Objective:To study the different factors that affected the correction coefficient of biological load in microorganism test of medical device,so as to improve the accuracy of testing microorganism of medical device.Methods:According to the national standard"Sterilization of medical devices-Microbiological methods-Part 1:Determination of a population of microorganisms on products"(GB/T 19973.1-2015),the microorganisms of disposable sterile syringes were tested.The vaccination locations of different bacterial strains,the collection techniques of different eluents and the different microorganism count methods were selected to conduct experiment.And then,the correction coefficient of biological load was calculated.Results:Based on the data analysis of the correction coefficient of the biological load of disposable sterile syringes,the difference of the microorganism growth status on plate among three different vaccination locations of bacterial strains(cone head interior,tube inner wall and rubber piston)was statistically significant(F=36.575,P<0.05),and the correction coefficients for recovery rate were respectively 2.9,16.5,and 9.9.The difference of the microorganism growth status on plate among three different microorganism collection techniques(manual shaking for 20 seconds,mechanical shaking for 5 and 20 minutes,200 r/min)was statistically significant(F=119.460,P<0.05),and the correction coefficients for recovery rate were respectively 14.1,7.1 and 1.9.The difference of the microorganism growth status on plate among three different microorganism count methods(coating method,pouring method and membrane filtration method)was not significant(F=0.529,P>0.05),and the correction coefficients for recovery rate were respectively 1.2,1.1 and 1.2.Conclusion:In testing biological load,multiple sites should be selected to conduct simultaneous infection of bacteria,and mechanical shaking should be used to collect eluent.In the test of biological load of medical device,the selection of the sites of bacterial infection and microorganism collection technique are important factor of the correction coefficient of biological load.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Aim To study the protective effect of fluoxetine hydrochloride on brain tissues of rats with simulated high altitude cerebral edema(HACE)and its mechanism.Methods The optimal dosage and time of fluoxetine hydrochloride were determined by the hypoxia tolerance test of mice under normal pressure.The rat model of brain edema at high altitude was established by large-scale low-pressure oxygen chamber.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of brain tissues in rats.Microplate reader was used to detect the corresponding indexes of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde(MDA)level and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity.The expressions of hypoxia-related proteins HIF-1α,VEGF,MMP-9,AQP4 and SERT were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the hypoxia model group,after the intervention of fluoxetine hydrochloride,the survival time of mice was prolonged,and the middle dose of fluoxetine(14 mg·kg-1)had the best effect,with an extension rate of 17.78%.The pathological damage of brain was improved,the water content of brain decreased,and the permeability of blood-brain barrier decreased.MDA content in rat brain decreased and SOD activity increased.Western blot results showed that HIF-1α,VEGF,MMP-9,AQP4,SERT protein were significantly down-regulated.Conclusions Fluoxetine has protective effect on rats with brain edema at high altitude,and its mechanism may be related to improving oxidative stress,activating HIF-1α/VEGF/MMP-9 signaling pathway and affecting the expression of SERT protein.SERT may be a potential target for treating brain edema at high altitude.

Objective: To investigate the effect of postoperative precision nutrition therapy on postoperative recovery (PR) of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC). Methods: 71 subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups. The 34 patients of research group were treated with postoperative precision nutrition treatment according to the indirect energy measurement method. The 31 patients of control group were treated with traditional postoperative nutrition treatment. All participants were measured for body mass index (BMI), NRS2002, PG-SGA and relevant laboratory test within the 1st day before surgery and 7th day after surgery. Moreover, the difference between two groups in short-term effects were evaluated. Results: The daily energy supply of control group was 30.1%-43.74% higher than that of the experimental group (P<0.05). The resting energy expenditure (REE) of the research group after surgery was lower than that before operation. The levels of prealbumin, albumin and lymphocyte count were higher in research group than the controls at the 7th day after surgery whereas the opposite was true for the creatinine, urea nitrogen, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (P<0.05). Similarly, the rate of malnutrition and nutritional risk became lower in the research group (P<0.05). The gastrointestinal function recovery of patients in the research group was comparable to that of the control group (P>0.05). Moreover, the complication rate and hospitalization costs of in research group were significantly lower than that of in control group (P<0.05). For patients with or without nutritional risks before surgery, the nutritional index and inflammatory index in the research group were better than those in the control group. Conclusion Postoperative precision nutrition therapy may improve the postoperative nutritional status and short-term effects of patients with AGC after NC.

