS group [63.2% (43/68), P=0.006]. Conclusions: In real-world settings, compared with patients receiving low-dose IFN adjuvant therapy or observational follow-up, PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy can reduce the recurrence and metastasis rate of cutaneous and limb melanoma, and prolong the postoperative RFS of stage Ⅲ cutaneous and limb melanoma patients. Patients with a heavier tumor burden benefit more from immunotherapy.
Humans ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Apoptosis ; China ; Disease-Free Survival ; East Asian People ; Immunotherapy ; Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use* ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Melanoma/pathology* ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/therapeutic use* ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology* ; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality. In this study, we demonstrated a novel vaccine targeting HCC and tumor neovascular endothelial cells by fusing recombinant MHCC97H cells expressing porcine α-1,3-galactose epitopes (αGal) and endorphin extracellular domains (END) with dendritic cells (DCs) from healthy volunteers. END⁺/Gal⁺-MHCC97H/DC fusion cells induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). CTLs targeted cells expressing αGal and END and tumor angiogenesis. The fused cell vaccine can effectively inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival time of human hepatoma mice, indicating the high clinical potential of this new cell based vaccine.

Objective: To analyze the follow-up and clinical effect of multidisciplinary treatment on the children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods: The clinical data including nutritional status, respiratory function, bone health and motor function of 45 children with SMA who received multidisciplinary management 1-year follow-up in the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2019 to October 2021 were retrospectively collected. Comparisons before and after management were performed using paired-samples t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, etc. Results: The age of 45 patients (25 boys and 20 girls) was 50.4 (33.6, 84.0) months at the enrollment, with 6 cases of type 1, 22 cases of type 2, and 17 cases of type 3 respectively. After the multidisciplinary management, the cases of SMA patients with malnutrition decreased from 22 to 12 (P=0.030), the level of vitamin D were significantly increased ((45±17) vs. (48±14) nmol/L, t=-4.13, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the forced vital capacity %pred, the forced expiratory volume at 1 second %pred, and the peak expiratory flow %pred ((76±19)% and (76±21)%, (81±18)% and (79±18)%, (81±21)% and (78±17)%; t=-0.24, 1.36, 1.21; all P>0.05). The Cobbs angle of scoliosis also improved significantly (8.0°(0°, 13.0°) vs. 10.0°(0°, 18.5°), Z=-3.01, P=0.003). The Hammersmith functional motor scale expanded scores of children with SMA type 2 and type 3 both showed significant elevation (11.0 (8.0, 18.0) vs. 11.0 (5.0, 18.5) scores, 44.0 (36.5, 53.0) vs. 44.0 (34.0, 51.5) scores, Z=2.44, 3.11, P=0.015, 0.002). Conclusion: Multidisciplinary management is beneficial for delaying the progression of the multi-system impairments of SMA patients, such as malnutrition, restrictive ventilation dysfunction and scoliosis.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Scoliosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; Malnutrition

Objective: To compare the effects of 3 treatment strategies (emergent surgery, self-expanding metallic stents, self-expanding metallic stents plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy) on postoperative anal function and quality of life in patients with complete obstructive left hemicolon cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Clinical data of patients with complete obstructive left hemicolon cancer admitted to General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between January 2017 and October 2019 were retrospectively collected. Patient inclusion criteria: (1) complete obstructive left hemicolon cancer was confirmed through clinical manifestation and abdominal computed tomography; (2) adenocarcinoma was confirmed by postoperative pathology; (3) emergent radical resection of primary tumor was performed with temporary stoma, or radical resection of primary tumor and primary anastomosis was performed without stoma, 7 to 14 days after completion of insertion of self-expanding metallic stents. Patients who did not receive stoma reversion after emergent operation were excluded. According to different therapies, patients were divided into three groups: emergent surgery (ES) group, self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) group and self-expanding metallic stents plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (SEMS+NAC) group. Wexner score for incotinence (higher score indicates the worse anal function), Vaizey score (>10 indicates fecal incontinence) and low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) scale (higher score indicates the worse anal function) were applied to evaluate anal function of patients among groups at postoperative 1-, 6- and 12-month. EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. Risk factors of decreased anal function were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 72 patients were enrolled, including 27 (37.5%) patients in ES group, 23 (31.9%) in SEMS group and 22 (30.6%) in SEME+NAC group. The baseline characteristics including age, gender, tumor location, comorbidities, total blood loss, operation time and postoperative complications, were comparable among groups, except that the proportion of laparoscopic surgery was significantly lower in ES group (4/27, 14.9%) than that in SEMS (15/23, 65.2%) and SEMS+NAC group (16/22, 72.7%) with significant difference (P<0.001). The follow-up ended up to October 2020, and the overall follow-up rate was 79.2% (57/72). No significant differences existed in the Wexner score of patients among groups at postoperative 1-, 6- and 12-month (all P>0.05). The Vaizey scores at postoperative 1-month in ES, SEMS and SEMS+NAC group were 7 (0-17), 3 (0-7) and 4 (0-8) respectively with significant difference (H=18.415, P=0.001), and the scores in SEMS and SEMS+NAC groups were significantly lower than that in ES group (both P<0.05), while no significant difference existed between SEMS and SEMS+NAC group (P>0.05). Vaizey scores at postoperative 6- and 12-month among 3 groups were not significantly different (both P>0.05). The LARS scores at postoperative 1-month in ES, SEMS and SEMS+NAC groups were 20 (0-37), 15 (0-24) and 16 (0-28) respectively with significant difference (H=3.660, P=0.036), and the scores in SEMS and SEMS+NAC groups were significantly lower than that in ES group (both P<0.05), while no significant difference existed between SEMS and SEMS+NAC groups (P>0.05). LARS scores at postoperative 6- and 12-month among 3 groups were not significantly different (both P>0.05). The QLQ-C30 score revealed that the social function of patients in SEMS group and SEMS+NAC group was significantly better than that in ES group (both P<0.05), while no significant difference existed between SEMS and SEMS+NAC group (P>0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that only ES was an independent risk factor of decreased anal function (OR=2.264, 95% CI: 1.098-4.667, P=0.027). Conclusion: Compared to ES, SEMS may improve quality of life and short-term anal function of patients with complete obstructive left hemicolon cancer.
Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Postoperative Complications ; Quality of Life ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome

Along with the striding of the Chinese medicine(CM) manufacturing toward the Industry 4.0, some digital factories have accumulated lightweight industrial big data, which become part of the enterprise assets. These digital assets possess the possibility of solving the problems within the CM production system, like the Sigma gap and the poverty of manufacturing knowledge. From the holistic perspective, a three-tiered architecture of CM industrial big data is put forward, and it consists of the data integration layer, the data analysis layer and the application scenarios layer. In data integration layer, sensing of CM critical quality attributes is the key technology for big data collection. In data analysis and mining layer, the self-developed iTCM algorithm library and model library are introduced to facilitate the implementation of the model lifecycle methodologies, including process model development, model validation, model configuration and model maintenance. The CM quality transfer structure is closely related with the connection mode of multiple production units. The system modeling technologies, such as the partition-integration modeling method, the expanding modeling method and path modeling method, are key to mapping the structure of real manufacturing system. It is pointed out that advance modeling approaches that combine the first-principles driven and data driven technologies are promising in the future. At last, real-world applications of CM industrial big data in manufacturing of injections, oral solid dosages, and formula particles are presented. It is shown that the industrial big data can help process diagnosis, quality forming mechanism interpretations, real time release testing method development and intelligent product formulation design. As renewable resources, the CM industrial big data enable the manufacturing knowledge accumulation and product quality improvement, laying the foundation of intelligent manufacturing.
Algorithms ; Big Data ; Commerce ; Data Mining ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control ; Technology, Pharmaceutical