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of Saw Palmetto Extract Capsules in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSWe conducted a multi-centered open clinical study on 165 BPH patients treated with Saw Palmetto Extract Capsules at a dose of 160 mg qd for 12 weeks. At the baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of medication, we compared the International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), prostate volume, postvoid residual urine volume, urinary flow rate, quality of life scores (QOL), and adverse events between the two groups of patients.

RESULTSCompared with the baseline, both IPSS and QOL were improved after 6 weeks of medication, and at 12 weeks, significant improvement was found in IPSS, QOL, urinary flow rate, and postvoid residual urine. Mild stomachache occurred in 1 case, which necessitated no treatment.

CONCLUSIONSaw Palmetto Extract Capsules were safe and effective for the treatment of BPH.

Capsules ; Humans ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy ; Quality of Life

BACKGROUND:Currently, there are few reports on the effects of Caspase inhibitors combined with Cocktail protease inhibitors on isolation and purification of islet cel s. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of Caspase inhibitors and Cocktail protease as protectors on islet cel s during isolation and purification process. METHODS:New-born pigs were selected to separate, purify and culture the islet cel s, and after 24 hours of culture, the specimens were divided into three groups:blank control group, experimental group A (Caspase inhibitors and Cocktail protease were added only during digestion process), and experimental group B (Caspase inhibitors and Cocktail protease were added both during digestion and culture processes). AO-EB staining was used to qualitatively observe cel morphology and apoptosis. Flow cytometry was employed to quantitatively detect cel viability and apoptosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Percentages ofβcel s were 66.91%in blank control group, 84.58%in the experimental group A, and 87.15%in the experimental group B. The proportions of living cel s, apoptotic cel s and dead cel s were 56.52%, 16.15%, 21.25%in the blank control group, 62.27%, 14.66%, 14.47%in the experimental group A, and 73.09%, 6.83%, 10.28%in the experimental group B, respectively. These findings indicate that in the process of digestion and culture in vitro, Caspase inhibitors and Cocktail protease inhibitors can both obviously decrease the loss of cel s, and increase the percentage of islet beta cel s.

Objective To discuss the treatment efficacy and radiotherapy side effects of the preoperative long-course radiochemotherapy and preoperative short-course radiotherapy.Methods 64 patients with local advanced middle and low rectal cancer who got the treatment from April 2004 to April 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.40 patients got the preoperative long-course radiochemotherapy under the dose of DT 45-50 Gy/25 F,1.8-2.0 Gy/F,5 F/W,combining with the synchronous capecitabine chemotherapy (1 650 mg/m2,2 F/d,d1-14/d21-35),and accepted operation 4-6 weeks after the radiotherapy.The rest 24 patients underwent the preoperative short-course radiotherapy under the dose of DT 25 Gy/5 F,5 Gy/F,5 F/W,and got the operation in 2 weeks after the radiotherapy.Results The radical and anus reservation rates in preoperative long-course radiochemotherapy group [85.0 ％ (34/40),65.0 ％ (26/40)] were higher than those in preoperative short-course radiotherapy group [58.3 ％ (14/24),33.3 ％ (8/24)] (x2 =5.689,P =0.019;x2 =6.040,P =0.041).There were no significant differences between the two groups on the index of remission rates,radiation injury,surgical complications,and overall survival rate of 1,3,5 years (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The remission rate and overall survival time between the preoperative long-course radiochemotherapy group and preoperative short-course radiotherapy have no significant difference.But the preoperative long-course radiochemotherapy may improve the anus reservation rate and the radical resection rate,without increasing the radiation injury and surgical complications.

To study the microbiological contamination of kitchen dishcloths in Chinese housholds, 1010 'in-use' kitchen dishcloths were collected from residential premises in Beijing and Shanghai, and they were sent to the laboratory for microbiological quality analysis. The aerobic plate counts for dishcloths were 10-109 cfu/cm2 in the range of 150 cfu/cm2 to 1.776×109 cfu/cm2 (Beijing) and 62.5 cfu/cm2 to 8.75×108 cfu/cm2 (Shanghai). Nineteen species of bacteria were detected in the dishcloths, most of which were conditional pathogenic bacteria. This study found a significant difference in the aerobic plate counts of dishcloths with regard to type, number of the days used, activities used for, and some family factors. The findings of the study highlight the potential for contamination of kitchen dishcloths within homes.
China ; Environmental Microbiology ; Household Articles

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in peripheral blood bone marrow stem cells and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in the ischemic myocardium in rabbit models of hibernating myocardium.

METHODSTwenty-four male Japanese white rabbits were randomized into 4 groups, including a sham-operated group and 3 model groups with hibernating myocardium induced by partial ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The percentage of CD34-positive cells in the peripheral blood was evaluated by flow cytometry, and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in the ischemic myocardium was determined by real-time RT-PCR in the 3 model groups (at 3, 7, or 28 days after the operation) and in the sham-operated group.

RESULTSIn rabbits with partial ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the percentage of CD34-positive cells in the peripheral blood and myocardial TNF-alpha mRNA expression were significantly increased at 3 and 7 days after the operation in comparison with those in the sham-operated group and those at 28 days postoperatively (P<0.01). No significant differences were found in the percentage of CD34 positive cells or myocardial TNF-alpha mRNA expression between the sham-operated group and the rabbits 28 days after the coronary artery ligation (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONBone marrow stem cell can be mobilized into the peripheral blood in rabbit hibernating myocardium model possibly by increasing TNF-alpha gene expression in the ischemic myocardium.

Animals ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Coronary Vessels ; surgery ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Hibernation ; Ligation ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of salidroside on the function and ultramicro-pathological change of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis of male rats in experimental navigation and intensive exercise.

METHODSSix-week SD rats were randomized into 3 groups: non-stress control (NC, n = 10), training control (TC, n = 12) and salidroside treatment (ST, n = 12) group. Blood samples were collected from the NC rats that did not receive any stimulus after a 7-day intragastric administration of saline. The TC rats underwent a 10-day running training with increasing load on the treadmill followed by a 7-day intragastric administration of saline. The ST rats were subjected to the same process of running training as the TC group and received intragastric administration of salidroside. Then blood samples were immediately obtained and the levels of testosterone (T), corticosterone (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) measured by radioimmunoassay. The testis histopathology was observed by HE staining, and the ultrastructural changes of the pituitaries and testes investigated by electron microscopy.

RESULTSThe serum T level was significantly lower in the TC than in the NC group, but showed no significant difference between the ST and NC groups. HE staining revealed no significant difference in testis histopathology among the 3 groups. Ultramicro-pathology showed that the secretory granules of the pituitary cells were significantly reduced in the TC rats compared with the NC ones; the number of the granules significantly increased in the ST group compared with the TC rats; and mitochondrial swelling, increase of electron density and decrease/disappearance of mitochondrial cristae were observed in the Leydig cells of the TC rats. But no significant differences were found in the testicular cells between the ST and NC groups.

CONCLUSIONNegative psychological stress and intensive exercise can significantly suppress the function of the HPG axis in rats. Salidroside therapy has protective effect on the HPG axis.

Animals ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Pituitary Gland ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhodiola ; chemistry ; Stress, Psychological